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                What Someone with Mineral Lore at 51% Knows

      People in Glorantha have as much trouble telling gems apart
as people on Earth do.  They may have more, because the shape of
a stone gives no information about it.  With some exceptions, any
stone could have its shape because a sorceror formed it that way. 
Sorcerors can also mold a mottled or banded stone like clay until
it has a consistent color.  Sorcerors or simple craftsmen can
change a stone's texture.  This leaves color, transparency,
toughness, and fragility as the main distinguishing
characteristics.  Glass is the great unknown.  It can be flecked,
banded, layered, milky, silky or catseye.  It can be transparent
or translucent, or opaque if a dark color.

Notes:
s = solid (assume all gems are solid unless an m or b note
      appears)
f = flecked
m = milky or waxy
b = banded
l = layered
c = catseye
w = waxy
g = glittering
Multicolored stones are of the same transparency as solid stones
of the same type; where there is none, Tp (Transparent), Tl
(Translucent), or O (Opaque) appears.

If it is...                  Then the gem could be:
 Black and
   Transparent         Diamond, or Zircon
   Translucent         Diamond, or Zircon
   Opaque                    Alabaster (dyed), Chalcedony (dyed),
                             Coral (s, f), Jet (s, f, g, w), Obsidian
                             (s, f, b), Pearl

 Blue and 
   Transparent         Aquamarine, Diamond, Jewelflor (whitish),
                       Quartz, Sapphire, or Zircon
   Translucent         Aquamarine, Jewelflor (whitish), Quartz, or
                       Zircon
   Opaque              Alabaster (dyed), Chalcedony (dyed), Coral
                       (s, f), Lapis Lazuli (f), Pearl, Turquoise
                       (s, f)

 Brown and       
   Transparent         Diamond
   Opaque              Alabaster (dyed), Chalcedony (f, or dyed s),
                       Jet (s, f, g, w), Petrified Wood, Sard,
                       Tiger's Eye, or Topaz
   Orange              Hawk's Eye (O: c)
   Yellow              Chalcedony (b)
   Yellow & White      Chalcedony (b) 

 Clear and             
   Transparent         Diamond, Jewelflor, Quartz, or Zircon
   Translucent         Jewelflor (m, w), or Zircon

 Gray and        
   Translucent         Agate, 
   Opaque              Agate (f), Alabaster (dyed), Bezoar (s, f),
                       Chalcedony (dyed), Echostone (s, f),
                       Ironrock, Pearl, Petrified Wood, or Prase
                       (greenish)
   Orange              Agate (b)

 Green and       
   Transparent         Aquamarine (bluish), Arkatite (in daylight),
                       Diamond, Emerald (s, f, b), Jewelflor,
                       Quartz, Sapphire (bluish), or Zircon
   Translucent         Aquamarine (bluish), Emerald (s, f, b), Jade
                       (s, f, m, b), Jewelflor (m, w), Sapphire
                       (bluish)
   Opaque              Alabaster (dyed), Chalcedony (dyed),
                       Chrysoprase (f, b), Grow Stone (s, f), Jade
                       (s, f, m, b), Jewelflor (m, w, g), Prase
                       (grayish) 
   Brown               Chrysoprase (b), Jade (f, b)
   White               Chrysoprase (b, f), Jade (f, b)

 Orange and      
   Transparent         Amber, Diamond, Zircon
   Translucent         Agate
   Opaque              Agate (f), Alabaster (dyed), Chalcedony
                       (dyed), Grow Stone
   Brown               Hawk's Eye (o)
   Gray                Agate (b)

 Pink and  
   Transparent         Quartz, Ruby, or Zircon
   Translucent         Ruby
   Opaque              Alabaster (dyed), Chalcedony (dyed), Coral
                       (s, f), Grow Stone, Sard, 

 Red and
   Transparent         Amber, Arkatite (by firelight), Ruby
   Translucent         Almandine, Cornelian (m, w), Ruby
   Opaque              Alabaster (dyed), Bloodstone (f), Chalcedony
                       (dyed), Coral (s, f)
   Black               Bloodstone (f), Coral (f, b), Jasper (O: b,
                       f)
   Brown               Bloodstone (f), Coral (f), Jasper (O: b, f)
   Green               Bloodstone (f)
   Orange              Jasper (O: b, f)
   White               Jasper (O: b, f)

       Onyx (dark and light), Opal (spectrum of speckles), Tiger's
      Eye (brown and yellow, perhaps with red lines), or Turquoise
      (blue and one or more of: black, brown, or white)

 Violet and      
   Transparent         Amethyst, Jewelfor (whitish), Zircon
   Translucent         Almandine, Jewelflor (whitish)
   Opaque              Amethyst (f), Alabaster (dyed), Chalcedony
                       (f, b, or dyed s), Grow Stone 
   White               Amethyst (b), Chalcedony (b), Jade (f, b),
                       Jewelflor (m)

 White and       
   Transparent         Jewelflor
   Translucent         Alabaster (see notes), Jade (s, f, b)
   Opaque              Alabaster (natural), Chalcedony (b or dyed
                       s), Coral, Grow Stone, Ivory, Jade (s, f, b),
                       Pearl
   Violet              Amethyst (b), Chalcedony (b), Jade (f, b)
   Yellow & Brown      Chalcedony (b), Jade (f, b)

 Yellow and      
   Transparent         Amber, Chrysoberyl (s, c), Diamond, Zircon
   Translucent         Jade (f, b), Jewelflor
   Opaque              Alabaster (dyed), Chalcedony (f, b, or dyed
                       s), Grow Stone, Ivory, Jade (s, f, m, b),
                       Topaz
   Brown               Chalcedony (f or b), Jade (f, b)
   Brown & White       Chalcedony (f or b), Jade (f)

                                 SUMMARY:

Gem              Color(s)                                Transparency
AGATE            O, Gy, banded                           Op, Tl
ALABASTER        W                                       Op
ALMANDINE        R-Vt                                    Tl
AMBER            O, Y, or R                              Tp, Tl
AMETHYST         Vt (+W)                                 Tp (W=Op)
AQUAMARINE       Bu, Bu-Gn                               Tp, (Tl)
ARKATITE         Gn in daylight, lt R by firelight 
                 or magical light                        Tl
BEZOAR           Gray                                    Op
BLOODSTONE       Dark Gn + R                             Op
CHALCEDONY       banded/mottled                          waxy, dull, or
                                                         Tl
CHRYSOBERYL      golden-Y                                Tp
CHRYSOPRASE      mottled/banded Gn                       Tl and Op
CORAL            R, W, P, Bk, Bu                         Op
CORNELIAN        cherry R                                waxy or milky 
DIAMOND          C, Y, Bn, Bu, Gn, O, Bk                 Tp
ECHOSTONE        Gray                                    Op
EMERALD          Gn                                      Tp or Tl
                                                         lustrous 
GLASS            Any                                     Tp or Tl
GROW STONE       Gn                                      Op
HAWK'S EYE       O + Bn striped                          Op
IRONROCK         Gray                                    Op
IVORY            W                                       Op
JADE             Gn, W or Y                              Op, Tl
JASPER           dark red and white, brown, or 
                 black, striped/spotted                  Op 
JET              Bk, Bn                                  Op
JEWELFLOR        W, C, W/Gn, W/Bu                        Tp
LAPIS LAZULI     Bu (spotted/striped)                    Op
OBSIDIAN         Bk                                      Op
ONYX             even layers dark and light, 
                 especially white and black              Op
OPAL             iridescent rainbow                      Tp, Op
PEARL            W, Bk, Bu, G                            Op
PETRIFIED WOOD   Bn, Gy                                  Op
PRASE            Lt Gy-Gn, mottled                       Op 
QUARTZ           C                                       Tp
RUBY             R                                       Tp, Tl 
SAPPHIRE         Bu or Bu-Gn                             Tp
SARD             R-Bn                                    Tp or milky
TIGER'S EYE      Bn + Y striped, (+ dark R lines)        Op
TOPAZ            Bn or Y, too deep to be 
                 chrysoberl, or Gn- or R-tinted 
                 yellow stones                           Tp, Tl
TURQUOISE        Bu (+Bk, Bn, or W)                      Op 
ZIRCON           variety                                 Tl