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THE CLARKE BELT
OBJECTIVE: The student will understand the history, theory, and
Satellites in the Clarke belt.
As previously explained in TLA 7 the Clark Belt is located
22,300 miles above the earth. At this altitude, the satellite's
motion is synchronized with the earth's rotation. That is, the
satellite completes one orbit during the time that the earth makes
one rotation on it's axis. Three of these satellites, properly
placed, can link stations in any two parts of the world. All
satellites now in use, except for some Russian satellites are in
synchronous orbits.
Satellites are placed in orbit on the Clarke Belt and assigned a
specific location on the Clarke Belt. This is necessary as more and
more satellites are launched and Clarke Belt may become crowded with
birds in certain sections. This specific location is the longitude on
the point over the earth's equator. For example, the satellite named
AURORA has a position on the Clarke Belt of 143 degrees West.
The following will provide a list of domestic satellites in orbit as
of May 14, 1985 and their orbit location on the Clarke Belt:
UNITED STATES DOMESTIC SATELLITE SYSTEM
Satellite Orbit Locations Frequency Band Date # of Xpdrs/
West Longitude (GHz) Launched
_______________________________________________________________________
SATCOM V 143 4/6 10/82 24/36
SATCOM I-R 139 4/6 4/83 24/36
GALAXY I 134 4/6 6/83 24/36
SATCOM III-R 131 4/6 11/81 24/36
COMSTAR IV 127 4/6 4/81 24/36
SPACENET I 120 4/6 & 12/14 5/84 12/36;6/72
WESTAR V 122.5 4/6 6/82 24/36
GSTAR I 103 12/24 5/85 16/54
SBS IV 101 (temporary) 12/14 9/84 10/43
SBS I 99 12/14 11/80 10/43
WESTAR IV 99 4/6 2/82 24/36
SBS II 97 12/14 10/81 10/43
TELSTAR 301 96 4/6 4/83 24/36
SBS III 95 12/14 11/82 10/43
GALAXY III 93.5 4/6 9/84 24/36
WESTAR III 91 4/6 8/79 12/36
TELSTAR 302 86 4/6 9/84 24/36
SATCOM IV 84 4/6 1/82 24/36
WESTAR II 79 4/6 6/74 12/36
COMSTAR III & D-2 76 4/6 9/78;9/76 24/36;24/36
GALAXY II 74 4/6 9/83 24/36
SATCOM II-R 72 4/6 9/83 24/36
SPACENET II 69 4/6;12/14 11/84 12/36;6/72
WESTAR I retired (8/83) 4/6 4/74 12/36
SARCOM I retired (5/84) 4/6 12/75 24/36
COMSTAR D-1 retired (9/84) 4/6 4/76 24/36
SATCOM II retired (2/85) 4/6 3/76 24/36
In Orbit as of May 14, 1985
All domestic satellites have a name assigned to them that usually is an
Abbreviation for who owns the bird. Example: Westar is owned by Western
Union Telegraph Company.
The following list are the names and addresses of the owners of
domestic birds:
Domestic Satellite Systems:
ABCI GSTAR
Advanced Business Communications, Inc GTE Satellite Corporation
8729 Belmart Road 1 Stamford Forum
Potomac, Maryland 20854 Stamford, CT
(203) 965-3303
Attention: Arthur McNulty
AMSAT RSI
American Satellite Company Rainbow Satellite Inc.
VP-Marketing Gammon and Grange
1801 Research Boulevard 2621 Constancia
Rockville, Maryland 20850 Mission Viejo, CA 92692
(301) 251-8390 Attention: Carl
Fielstra,Esq.
COMSTAR SATCOM
AT&T Co. RCA Frequency Bureau
Long Lines Department 50 Broad Street
Room 40170 Room 1125
Bedminister, New Jersey 07921 New York, NY 10004
(201) 234-4706 (212) 806-7634
Attention: Bruce C. Andrews Attention: John D. Bowker
FASSC SBS
Ford Aerospace Satellite Satellite Business Systems
Service Corp. 8263 Greensboro Drive
300 Renaissance Center McLean, VA 22102
Detroit, Michigan 48243 (703) 442-5514
Attention: Alan Parker Attention: Alice Gravely
GALAXY SPACENET
Hughes Communication, Inc. GTE Satellite Corporation
P.O. Box 92424 1 Stamford Forum
Los Angeles, CA 90009 Stamford, CT.
(213) 615-1000 (203) 965-3303
Attention: Albert Caprioglio Attention: Arthur McNulty
WESTAR USAT
Western Union Telegraph Co. United States Satellite
1828 L. Street, N.W. System, Inc.
Washington, D.C. 20036 122 East 42nd Street
(202) 862-4614 Suite 5300
Attention: Richard Cain New York, NY 10168
(212) 661-4230
INTELSAT SPACECOM
Comsat General Corporation 1300 Quince Orchard Blvd.
950 L'Enfant Plaza, S.W. Gaitherburg, MD 20878
Washington, D.C. 20024 (301) 258-6800
Attention: William Brobst
The use of domestic birds are usually for entertainment purposes;
music,
sports, news, weather, etc. Special interest programs have and will
continue to grow in our society. A partial list of program suppliers
are state below:
Appalachian Community Services Network Turner Broadcasting
1666 Connecticut Avenue, NW Cable News Network
Washington, D.C. 20235 1050 Techwood Drive
David Buchingham (202-673-7866) Atlanta, GA 30309
Don Anderson (404-898-8500)
Associated Press U.S.A. Network
50 Rockefeller Plaza 208 Harristown, Rd.
New York, NY 10020 (212-262-4014) Glen Rock, NJ 07452
(201-445-8550)
Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc. U.F.I. Newstime
Virginia Beach, VA 23463 220 East 42nd Street
Service Manager (804-424-7777) New York, NY 10017
Eastern Microwave, Inc Warner Amax
3 Northern Concourse, PO Box 4872 1211 Avenue of the Americas
Syracuse, NY 13221 (315-455-5955) New York, NY 10036
Gary Koester (212-944-4250)
Entertainment & Sports Programming Weatherscan
Network Loop 132, Throckmorton Hwy.
319 Cooke Street Olney, TX 76374 (817-564-5688)
Plainville, CT 06062 (203-747-6847)
GalaVision Home Box Office
250 Park Avenue 7639 Churchill Way, Suite 133
New York, NY 10017 Box 63
Fred Landman (212-953-7550) Dallas, TX 75251 (214-387-8557)
Home Theater Network Modern Satellite Network
465 Congress Street 43 Rockefeller Center
Portland, ME 04101 (207-774-0300) New York, NY 10020
Michael David (212-765-3100)
Nickelodeon SIN
1211 Avenue of the Americas National Spanish Television
New York, NY 10036 Network
Gary Koester (212-944-4250) New York, NY 10017
Susan Catapanp (212-953-7500)
Showtime
1211 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10036 (212-880-6611)
Activities: (1) Have students write to a domestic satellite system
company and request information on a particular bird.
(2) Have students write to a program supplier and request
information on their area of specialty, types of
programming; what kind of satellite that transmits
their programs, etc.
TLA Competencies:
1. The student will describe geosynchronous orbit.
2. The student will identify at least 1 entertainment and 1 military
bird.