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PTHREAD_SETSCHEDPARAM(3)                                                Linux Programmer's Manual                                               PTHREAD_SETSCHEDPARAM(3)

NAME
       pthread_setschedparam, pthread_getschedparam - set/get scheduling policy and parameters of a thread

SYNOPSIS
       #include <pthread.h>

       int pthread_setschedparam(pthread_t thread, int policy,
                                 const struct sched_param *param);
       int pthread_getschedparam(pthread_t thread, int *restrict policy,
                                 struct sched_param *restrict param);

       Compile and link with -pthread.

DESCRIPTION
       The pthread_setschedparam() function sets the scheduling policy and parameters of the thread thread.

       policy specifies the new scheduling policy for thread.  The supported values for policy, and their semantics, are described in sched(7).

       The structure pointed to by param specifies the new scheduling parameters for thread.  Scheduling parameters are maintained in the following structure:

           struct sched_param {
               int sched_priority;     /* Scheduling priority */
           };

       As  can  be  seen,  only  one  scheduling  parameter  is supported.  For details of the permitted ranges for scheduling priorities in each scheduling policy, see
       sched(7).

       The pthread_getschedparam() function returns the scheduling policy and parameters of the thread thread, in the buffers pointed to by policy  and  param,  respec‐
       tively.   The  returned  priority  value is that set by the most recent pthread_setschedparam(), pthread_setschedprio(3), or pthread_create(3) call that affected
       thread.  The returned priority does not reflect any temporary priority adjustments as a result of calls to any priority inheritance or priority ceiling functions
       (see, for example, pthread_mutexattr_setprioceiling(3) and pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol(3)).

RETURN VALUE
       On  success,  these  functions return 0; on error, they return a nonzero error number.  If pthread_setschedparam() fails, the scheduling policy and parameters of
       thread are not changed.

ERRORS
       Both of these functions can fail with the following error:

       ESRCH  No thread with the ID thread could be found.

       pthread_setschedparam() may additionally fail with the following errors:

       EINVAL policy is not a recognized policy, or param does not make sense for the policy.

       EPERM  The caller does not have appropriate privileges to set the specified scheduling policy and parameters.

       POSIX.1 also documents an ENOTSUP ("attempt was made to set the policy or scheduling parameters to an unsupported value") error for pthread_setschedparam().

ATTRIBUTES
       For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).

       β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”¬β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”¬β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”
       β”‚Interface                                                                                                                             β”‚ Attribute     β”‚ Value   β”‚
       β”œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”Όβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”Όβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€
       β”‚pthread_setschedparam(), pthread_getschedparam()                                                                                      β”‚ Thread safety β”‚ MT-Safe β”‚
       β””β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”΄β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”΄β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”˜

CONFORMING TO
       POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.

NOTES
       For a description of the permissions required to, and the effect of, changing a thread's scheduling policy and priority, and details of the permitted ranges  for
       priorities in each scheduling policy, see sched(7).

EXAMPLES
       The  program  below  demonstrates  the  use  of  pthread_setschedparam()  and pthread_getschedparam(), as well as the use of a number of other scheduling-related
       pthreads functions.

       In the following run, the main thread sets its scheduling policy to SCHED_FIFO with a priority of 10, and initializes a thread attributes object with a  schedul‐
       ing  policy attribute of SCHED_RR and a scheduling priority attribute of 20.  The program then sets (using pthread_attr_setinheritsched(3)) the inherit scheduler
       attribute of the thread attributes object to PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED, meaning that threads created using this attributes object should take their  scheduling  at‐
       tributes from the thread attributes object.  The program then creates a thread using the thread attributes object, and that thread displays its scheduling policy
       and priority.

           $ su      # Need privilege to set real-time scheduling policies
           Password:
           # ./a.out -mf10 -ar20 -i e
           Scheduler settings of main thread
               policy=SCHED_FIFO, priority=10

           Scheduler settings in 'attr'
               policy=SCHED_RR, priority=20
               inheritsched is EXPLICIT

           Scheduler attributes of new thread
               policy=SCHED_RR, priority=20

       In the above output, one can see that the scheduling policy and priority were taken from the values specified in the thread attributes object.

       The next run is the same as the previous, except that the inherit scheduler attribute is set to PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED, meaning that  threads  created  using  the
       thread  attributes object should ignore the scheduling attributes specified in the attributes object and instead take their scheduling attributes from the creat‐
       ing thread.

           # ./a.out -mf10 -ar20 -i i
           Scheduler settings of main thread
               policy=SCHED_FIFO, priority=10

           Scheduler settings in 'attr'
               policy=SCHED_RR, priority=20
               inheritsched is INHERIT

           Scheduler attributes of new thread
               policy=SCHED_FIFO, priority=10

       In the above output, one can see that the scheduling policy and priority were taken from the creating thread, rather than the thread attributes object.

       Note that if we had omitted the -i i option, the output would have been the same, since PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED is the default for the inherit scheduler attribute.

   Program source

       /* pthreads_sched_test.c */

       #include <pthread.h>
       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <stdlib.h>
       #include <unistd.h>
       #include <errno.h>

       #define handle_error_en(en, msg) \
               do { errno = en; perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)

       static void
       usage(char *prog_name, char *msg)
       {
           if (msg != NULL)
               fputs(msg, stderr);

           fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [options]\n", prog_name);
           fprintf(stderr, "Options are:\n");
       #define fpe(msg) fprintf(stderr, "\t%s", msg);          /* Shorter */
           fpe("-a<policy><prio> Set scheduling policy and priority in\n");
           fpe("                 thread attributes object\n");
           fpe("                 <policy> can be\n");
           fpe("                     f  SCHED_FIFO\n");
           fpe("                     r  SCHED_RR\n");
           fpe("                     o  SCHED_OTHER\n");
           fpe("-A               Use default thread attributes object\n");
           fpe("-i {e|i}         Set inherit scheduler attribute to\n");
           fpe("                 'explicit' or 'inherit'\n");
           fpe("-m<policy><prio> Set scheduling policy and priority on\n");
           fpe("                 main thread before pthread_create() call\n");
           exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
       }

       static int
       get_policy(char p, int *policy)
       {
           switch (p) {
           case 'f': *policy = SCHED_FIFO;     return 1;
           case 'r': *policy = SCHED_RR;       return 1;
           case 'o': *policy = SCHED_OTHER;    return 1;
           default:  return 0;
           }
       }

       static void
       display_sched_attr(int policy, struct sched_param *param)
       {
           printf("    policy=%s, priority=%d\n",
                   (policy == SCHED_FIFO)  ? "SCHED_FIFO" :
                   (policy == SCHED_RR)    ? "SCHED_RR" :
                   (policy == SCHED_OTHER) ? "SCHED_OTHER" :
                   "???",
                   param->sched_priority);
       }

       static void
       display_thread_sched_attr(char *msg)
       {
           int policy, s;
           struct sched_param param;

           s = pthread_getschedparam(pthread_self(), &policy, &param);
           if (s != 0)
               handle_error_en(s, "pthread_getschedparam");

           printf("%s\n", msg);
           display_sched_attr(policy, &param);
       }

       static void *
       thread_start(void *arg)
       {
           display_thread_sched_attr("Scheduler attributes of new thread");

           return NULL;
       }

       int
       main(int argc, char *argv[])
       {
           int s, opt, inheritsched, use_null_attrib, policy;
           pthread_t thread;
           pthread_attr_t attr;
           pthread_attr_t *attrp;
           char *attr_sched_str, *main_sched_str, *inheritsched_str;
           struct sched_param param;

           /* Process command-line options. */

           use_null_attrib = 0;
           attr_sched_str = NULL;
           main_sched_str = NULL;
           inheritsched_str = NULL;

           while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "a:Ai:m:")) != -1) {
               switch (opt) {
               case 'a': attr_sched_str = optarg;      break;
               case 'A': use_null_attrib = 1;          break;
               case 'i': inheritsched_str = optarg;    break;
               case 'm': main_sched_str = optarg;      break;
               default:  usage(argv[0], "Unrecognized option\n");
               }
           }

           if (use_null_attrib &&
                   (inheritsched_str != NULL || attr_sched_str != NULL))
               usage(argv[0], "Can't specify -A with -i or -a\n");

           /* Optionally set scheduling attributes of main thread,
              and display the attributes. */

           if (main_sched_str != NULL) {
               if (!get_policy(main_sched_str[0], &policy))
                   usage(argv[0], "Bad policy for main thread (-m)\n");
               param.sched_priority = strtol(&main_sched_str[1], NULL, 0);

               s = pthread_setschedparam(pthread_self(), policy, &param);
               if (s != 0)
                   handle_error_en(s, "pthread_setschedparam");
           }

           display_thread_sched_attr("Scheduler settings of main thread");
           printf("\n");

           /* Initialize thread attributes object according to options. */

           attrp = NULL;

           if (!use_null_attrib) {
               s = pthread_attr_init(&attr);
               if (s != 0)
                   handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_init");
               attrp = &attr;
           }

           if (inheritsched_str != NULL) {
               if (inheritsched_str[0] == 'e')
                   inheritsched = PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED;
               else if (inheritsched_str[0] == 'i')
                   inheritsched = PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED;
               else
                   usage(argv[0], "Value for -i must be 'e' or 'i'\n");

               s = pthread_attr_setinheritsched(&attr, inheritsched);
               if (s != 0)
                   handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_setinheritsched");
           }

           if (attr_sched_str != NULL) {
               if (!get_policy(attr_sched_str[0], &policy))
                   usage(argv[0],
                           "Bad policy for 'attr' (-a)\n");
               param.sched_priority = strtol(&attr_sched_str[1], NULL, 0);

               s = pthread_attr_setschedpolicy(&attr, policy);
               if (s != 0)
                   handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_setschedpolicy");
               s = pthread_attr_setschedparam(&attr, &param);
               if (s != 0)
                   handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_setschedparam");
           }

           /* If we initialized a thread attributes object, display
              the scheduling attributes that were set in the object. */

           if (attrp != NULL) {
               s = pthread_attr_getschedparam(&attr, &param);
               if (s != 0)
                   handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_getschedparam");
               s = pthread_attr_getschedpolicy(&attr, &policy);
               if (s != 0)
                   handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_getschedpolicy");

               printf("Scheduler settings in 'attr'\n");
               display_sched_attr(policy, &param);

               s = pthread_attr_getinheritsched(&attr, &inheritsched);
               printf("    inheritsched is %s\n",
                       (inheritsched == PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED)  ? "INHERIT" :
                       (inheritsched == PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED) ? "EXPLICIT" :
                       "???");
               printf("\n");
           }

           /* Create a thread that will display its scheduling attributes. */

           s = pthread_create(&thread, attrp, &thread_start, NULL);
           if (s != 0)
               handle_error_en(s, "pthread_create");

           /* Destroy unneeded thread attributes object. */

           if (!use_null_attrib) {
             s = pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
             if (s != 0)
                 handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_destroy");
           }

           s = pthread_join(thread, NULL);
           if (s != 0)
               handle_error_en(s, "pthread_join");

           exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
       }

SEE ALSO
       getrlimit(2), sched_get_priority_min(2), pthread_attr_init(3), pthread_attr_setinheritsched(3), pthread_attr_setschedparam(3), pthread_attr_setschedpolicy(3),
       pthread_create(3), pthread_self(3), pthread_setschedprio(3), pthreads(7), sched(7)

Linux                                                                          2021-03-22                                                       PTHREAD_SETSCHEDPARAM(3)