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How Parents Can Get Infants to Sleep, Once and For All

2010-08-13 11:31:21

Jeanna Bryner

LiveScience Managing Editor

livescience.com Thu Aug 12, 10:04 am ET

For parents having trouble getting their infants to sleep, a new study suggests

being emotionally available to baby's needs is key to a good night sleep. The

study suggests it's not so important how much time parents spend with children

or what they do at bedtime, but rather the quality of that time.

The findings may be important for both sleep-deprived parents and their kids.

Chronic sleep troubles in childhood are linked with daytime behavioral

problems, sleepiness and attention problems, and poor academic performance, the

researchers say.

Emotional quality

Being emotionally receptive would include things like gazing at your infant

while breastfeeding, or noticing if your child is not interested in a book, and

so putting the book down. Some sleep experts have advised parents set a strict

sleep schedule and keep certain routines that become associated with going to

sleep, such as reading a book and dimming the lights.

When parents provide reassurance through emotional communication, the

researchers believe that it lets children know they are in a safe environment.

They argue that feeling safe is ultimately a prerequisite for achieving deep

sleep.

"Bed time can be a very emotional time. It heralds the longest separation of

the day for most infants," said study researcher Douglas Teti, professor of

human development and family studies at Penn State. "It struck me that going to

sleep, and sleeping well, is much easier for some young children than others,

and I wanted to assess what factored into this, and what parents and children

contribute to sleep patterns."

Sleep like a baby

This study involved 35 families with infants 24 months of age and younger, and

is the first to use multiple video cameras in the infants' and parents'

bedrooms to capture parent-infant interactions at night. Fathers were also

included, but since only seven of them interacted with their infants for a long

enough time (at least two to three minutes) during bedtime, the researchers

focused on maternal bedtime behavior only.

Infants whose moms were more emotionally available during bedtime showed fewer

disruptions when settling to sleep and less sleep disruption overall compared

with infants whose moms were less emotionally available.

Mothers rated as more emotionally available were less likely to have to return

to their infants at bedtime and less likely to report their infants had sleep

difficulties. These emotional moms also tended to have infants who didn't wake

up as much throughout the night as other infants in the study.

For instance, one emotionally available mother responded to her 6-month-old

infant's vocalizations during breastfeeding. "She continuously gazed at the

infant's face and, whenever the infant vocalized, she responded promptly (e.g.,

'It's OK.')," the researchers write in a recent issue of the Journal of Family

Psychology.

"Mothers who were more emotionally connected to their infants during

breastfeeding had infants who settled to sleep quicker and were more likely to

'sleep through the night' than infants whose mothers were not as emotionally

connected," Teti said.

Another mother "used stern directives with her 24-month-old during book-reading

whenever the child got up out of bed," and "continually attempted to engage the

child in the book despite clear signs that the child was losing interest (e.g.,

child was fidgety and continually turned his attention elsewhere)," the

researchers noted. The result: "The child got up and left the room four times

before he eventually fell asleep."

How you do it

The results showed that what mothers do with their infants at bedtime, say

whether they have close physical contact, may be less important to the infant's

sleep success than the emotional quality that underlies these activities. This

contradicts past research, which had suggested prolonged close physical contact

with a parent undermines babies' ability to sleep on their own.

"Quality of parenting appeared to be more important than what parents did, or

how long they did it," Teti told LiveScience.

Teti said he is finding similar results in a more in-depth analysis of factors

promoting infant sleep as they age from 1 month to 2 years. One of the next

steps will be to examine links between infants' temperamental styles, parenting

at bedtime and during the night, and sleep disruptions, Teti said.