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2011-12-08 05:37:46
European Union officials are preparing for a key summit in Brussels, where they
will be trying to clinch a deal on how to tackle the eurozone debt crisis.
The talks have been described by analysts as "do-or-die" for the 17 eurozone
nations.
Germany and France are pushing for new EU treaties, saying stricter fiscal
rules should be enshrined there.
Meanwhile the European Central Bank is set to cut interest rates amid fears the
eurozone is in recession.
European Commission chief Jose Manuel Barroso, who is in the French city of
Marseille, has urged EU to "do everything" to save the euro ahead of the
Brussels summit.
"The entire world is watching. We must do everything" to save the euro, he
said, adding: "It is extremely important that we all together, all the EU, show
that the euro is irreversible."
Mr Barroso is attending the annual congress of the centre-right grouping in the
European Parliament, the European People's Party (EPP), in the southern French
city, which French President Nicolas Sarkozy and German Chancellor Angela
Merkel are also due to attend.
French Europe Minister Jean Leonetti has said the single currency and the EU
itself could be under threat if leaders fail to tackle the debt crisis.
Analysis
image of Chris Morris Chris Morris BBC News, Brussels
This summit could become dominated by German determination to push through
far-reaching reforms come what may, and British determination to refuse to
accept the changes Berlin hopes all EU countries will agree to unless it gets
safeguards of its own.
Germany and France want treaty changes that will set out tough new rules for
governing the eurozone and automatic penalties for those who break them.
They're also calling for a new EU fast-track for progress on tax and employment
regulations involving the eurozone and anyone else who wants to join.
A group of senior European leaders including Chancellor Merkel and President
Sarkozy will hold their own negotiating session just before the summit begins,
but David Cameron won't be there. Some smaller countries will also be unhappy -
they feel they're simply being dictated to by Berlin and Paris.
But one thing will concentrate minds - the need to come up with some kind of
convincing statement to calm markets and protect the eurozone.
"The situation is serious - the euro can explode and Europe unravel," he told
French TV.
"That can be a catastrophe not just for Europe and for France but for the
world."
The 10 non-eurozone members of the 27-member EU, including the UK, are
concerned they may become isolated if the eurozone nations - driven by Berlin
and Paris - decide to move to a new treaty on their own.
Ahead of the summit, all the signs are that it could be a bruising affair, the
BBC's European affairs correspondent Chris Morris in Brussels reports.
On Wednesday, US President Barack Obama discussed the eurozone crisis with Mrs
Merkel during a telephone call. The White House said both leaders agreed that
any solution had to be lasting and credible.
US Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner has met new Italian Prime Minister Mario
Monti in Rome to discuss ways of supporting the eurozone, and how international
institutions like the IMF can assist the region "in this delicate phase", Mr
Monti said in Rome.
Mr Geithner says "the world can be encouraged by the progress made in the last
few weeks" and that the US has a very strong interest in the success of the EU
summit.
This is the latest in a series of talks Mr Geithner is holding with eurozone
leaders as US concern over the crisis deepens.
Merkel-Sarkozy letter
The key proposal on the agenda of the gathering in the Belgian capital later on
Thursday is how to enforce budgetary discipline with automatic penalties for
those eurozone nations that overspend.
Mrs Merkel and Mr Sarkozy are seeking to enforce this by changing the existing
EU treaties.
"We are convinced that we need to act without delay," the two leaders wrote in
a joint letter to European Council President Herman Van Rompuy, adding that the
new treaty was needed by March.
Mr Van Rompuy is offering a plan which requires only amending the treaties.
The Merkel-Sarkozy letter also called for "a renewed contract between the euro
area member states".
The German-French plan is based on the following key provisions:
the European Commission to have the power to impose penalties for nations that
run excessive budget deficits
all 17 eurozone nations should amend their national legislation to require
balanced budgets
the eurozone countries to have common corporation and financial transaction
taxes
any future bailouts would not require private investors to absorb part of the
costs, as happened in the Greece case
But an EU commissioner publicly derided the idea that sanctions alone could
compel euro member states to abide by the rules.
"Automatic sanctions are a joke. Fiscal union needs collective, democratic
decision-making that can respond to challenges & manage agg. [aggregate]
demand," tweeted EU Social Affairs Commissioner Laszlo Andor.
He told the BBC that smaller EU states were disgruntled at the dominance of
France and Germany in the decision-making process.
Mr Van Rompuy is offering a fast-track "fiscal compact" that does not need
lengthy ratification by parliaments or national referendums.
In an interim report, the European Council president, who will be chairing the
summit, argues that the necessary reforms can be adopted simply by amending a
protocol - a procedure that needs national consensus but does not require
substantial changes to the EU treaties.
This, Mr Van Rompuy argues, would speed up the implementation of reforms and
remove any potential political complications.
However, a senior German official dismissed as a "trick" talk of introducing a
fiscal agreement for the eurozone within existing treaties.
The official also admitted he was more pessimistic than a week ago about
reaching a deal in Brussels.
British 'safeguards'
Paris and Berlin appear to be pushing through more radical measures,
correspondents say, and if all 27 EU members cannot agree, then they are
prepared to work towards a new treaty involving the eurozone bloc and any other
country that wants to join.
Such a move could leave Britain - a non-eurozone EU member - feeling more
isolated.
Crisis jargon buster
Use the dropdown for easy-to-understand explanations of key financial terms:
AAA-rating
AAA-rating
The best credit rating that can be given to a borrower's debts, indicating that
the risk of borrowing defaulting is minuscule.
Glossary in full
UK Prime Minister David Cameron said on Wednesday that he would seek safeguards
for London's powerful financial sector at the summit.
"The more eurozone countries ask for, the more we will ask for in return," he
said.
Mr Cameron argues that a financial transaction tax would work only if adopted
globally.
Ahead of the summit, positions appear to be hardening, our correspondent says.
Such is the depth of the crisis surrounding the eurozone that the main focus is
not on the EU solidarity but on restoring market confidence in whatever way
proves possible, he adds. Earlier this week, Standard & Poor's put all eurozone
nations on credit watch "with negative implications".
The ratings agency said the decision was prompted "by our belief that systemic
stresses in the eurozone have risen in recent weeks to the extent that they now
put downward pressure on the credit standing of the eurozone as a whole".