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# Greek Cheatsheet This cheatsheet provides a quick reference for the key features of Greek, an ancient language that was spoken in Greece and other parts of the Mediterranean. Use this cheatsheet as a reference to help you learn Greek more efficiently. ## Alphabet - 24 letters - Lowercase and uppercase forms - Similar to the Latin alphabet ## Pronunciation - Vowels: α, ε, η, ι, ο, υ, ω - Consonants: β, γ, δ, ζ, θ, κ, λ, μ, ν, ξ, π, ρ, σ/ς, τ, φ, χ, ψ - Pronunciation of γ: /g/ before a, o, u; /j/ before e, i - Pronunciation of ξ: /ks/ - Pronunciation of ψ: /ps/ - Pronunciation of υ: /y/ before another vowel ## Nouns ### Declensions - First declension: -α (feminine) - Second declension: -ος (masculine), -ον (neuter) - Third declension: various endings - Fourth declension: -ος (masculine), -ον (neuter) - Fifth declension: -η (feminine) ### Cases - Nominative: subject - Genitive: possession - Dative: indirect object - Accusative: direct object - Vocative: direct address ## Verbs ### Conjugations - Present active indicative endings: -ω, -εις, -ει, -ομεν, -ετε, -ουσι(ν) - Aorist active indicative endings: -σα, -σας, -σε, -σαμεν, -σατε, -σαν - Perfect active indicative endings: -κα, -κας, -κε, -καμεν, -κατε, -κασι(ν) ### Tenses - Present: ongoing action - Imperfect: incomplete action in the past - Future: action that will happen in the future - Aorist: completed action in the past - Perfect: completed action with present relevance - Pluperfect: completed action further in the past - Future perfect: completed action in the future ### Moods - Indicative: statement of fact - Subjunctive: hypothetical or uncertain - Imperative: command ## Adjectives - First/Second declension: -ος (masculine), -η (feminine), -ον (neuter) - Third declension: various endings ## Adverbs - Formed by adding -ως to the stem of the adjective ## Prepositions - Take the accusative or genitive case ## Resources - [Greek Dictionary](https://www.lexilogos.com/english/greek_dictionary.htm) - [Greek Grammar](https://www.thoughtco.com/greek-grammar-rules-118612) - [Greek Verb Conjugator](https://greekverbs.apphb.com/)