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Network Working Group M. Myers
Request for Comments: 2560 VeriSign
Category: Standards Track R. Ankney
CertCo
A. Malpani
ValiCert
S. Galperin
My CFO
C. Adams
Entrust Technologies
June 1999
X.509 Internet Public Key Infrastructure
Online Certificate Status Protocol - OCSP
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
1. Abstract
This document specifies a protocol useful in determining the current
status of a digital certificate without requiring CRLs. Additional
mechanisms addressing PKIX operational requirements are specified in
separate documents.
An overview of the protocol is provided in section 2. Functional
requirements are specified in section 4. Details of the protocol are
in section 5. We cover security issues with the protocol in section
6. Appendix A defines OCSP over HTTP, appendix B accumulates ASN.1
syntactic elements and appendix C specifies the mime types for the
messages.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document (in uppercase, as shown) are to be interpreted as described
in [RFC2119].
Myers, et al. Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 2560 PKIX OCSP June 1999
2. Protocol Overview
In lieu of or as a supplement to checking against a periodic CRL, it
may be necessary to obtain timely information regarding the
revocation status of a certificate (cf. [RFC2459], Section 3.3).
Examples include high-value funds transfer or large stock trades.
The Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) enables applications to
determine the (revocation) state of an identified certificate. OCSP
may be used to satisfy some of the operational requirements of
providing more timely revocation information than is possible with
CRLs and may also be used to obtain additional status information. An
OCSP client issues a status request to an OCSP responder and suspends
acceptance of the certificate in question until the responder
provides a response.
This protocol specifies the data that needs to be exchanged between
an application checking the status of a certificate and the server
providing that status.
2.1 Request
An OCSP request contains the following data:
-- protocol version
-- service request
-- target certificate identifier
-- optional extensions which MAY be processed by the OCSP Responder
Upon receipt of a request, an OCSP Responder determines if:
1. the message is well formed
2. the responder is configured to provide the requested service and
3. the request contains the information needed by the responder If
any one of the prior conditions are not met, the OCSP responder
produces an error message; otherwise, it returns a definitive
response.
2.2 Response
OCSP responses can be of various types. An OCSP response consists of
a response type and the bytes of the actual response. There is one
basic type of OCSP response that MUST be supported by all OCSP
servers and clients. The rest of this section pertains only to this
basic response type.
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All definitive response messages SHALL be digitally signed. The key
used to sign the response MUST belong to one of the following:
-- the CA who issued the certificate in question
-- a Trusted Responder whose public key is trusted by the requester
-- a CA Designated Responder (Authorized Responder) who holds a
specially marked certificate issued directly by the CA, indicating
that the responder may issue OCSP responses for that CA
A definitive response message is composed of:
-- version of the response syntax
-- name of the responder
-- responses for each of the certificates in a request
-- optional extensions
-- signature algorithm OID
-- signature computed across hash of the response
The response for each of the certificates in a request consists of
-- target certificate identifier
-- certificate status value
-- response validity interval
-- optional extensions
This specification defines the following definitive response
indicators for use in the certificate status value:
-- good
-- revoked
-- unknown
The "good" state indicates a positive response to the status inquiry.
At a minimum, this positive response indicates that the certificate
is not revoked, but does not necessarily mean that the certificate
was ever issued or that the time at which the response was produced
is within the certificate's validity interval. Response extensions
may be used to convey additional information on assertions made by
the responder regarding the status of the certificate such as
positive statement about issuance, validity, etc.
The "revoked" state indicates that the certificate has been revoked
(either permanantly or temporarily (on hold)).
The "unknown" state indicates that the responder doesn't know about
the certificate being requested.
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2.3 Exception Cases
In case of errors, the OCSP Responder may return an error message.
These messages are not signed. Errors can be of the following types:
-- malformedRequest
-- internalError
-- tryLater
-- sigRequired
-- unauthorized
A server produces the "malformedRequest" response if the request
received does not conform to the OCSP syntax.
The response "internalError" indicates that the OCSP responder
reached an inconsistent internal state. The query should be retried,
potentially with another responder.
In the event that the OCSP responder is operational, but unable to
return a status for the requested certificate, the "tryLater"
response can be used to indicate that the service exists, but is
temporarily unable to respond.
The response "sigRequired" is returned in cases where the server
requires the client sign the request in order to construct a
response.
The response "unauthorized" is returned in cases where the client is
not authorized to make this query to this server.
2.4 Semantics of thisUpdate, nextUpdate and producedAt
Responses can contain three times in them - thisUpdate, nextUpdate
and producedAt. The semantics of these fields are:
- thisUpdate: The time at which the status being indicated is known
to be correct
- nextUpdate: The time at or before which newer information will be
available about the status of the certificate
- producedAt: The time at which the OCSP responder signed this
response.
If nextUpdate is not set, the responder is indicating that newer
revocation information is available all the time.
Myers, et al. Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 2560 PKIX OCSP June 1999
2.5 Response Pre-production
OCSP responders MAY pre-produce signed responses specifying the
status of certificates at a specified time. The time at which the
status was known to be correct SHALL be reflected in the thisUpdate
field of the response. The time at or before which newer information
will be available is reflected in the nextUpdate field, while the
time at which the response was produced will appear in the producedAt
field of the response.
2.6 OCSP Signature Authority Delegation
The key that signs a certificate's status information need not be the
same key that signed the certificate. A certificate's issuer
explicitly delegates OCSP signing authority by issuing a certificate
containing a unique value for extendedKeyUsage in the OCSP signer's
certificate. This certificate MUST be issued directly to the
responder by the cognizant CA.
2.7 CA Key Compromise
If an OCSP responder knows that a particular CA's private key has
been compromised, it MAY return the revoked state for all
certificates issued by that CA.
3. Functional Requirements
3.1 Certificate Content
In order to convey to OCSP clients a well-known point of information
access, CAs SHALL provide the capability to include the
AuthorityInfoAccess extension (defined in [RFC2459], section 4.2.2.1)
in certificates that can be checked using OCSP. Alternatively, the
accessLocation for the OCSP provider may be configured locally at the
OCSP client.
CAs that support an OCSP service, either hosted locally or provided
by an Authorized Responder, MUST provide for the inclusion of a value
for a uniformResourceIndicator (URI) accessLocation and the OID value
id-ad-ocsp for the accessMethod in the AccessDescription SEQUENCE.
The value of the accessLocation field in the subject certificate
defines the transport (e.g. HTTP) used to access the OCSP responder
and may contain other transport dependent information (e.g. a URL).
Myers, et al. Standards Track [Page 5]
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3.2 Signed Response Acceptance Requirements
Prior to accepting a signed response as valid, OCSP clients SHALL
confirm that:
1. The certificate identified in a received response corresponds to
that which was identified in the corresponding request;
2. The signature on the response is valid;
3. The identity of the signer matches the intended recipient of the
request.
4. The signer is currently authorized to sign the response.
5. The time at which the status being indicated is known to be
correct (thisUpdate) is sufficiently recent.
6. When available, the time at or before which newer information will
be available about the status of the certificate (nextUpdate) is
greater than the current time.
4. Detailed Protocol
The ASN.1 syntax imports terms defined in [RFC2459]. For signature
calculation, the data to be signed is encoded using the ASN.1
distinguished encoding rules (DER) [X.690].
ASN.1 EXPLICIT tagging is used as a default unless specified
otherwise.
The terms imported from elsewhere are: Extensions,
CertificateSerialNumber, SubjectPublicKeyInfo, Name,
AlgorithmIdentifier, CRLReason
4.1 Requests
This section specifies the ASN.1 specification for a confirmation
request. The actual formatting of the message could vary depending on
the transport mechanism used (HTTP, SMTP, LDAP, etc.).
4.1.1 Request Syntax
OCSPRequest ::= SEQUENCE {
tbsRequest TBSRequest,
optionalSignature [0] EXPLICIT Signature OPTIONAL }
TBSRequest ::= SEQUENCE {
Myers, et al. Standards Track [Page 6]
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version [0] EXPLICIT Version DEFAULT v1,
requestorName [1] EXPLICIT GeneralName OPTIONAL,
requestList SEQUENCE OF Request,
requestExtensions [2] EXPLICIT Extensions OPTIONAL }
Signature ::= SEQUENCE {
signatureAlgorithm AlgorithmIdentifier,
signature BIT STRING,
certs [0] EXPLICIT SEQUENCE OF Certificate
OPTIONAL}
Version ::= INTEGER { v1(0) }
Request ::= SEQUENCE {
reqCert CertID,
singleRequestExtensions [0] EXPLICIT Extensions OPTIONAL }
CertID ::= SEQUENCE {
hashAlgorithm AlgorithmIdentifier,
issuerNameHash OCTET STRING, -- Hash of Issuer's DN
issuerKeyHash OCTET STRING, -- Hash of Issuers public key
serialNumber CertificateSerialNumber }
issuerNameHash is the hash of the Issuer's distinguished name. The
hash shall be calculated over the DER encoding of the issuer's name
field in the certificate being checked. issuerKeyHash is the hash of
the Issuer's public key. The hash shall be calculated over the value
(excluding tag and length) of the subject public key field in the
issuer's certificate. The hash algorithm used for both these hashes,
is identified in hashAlgorithm. serialNumber is the serial number of
the certificate for which status is being requested.
4.1.2 Notes on the Request Syntax
The primary reason to use the hash of the CA's public key in addition
to the hash of the CA's name, to identify the issuer, is that it is
possible that two CAs may choose to use the same Name (uniqueness in
the Name is a recommendation that cannot be enforced). Two CAs will
never, however, have the same public key unless the CAs either
explicitly decided to share their private key, or the key of one of
the CAs was compromised.
Support for any specific extension is OPTIONAL. The critical flag
SHOULD NOT be set for any of them. Section 4.4 suggests several
useful extensions. Additional extensions MAY be defined in
additional RFCs. Unrecognized extensions MUST be ignored (unless they
have the critical flag set and are not understood).
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The requestor MAY choose to sign the OCSP request. In that case, the
signature is computed over the tbsRequest structure. If the request
is signed, the requestor SHALL specify its name in the requestorName
field. Also, for signed requests, the requestor MAY include
certificates that help the OCSP responder verify the requestor's
signature in the certs field of Signature.
4.2 Response Syntax
This section specifies the ASN.1 specification for a confirmation
response. The actual formatting of the message could vary depending
on the transport mechanism used (HTTP, SMTP, LDAP, etc.).
4.2.1 ASN.1 Specification of the OCSP Response
An OCSP response at a minimum consists of a responseStatus field
indicating the processing status of the prior request. If the value
of responseStatus is one of the error conditions, responseBytes are
not set.
OCSPResponse ::= SEQUENCE {
responseStatus OCSPResponseStatus,
responseBytes [0] EXPLICIT ResponseBytes OPTIONAL }
OCSPResponseStatus ::= ENUMERATED {
successful (0), --Response has valid confirmations
malformedRequest (1), --Illegal confirmation request
internalError (2), --Internal error in issuer
tryLater (3), --Try again later
--(4) is not used
sigRequired (5), --Must sign the request
unauthorized (6) --Request unauthorized
}
The value for responseBytes consists of an OBJECT IDENTIFIER and a
response syntax identified by that OID encoded as an OCTET STRING.
ResponseBytes ::= SEQUENCE {
responseType OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
response OCTET STRING }
For a basic OCSP responder, responseType will be id-pkix-ocsp-basic.
id-pkix-ocsp OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-ad-ocsp }
id-pkix-ocsp-basic OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix-ocsp 1 }
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OCSP responders SHALL be capable of producing responses of the id-
pkix-ocsp-basic response type. Correspondingly, OCSP clients SHALL be
capable of receiving and processing responses of the id-pkix-ocsp-
basic response type.
The value for response SHALL be the DER encoding of
BasicOCSPResponse.
BasicOCSPResponse ::= SEQUENCE {
tbsResponseData ResponseData,
signatureAlgorithm AlgorithmIdentifier,
signature BIT STRING,
certs [0] EXPLICIT SEQUENCE OF Certificate OPTIONAL }
The value for signature SHALL be computed on the hash of the DER
encoding ResponseData.
ResponseData ::= SEQUENCE {
version [0] EXPLICIT Version DEFAULT v1,
responderID ResponderID,
producedAt GeneralizedTime,
responses SEQUENCE OF SingleResponse,
responseExtensions [1] EXPLICIT Extensions OPTIONAL }
ResponderID ::= CHOICE {
byName [1] Name,
byKey [2] KeyHash }
KeyHash ::= OCTET STRING -- SHA-1 hash of responder's public key
(excluding the tag and length fields)
SingleResponse ::= SEQUENCE {
certID CertID,
certStatus CertStatus,
thisUpdate GeneralizedTime,
nextUpdate [0] EXPLICIT GeneralizedTime OPTIONAL,
singleExtensions [1] EXPLICIT Extensions OPTIONAL }
CertStatus ::= CHOICE {
good [0] IMPLICIT NULL,
revoked [1] IMPLICIT RevokedInfo,
unknown [2] IMPLICIT UnknownInfo }
RevokedInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
revocationTime GeneralizedTime,
revocationReason [0] EXPLICIT CRLReason OPTIONAL }
UnknownInfo ::= NULL -- this can be replaced with an enumeration
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4.2.2 Notes on OCSP Responses
4.2.2.1 Time
The thisUpdate and nextUpdate fields define a recommended validity
interval. This interval corresponds to the {thisUpdate, nextUpdate}
interval in CRLs. Responses whose nextUpdate value is earlier than
the local system time value SHOULD be considered unreliable.
Responses whose thisUpdate time is later than the local system time
SHOULD be considered unreliable. Responses where the nextUpdate value
is not set are equivalent to a CRL with no time for nextUpdate (see
Section 2.4).
The producedAt time is the time at which this response was signed.
4.2.2.2 Authorized Responders
The key that signs a certificate's status information need not be the
same key that signed the certificate. It is necessary however to
ensure that the entity signing this information is authorized to do
so. Therefore, a certificate's issuer MUST either sign the OCSP
responses itself or it MUST explicitly designate this authority to
another entity. OCSP signing delegation SHALL be designated by the
inclusion of id-kp-OCSPSigning in an extendedKeyUsage certificate
extension included in the OCSP response signer's certificate. This
certificate MUST be issued directly by the CA that issued the
certificate in question.
id-kp-OCSPSigning OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-kp 9}
Systems or applications that rely on OCSP responses MUST be capable
of detecting and enforcing use of the id-ad-ocspSigning value as
described above. They MAY provide a means of locally configuring one
or more OCSP signing authorities, and specifying the set of CAs for
which each signing authority is trusted. They MUST reject the
response if the certificate required to validate the signature on the
response fails to meet at least one of the following criteria:
1. Matches a local configuration of OCSP signing authority for the
certificate in question; or
2. Is the certificate of the CA that issued the certificate in
question; or
3. Includes a value of id-ad-ocspSigning in an ExtendedKeyUsage
extension and is issued by the CA that issued the certificate in
question."
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Additional acceptance or rejection criteria may apply to either the
response itself or to the certificate used to validate the signature
on the response.
4.2.2.2.1 Revocation Checking of an Authorized Responder
Since an Authorized OCSP responder provides status information for
one or more CAs, OCSP clients need to know how to check that an
authorized responder's certificate has not been revoked. CAs may
choose to deal with this problem in one of three ways:
- A CA may specify that an OCSP client can trust a responder for the
lifetime of the responder's certificate. The CA does so by including
the extension id-pkix-ocsp-nocheck. This SHOULD be a non-critical
extension. The value of the extension should be NULL. CAs issuing
such a certificate should realized that a compromise of the
responder's key, is as serious as the compromise of a CA key used to
sign CRLs, at least for the validity period of this certificate. CA's
may choose to issue this type of certificate with a very short
lifetime and renew it frequently.
id-pkix-ocsp-nocheck OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix-ocsp 5 }
- A CA may specify how the responder's certificate be checked for
revocation. This can be done using CRL Distribution Points if the
check should be done using CRLs or CRL Distribution Points, or
Authority Information Access if the check should be done in some
other way. Details for specifying either of these two mechanisms are
available in [RFC2459].
- A CA may choose not to specify any method of revocation checking
for the responder's certificate, in which case, it would be up to the
OCSP client's local security policy to decide whether that
certificate should be checked for revocation or not.
4.3 Mandatory and Optional Cryptographic Algorithms
Clients that request OCSP services SHALL be capable of processing
responses signed used DSA keys identified by the DSA sig-alg-oid
specified in section 7.2.2 of [RFC2459]. Clients SHOULD also be
capable of processing RSA signatures as specified in section 7.2.1 of
[RFC2459]. OCSP responders SHALL support the SHA1 hashing algorithm.
4.4 Extensions
This section defines some standard extensions, based on the extension
model employed in X.509 version 3 certificates see [RFC2459]. Support
for all extensions is optional for both clients and responders. For
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RFC 2560 PKIX OCSP June 1999
each extension, the definition indicates its syntax, processing
performed by the OCSP Responder, and any extensions which are
included in the corresponding response.
4.4.1 Nonce
The nonce cryptographically binds a request and a response to prevent
replay attacks. The nonce is included as one of the requestExtensions
in requests, while in responses it would be included as one of the
responseExtensions. In both the request and the response, the nonce
will be identified by the object identifier id-pkix-ocsp-nonce, while
the extnValue is the value of the nonce.
id-pkix-ocsp-nonce OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix-ocsp 2 }
4.4.2 CRL References
It may be desirable for the OCSP responder to indicate the CRL on
which a revoked or onHold certificate is found. This can be useful
where OCSP is used between repositories, and also as an auditing
mechanism. The CRL may be specified by a URL (the URL at which the
CRL is available), a number (CRL number) or a time (the time at which
the relevant CRL was created). These extensions will be specified as
singleExtensions. The identifier for this extension will be id-pkix-
ocsp-crl, while the value will be CrlID.
id-pkix-ocsp-crl OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix-ocsp 3 }
CrlID ::= SEQUENCE {
crlUrl [0] EXPLICIT IA5String OPTIONAL,
crlNum [1] EXPLICIT INTEGER OPTIONAL,
crlTime [2] EXPLICIT GeneralizedTime OPTIONAL }
For the choice crlUrl, the IA5String will specify the URL at which
the CRL is available. For crlNum, the INTEGER will specify the value
of the CRL number extension of the relevant CRL. For crlTime, the
GeneralizedTime will indicate the time at which the relevant CRL was
issued.
4.4.3 Acceptable Response Types
An OCSP client MAY wish to specify the kinds of response types it
understands. To do so, it SHOULD use an extension with the OID id-
pkix-ocsp-response, and the value AcceptableResponses. This
extension is included as one of the requestExtensions in requests.
The OIDs included in AcceptableResponses are the OIDs of the various
response types this client can accept (e.g., id-pkix-ocsp-basic).
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RFC 2560 PKIX OCSP June 1999
id-pkix-ocsp-response OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix-ocsp 4 }
AcceptableResponses ::= SEQUENCE OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER
As noted in section 4.2.1, OCSP responders SHALL be capable of
responding with responses of the id-pkix-ocsp-basic response type.
Correspondingly, OCSP clients SHALL be capable of receiving and
processing responses of the id-pkix-ocsp-basic response type.
4.4.4 Archive Cutoff
An OCSP responder MAY choose to retain revocation information beyond
a certificate's expiration. The date obtained by subtracting this
retention interval value from the producedAt time in a response is
defined as the certificate's "archive cutoff" date.
OCSP-enabled applications would use an OCSP archive cutoff date to
contribute to a proof that a digital signature was (or was not)
reliable on the date it was produced even if the certificate needed
to validate the signature has long since expired.
OCSP servers that provide support for such historical reference
SHOULD include an archive cutoff date extension in responses. If
included, this value SHALL be provided as an OCSP singleExtensions
extension identified by id-pkix-ocsp-archive-cutoff and of syntax
GeneralizedTime.
id-pkix-ocsp-archive-cutoff OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix-ocsp 6 }
ArchiveCutoff ::= GeneralizedTime
To illustrate, if a server is operated with a 7-year retention
interval policy and status was produced at time t1 then the value for
ArchiveCutoff in the response would be (t1 - 7 years).
4.4.5 CRL Entry Extensions
All the extensions specified as CRL Entry Extensions - in Section 5.3
of [RFC2459] - are also supported as singleExtensions.
4.4.6 Service Locator
An OCSP server may be operated in a mode whereby the server receives
a request and routes it to the OCSP server which is known to be
authoritative for the identified certificate. The serviceLocator
request extension is defined for this purpose. This extension is
included as one of the singleRequestExtensions in requests.
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RFC 2560 PKIX OCSP June 1999
id-pkix-ocsp-service-locator OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix-ocsp 7 }
ServiceLocator ::= SEQUENCE {
issuer Name,
locator AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax OPTIONAL }
Values for these fields are obtained from the corresponding fields in
the subject certificate.
5. Security Considerations
For this service to be effective, certificate using systems must
connect to the certificate status service provider. In the event such
a connection cannot be obtained, certificate-using systems could
implement CRL processing logic as a fall-back position.
A denial of service vulnerability is evident with respect to a flood
of queries. The production of a cryptographic signature significantly
affects response generation cycle time, thereby exacerbating the
situation. Unsigned error responses open up the protocol to another
denial of service attack, where the attacker sends false error
responses.
The use of precomputed responses allows replay attacks in which an
old (good) response is replayed prior to its expiration date but
after the certificate has been revoked. Deployments of OCSP should
carefully evaluate the benefit of precomputed responses against the
probability of a replay attack and the costs associated with its
successful execution.
Requests do not contain the responder they are directed to. This
allows an attacker to replay a request to any number of OCSP
responders.
The reliance of HTTP caching in some deployment scenarios may result
in unexpected results if intermediate servers are incorrectly
configured or are known to possess cache management faults.
Implementors are advised to take the reliability of HTTP cache
mechanisms into account when deploying OCSP over HTTP.
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6. References
[RFC2459] Housley, R., Ford, W., Polk, W. and D. Solo, "Internet
X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and CRL
Profile", RFC 2459, January 1999.
[HTTP] Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H. and T.
Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC
2068, January 1997.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[URL] Berners-Lee, T., Masinter, L. and M. McCahill, "Uniform
Resource Locators (URL)", RFC 1738, December 1994.
[X.690] ITU-T Recommendation X.690 (1994) | ISO/IEC 8825-1:1995,
Information Technology - ASN.1 encoding rules:
Specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical
Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules
(DER).
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7. Authors' Addresses
Michael Myers
VeriSign, Inc.
1350 Charleston Road
Mountain View, CA 94043
EMail: mmyers@verisign.com
Rich Ankney
CertCo, LLC
13506 King Charles Dr.
Chantilly, VA 20151
EMail: rankney@erols.com
Ambarish Malpani
ValiCert, Inc.
1215 Terra Bella Ave.
Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: 650.567.5457
EMail: ambarish@valicert.com
Slava Galperin
My CFO, Inc.
1945 Charleston Road
Mountain View, CA
EMail: galperin@mycfo.com
Carlisle Adams
Entrust Technologies
750 Heron Road, Suite E08
Ottawa, Ontario
K1V 1A7
Canada
EMail: cadams@entrust.com
Myers, et al. Standards Track [Page 16]
RFC 2560 PKIX OCSP June 1999
Appendix A.
A.1 OCSP over HTTP
This section describes the formatting that will be done to the
request and response to support HTTP.
A.1.1 Request
HTTP based OCSP requests can use either the GET or the POST method to
submit their requests. To enable HTTP caching, small requests (that
after encoding are less than 255 bytes), MAY be submitted using GET.
If HTTP caching is not important, or the request is greater than 255
bytes, the request SHOULD be submitted using POST. Where privacy is
a requirement, OCSP transactions exchanged using HTTP MAY be
protected using either TLS/SSL or some other lower layer protocol.
An OCSP request using the GET method is constructed as follows:
GET {url}/{url-encoding of base-64 encoding of the DER encoding of
the OCSPRequest}
where {url} may be derived from the value of AuthorityInfoAccess or
other local configuration of the OCSP client.
An OCSP request using the POST method is constructed as follows: The
Content-Type header has the value "application/ocsp-request" while
the body of the message is the binary value of the DER encoding of
the OCSPRequest.
A.1.2 Response
An HTTP-based OCSP response is composed of the appropriate HTTP
headers, followed by the binary value of the DER encoding of the
OCSPResponse. The Content-Type header has the value
"application/ocsp-response". The Content-Length header SHOULD specify
the length of the response. Other HTTP headers MAY be present and MAY
be ignored if not understood by the requestor.
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Appendix B. OCSP in ASN.1
OCSP DEFINITIONS EXPLICIT TAGS::=
BEGIN
IMPORTS
-- Directory Authentication Framework (X.509)
Certificate, AlgorithmIdentifier, CRLReason
FROM AuthenticationFramework { joint-iso-itu-t ds(5)
module(1) authenticationFramework(7) 3 }
-- PKIX Certificate Extensions
AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax
FROM PKIX1Implicit88 {iso(1) identified-organization(3)
dod(6) internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7)
id-mod(0) id-pkix1-implicit-88(2)}
Name, GeneralName, CertificateSerialNumber, Extensions,
id-kp, id-ad-ocsp
FROM PKIX1Explicit88 {iso(1) identified-organization(3)
dod(6) internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7)
id-mod(0) id-pkix1-explicit-88(1)};
OCSPRequest ::= SEQUENCE {
tbsRequest TBSRequest,
optionalSignature [0] EXPLICIT Signature OPTIONAL }
TBSRequest ::= SEQUENCE {
version [0] EXPLICIT Version DEFAULT v1,
requestorName [1] EXPLICIT GeneralName OPTIONAL,
requestList SEQUENCE OF Request,
requestExtensions [2] EXPLICIT Extensions OPTIONAL }
Signature ::= SEQUENCE {
signatureAlgorithm AlgorithmIdentifier,
signature BIT STRING,
certs [0] EXPLICIT SEQUENCE OF Certificate OPTIONAL }
Version ::= INTEGER { v1(0) }
Request ::= SEQUENCE {
reqCert CertID,
singleRequestExtensions [0] EXPLICIT Extensions OPTIONAL }
Myers, et al. Standards Track [Page 18]
RFC 2560 PKIX OCSP June 1999
CertID ::= SEQUENCE {
hashAlgorithm AlgorithmIdentifier,
issuerNameHash OCTET STRING, -- Hash of Issuer's DN
issuerKeyHash OCTET STRING, -- Hash of Issuers public key
serialNumber CertificateSerialNumber }
OCSPResponse ::= SEQUENCE {
responseStatus OCSPResponseStatus,
responseBytes [0] EXPLICIT ResponseBytes OPTIONAL }
OCSPResponseStatus ::= ENUMERATED {
successful (0), --Response has valid confirmations
malformedRequest (1), --Illegal confirmation request
internalError (2), --Internal error in issuer
tryLater (3), --Try again later
--(4) is not used
sigRequired (5), --Must sign the request
unauthorized (6) --Request unauthorized
}
ResponseBytes ::= SEQUENCE {
responseType OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
response OCTET STRING }
BasicOCSPResponse ::= SEQUENCE {
tbsResponseData ResponseData,
signatureAlgorithm AlgorithmIdentifier,
signature BIT STRING,
certs [0] EXPLICIT SEQUENCE OF Certificate OPTIONAL }
ResponseData ::= SEQUENCE {
version [0] EXPLICIT Version DEFAULT v1,
responderID ResponderID,
producedAt GeneralizedTime,
responses SEQUENCE OF SingleResponse,
responseExtensions [1] EXPLICIT Extensions OPTIONAL }
ResponderID ::= CHOICE {
byName [1] Name,
byKey [2] KeyHash }
KeyHash ::= OCTET STRING --SHA-1 hash of responder's public key
--(excluding the tag and length fields)
SingleResponse ::= SEQUENCE {
certID CertID,
certStatus CertStatus,
thisUpdate GeneralizedTime,
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RFC 2560 PKIX OCSP June 1999
nextUpdate [0] EXPLICIT GeneralizedTime OPTIONAL,
singleExtensions [1] EXPLICIT Extensions OPTIONAL }
CertStatus ::= CHOICE {
good [0] IMPLICIT NULL,
revoked [1] IMPLICIT RevokedInfo,
unknown [2] IMPLICIT UnknownInfo }
RevokedInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
revocationTime GeneralizedTime,
revocationReason [0] EXPLICIT CRLReason OPTIONAL }
UnknownInfo ::= NULL -- this can be replaced with an enumeration
ArchiveCutoff ::= GeneralizedTime
AcceptableResponses ::= SEQUENCE OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER
ServiceLocator ::= SEQUENCE {
issuer Name,
locator AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax }
-- Object Identifiers
id-kp-OCSPSigning OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-kp 9 }
id-pkix-ocsp OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-ad-ocsp }
id-pkix-ocsp-basic OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix-ocsp 1 }
id-pkix-ocsp-nonce OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix-ocsp 2 }
id-pkix-ocsp-crl OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix-ocsp 3 }
id-pkix-ocsp-response OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix-ocsp 4 }
id-pkix-ocsp-nocheck OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix-ocsp 5 }
id-pkix-ocsp-archive-cutoff OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix-ocsp 6 }
id-pkix-ocsp-service-locator OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix-ocsp 7 }
END
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RFC 2560 PKIX OCSP June 1999
Appendix C. MIME registrations
C.1 application/ocsp-request
To: ietf-types@iana.org
Subject: Registration of MIME media type application/ocsp-request
MIME media type name: application
MIME subtype name: ocsp-request
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: None
Encoding considerations: binary
Security considerations: Carries a request for information. This
request may optionally be cryptographically signed.
Interoperability considerations: None
Published specification: IETF PKIX Working Group Draft on Online
Certificate Status Protocol - OCSP
Applications which use this media type: OCSP clients
Additional information:
Magic number(s): None
File extension(s): .ORQ
Macintosh File Type Code(s): none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Ambarish Malpani <ambarish@valicert.com>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Ambarish Malpani <ambarish@valicert.com>
C.2 application/ocsp-response
To: ietf-types@iana.org
Subject: Registration of MIME media type application/ocsp-response
MIME media type name: application
Myers, et al. Standards Track [Page 21]
RFC 2560 PKIX OCSP June 1999
MIME subtype name: ocsp-response
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: None
Encoding considerations: binary
Security considerations: Carries a cryptographically signed response
Interoperability considerations: None
Published specification: IETF PKIX Working Group Draft on Online
Certificate Status Protocol - OCSP
Applications which use this media type: OCSP servers
Additional information:
Magic number(s): None
File extension(s): .ORS
Macintosh File Type Code(s): none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Ambarish Malpani <ambarish@valicert.com>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Ambarish Malpani <ambarish@valicert.com>
Myers, et al. Standards Track [Page 22]
RFC 2560 PKIX OCSP June 1999
Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
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The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
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This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
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TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
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Acknowledgement
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
Internet Society.
Myers, et al. Standards Track [Page 23]