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VIP Professional uses the Apple // keyboard as follows:
[Arrow key] Move the cell indicator one cell
[Shift][Arrow key] Move to previous or next page
[Closed Apple][Right] Page right
[Closed Apple][Left] Page left
[Open Apple][Up] Move the cell indicator to A1
[Open Apple][Down] End (Bottom right of worksheet)
[Open Apple][letter] Execute macro
[Closed Apple][Escape] Break and return to Ready mode from data entry
[Delete] Delete character before cursor
[Open Apple][Delete] Delete character under cursor
[Escape] Back out of current entry or sub-menu
[Tab][Arrow key] Tab to end of current data or empty block
[Open Apple][Tab] Toggle Scroll Lock
Tabbing moves the cell indicator to the end of a current block of data.
When in an empty area the indicator is moved to the cell preceding the data.
Professional uses ten function keys to perform ten commonly used functions
instantaneously. The ten functions are used by pressing [Open Apple] plus
the number of the function.
[Open Apple][1]--Help: Enters the help facility
[Open Apple][2]--Edit: Toggles in and out of Edit mode
[Open Apple][3]--Name: Gives a list of the current range names
[Open Apple][4]--Absolute: Takes cell reference through the absolute cycle
[Open Apple][5]--GoTo: Moves the cell indicator to a specified cell
[Open Apple][6]--Window: Moves the cell indicator between windows
[Open Apple][7]--Query: Repeat last Data Query operation
[Open Apple][8]--Table: Repeat last Data Table operation
[Open Apple][9]--Calculate: Invokes a worksheet recalculation
[Open Apple][0]--Graph: Displays a graph using the most recent settings
DATA ENTRY
Data can be entered in label or value form. A Label consists of text used for
headings and other static information on the worksheet. A Value consists of
numbers and formulas. While entering data you may press [Escape] or
[Closed Apple][Escape] to return to Ready mode. Pressing [Return] will post the
entry to the worksheet. Edit mode is entered if an error is detected while
keying data.
Labels:
A label is initiated using a letter, a label prefix or an otherwise unused
punctuation mark. A label prefix adds special meaning to the label, or allows
characters usually used as values to be used as labels. The Worksheet Global
Label-prefix and Range Label-prefix commands control defaults.
The Label prefixes are: ' Left justified " Right justified
^ Centered \ Repeating label
Values:
A value is a cell entry which contains the numbers, operators, cell references,
and functions fundamental to your sheet.
The characters which begin a value entry are:
0-9, ., +, -, (, @, #, and $.
The commands available which set the display format for values are
/Worksheet Global Format and /Range Format. Specification of a variety
of cell layouts is possible.
A Formula may consist of the above values and operations including cell
references and @functions. They are covered further in the next section.
A Formula may consist of values and operations including cell references and
@functions. Examples are: 3+B7, @sum(D2..D9), @MAX(T3,B4^7). The rules for
calculation are as follows:
1. Parenthesized groups are calculated first.
2. An order of precedence takes place among operators. This means
operands of operators of higher precedence are evaluated first.
3. All else being equal, operators are taken from left to right.
Plus and minus signs should ideally be used to begin each formula.
Operator Function Precedence Operator Function Precedence
^ Exponentiation 1 <> Not Equal 5
- Negatation 2 > Greater Than 5
+ Make Positive 2 >= Greater or Equal 5
* Multiplication 3 < Less Than 5
/ Division 3 <= Less or Equal 5
+ Addition 4 #NOT# Logical Not 6
- Subtraction 4 #AND# Logical And 7
= Equals 5 #OR# Logical Or 7
Edit mode is entered when an error in data entry is detected, when you decide
to edit an entry, or when you are prompted for information.
To edit a cell, select the cell and then select edit, either by pressing [Open
Apple] [2] or by clicking on the Status Line in the Control Panel. When you
do this, the entry will appear on the Edit line with the cursor at the end of
the entry.
There are several commands which can be used in the edit mode:
[Closed Apple][Up] First character of entry
[Closed Apple][Down] Last character of entry
[Open Apple][Right] Move 5 characters right
[Open Apple][Left] Move 5 characters left
[Right arrow] Move 1 character right
[Left arrow] Move 1 character left
[Delete] Erases character before cursor
[Open Apple][Delete] Erases character under cursor
[Escape] Cancels editing of entry
[Open Apple][9] Changes formula to result
@Functions perform a variety of useful time saving tasks. They are introduced
with an '@' character and can be typed in either upper or lower case. Be sure
to use the correct number of arguments.
@COUNT(range)......Counts the number of items in the range members
@SUM(range)........Adds the items in the range
@AVG(range)........Finds the average of range members
@MIN(range)........Finds the minimum value of range members
@MAX(range)........Finds the maximum value of range members
@STD(range)........Finds the standard deviation of range members
@VAR(range)........Finds the variance of range members
Math functions:
@ABS(value)....Yields absolute value
@EXP(value)....Yields value raised to exponential power
@INT(value)....Yields the integer portion of value
@LN(value).....Yields the natural logarithm of value
@LOG(value)....Yields the base 10 logarithm of value
@SQRT(value)...Yields the square root of value
@MOD(value-1,value-2)..Finds remainder after division of the values
@ROUND(value,places)...Rounds value to left or right places of the decimal
@COS(angle in radians)..............Yields the cosine of angle
@SIN(angle in radians)..............Yields the sine of angle
@TAN(angle in radians)..............Yields the tangent of angle
@ACOS(cosine of angle in radians)...Yields the arc cosine of angle
@ASIN(sine of angle in radians).....Yields the arc sine of angle
@ATAN(tangent of angle in radians)..Yields the arc tangent of angle
@ATAN2(first value, second value)...(See manual for differences.)
@PI.................................Yields the value of Pi
@RAND........Yields a random number distributed between 0.0 and 1.0
Logic functions:
@TRUE...........Always true (1)
@FALSE..........Always false (0)
@ISNA(value)....True if the value is not available, otherwise false
@ISERR(value)...True if value is undefinable, otherwise false
@IF(condition,value-1,value-2)....Returns the first value if condition
is true, else the second value.
Financial functions:
@FV(payment,interest,number-of-terms) Future value of ordinary annuity
@PV(payment,interest,number-of-terms)
@PMT(principal,interest,number-of-terms)
Calculates mortgage payment per term for an ordinary annuity
@IRR(best-guess,cash-payment-series)
Calculates approximate internal rate of return for cash payments
made at regular intervals using your quess at the answer
@NPV(initial-payment,interest-rate,series-of-future-cash-flo ws)
Calculates net present value of a cash flow series
Special functions:
@NA......Yields not available "NA"
@ERR.....Yields error "ERR"
@CHOOSE(x,set-of-values)...Tests logical expressions or performs lookup
@HLOOKUP(x,range,offset)...Performs horizontal table lookup
@VLOOKUP(x,range,offset)...Performs vertical table lookup
Database functions have the format:
@function(input-range[arg1],offset[arg2],criterion-range[arg 3])
@DCOUNT(arg1,arg2,arg3).....Counts selected items
@DSUM(arg1,arg2,arg3).......Adds selected items
@DAVG(arg1,arg2,arg3).......Finds average of selected items
@DMIN(arg1,arg2,arg3).......Finds smallest value of selected items
@DMAX(arg1,arg2,arg3).......Finds greatest value of selected items
@DSTD(arg1,arg2,arg3).......Finds standard value of selected items
@DVAR(arg1,arg2,arg3).......Finds variance value of selected items
These functions convert between serial and date calendar formats. A Serial
date is a count of the number of days since 1-1-1900; useful for calculations.
The result would then be converted back to calendar format.
@DATE(Year,Month,Day)......Converts serial format to calendar format
@TODAY.....................Changes today's date to serial format
@DAY(serial-date)..........Yields the calendar day from a serial date
@MONTH(serial-date)........Yields the calendar month from a serial date
@YEAR(serial-date).........Yields the calendar year from a serial date
Macros are user-programmed commands created with key sequences. Values,
labels, functions or commands may be included. For example:
'/wcs15~
changes the column-width of the current cell to fifteen. /X commands give you
the ability to program VIP Professional.
Auto-execute macros are built by attaching the macro to the digit zero.
Each time you reload the worksheet, the macro is automatically executed.
Entering macros:
1. Construct the macro in an empty worksheet cell starting with a label-prefix.
2. Name it with Range Name Create, using [Backslash] and a letter, e.g.: \Q.
3. Use it by pressing [Open Apple] and letter of macro, e.g.: [Open Apple][Q].
Keyboard commands are entered in macros enclosed in braces as shown:
{Up}........Up one cell {Down}......Down one cell
{Right}.....Right one cell {Left}......Left one cell
{Home}......Move Home {End}.......Move to End of data
{PgUp}......Pages up {PgDn}......Pages down
{Del}.......Deletes {Esc}.......Escape
{Bs}........Backspaces {Edit}......Edit function
{Name}......Name function {Abs}.......Absolute function
{GoTo}......Express function {Window}....Window function
{Query}.....Query function {Table}.....Table function
{Calc}......Recalculate function {Graph}.....Graph function
{?}.........Pauses for input until [Return] is pressed
~...........[Return]
To use Single-step mode, press [Open Apple][Shift][1]. Press any key to advance to
next step. To stop Single-step mode, press [Open Apple][Shift][1].
/X Commands:
/XI(condition)~ Uses if-then condition
/XG(location)~ Goes to a location and continues macro
/XC(location)~ Goes to a location and calls subroutine
/XR Returns from subroutine. Used with /XC
/XQ Quits macro execution
/XM(location)~ Displays and processes a user-defined menu
/XL(message)~(location)~ See /XN
/XN(message)~(location)~ Displays prompt in the control panel, accepts a
label or number from keyboard & puts it in location
Ranges are specified using an anchor and a free cell.
Ranges are always rectangular in shape.
With movement keys:
1. Move the cell indicator to the start cell of the range and press [.].
2. Move the cell indicator to the end cell. Use any movement key.
3. Enter the range.
Explicit addressing:
Type the cell address of the anchor cell. Type [.] then the address of
end cell. Enter the range.
With Range Names:
In response to a command prompt, type in a range name. Press [F3] to
choose from a list of existing range names.
Changing the Start Cell:
Press [.] to rotate the start cell to the next corner
in a clockwise direction.
[Delete], [Escape] and [Closed Apple] [Escape] may be used during range
creation to backstep the process. [Escape] "unexpands" the range and
returns to the anchor cell. [Delete] unexpands the range and returns
to the current cell. [Closed Apple][Escape] ends ranging.
These commands are used to rearrange your worksheet once some data has been
entered. Copy duplicates the contents of one cell or range to others and is
useful for proliferating data through the sheet. Move rearranges sheet data.
bels and formulas. Copying labels or plain
values is the most straight forward. First a "From" (source) range or cell is
specified followed by a destination "To". It is important to note that Copy
erases the previous contents of the cell. When copying formulas you should
be aware of absolute, relative and mixed cell addresses. If you use an
absolute cell address the formula is transferred to the new cell still
referencing the same locations. With a relative cell address the formula
values change according to their new location. Mixed cell addresses in a
formula are a combination of absolute and relative references. The absolute
part of a mixed cell address remains the same and the relative part changes.
Move transfers the contents of a cell or range to a new location. Moving cell
entries is just like picking them up from one location and placing them at
another. Remember the destination will be overwritten. These are powerful
commands and should be used with care.
The menu is organized in a hierarchy of commands. Start by typing [/].
Menu commands may be chosen by either using the arrow keys then
[Return] or by typing the first letter of a selection. To retreat
to the previous menu level press [Esc]. To exit directly type
[Closed Apple][Escape]. The Professional's most powerful commands are
accessed through the menu tree.
Worksheet Governs large-scale changes affecting the worksheet
Global Affecting entire worksheet
Format Sets defaulted display for worksheet values
Label-prefix Sets defaulted alignment for worksheet labels
Column-width Sets column width for all worksheet columns
Recalculation Controls calculation sequencing
Protection Enables protection of worksheet cells
Default Sets default values for directory and printer
Directory Sets current Directory
Printer Sets Print configurations
Update Saves updated Default commands
Status Displays status of Default commands
Insert Inserts columns or rows
Delete Deletes columns or rows
Column-width Changes the width of one column
Erase Erases worksheet contents and goes to initial settings
Titles Creates or erases worksheet titles
Window Splits or clears split window
Status Displays worksheet settings and available memory
Range Governs Range menu and range-specific commands
Format Sets display format for range values
Label-prefix Sets default alignment for range labels
Erase Erases contents of range cells, keeps formats
Name Governs range naming
Labels Names one-celled ranges using label cells
Justify Sets ragged right margin for a series of labels
Protect Protects range cells when global protection is enabled
Unprotect Turns off protection of range cells
Input Limits movement to input cells which are unprotected
File Names and Disk Prefixes:
VIP stores files by combining the prefix specified in the Worksheet Global
Default Directory command with pathname entered. To save a file to another
path ignoring the default prefix, precede the filename with a slash '/'.
For example, /Budgets/Data saves the file DATA.WKS to the volume /Budgets
ingoring the default prefix. Filenames may consist of letters and numbers.
Three types of files are created: Print, Graph and Worksheet.
When a file is saved, a file name extension of the appropriate type is added.
A file ending in ".prn" contains printer ready information, ".gph" a graph,
".wks" a worksheet.
File File management except for saving graph and print files
Retrieve Retrieves a worksheet file
Save Saves a worksheet file
Combine Combines Entire-file or Named-range of saved worksheet
eXtract Extracts and saves a portion of current worksheet file
List Lists all files of a specified type on disk
Import Brings standard ASCII print files to current worksheet
Directory Changes current disk and directory (prefix)
These commands allow for the controlled printing of a worksheet and the saving
of a print file. Printing of graphs is done separately by the GraphPrint
program.
Printer Sends prepared copy to printer
File Saves prepared copy in a print file
Range Selects a range for printing
Line Adds a line between printings
Page Adds the rest of a page between printings
Options Governs print options
Header Creates a header
Footer Creates a footer
Margins Sets margin widths
Borders Selects rows and columns from the worksheet as borders
Set-up Adds control characters to manage printing
Page-length Sets the number of lines per page
Other Commands for documentation and formatting
As-Displayed Prints worksheet as is
Cell-formulas Prints the cell contents of all non-blank cells
Options
Formatted Prints according to the options chosen
Unformatted Prints without headers, footers or page breaks.
Clear Selectively cancels print specifications
Align Informs VIP that the paper is aligned in the printer
Go Executes the print of print file save
Graphics are featured on the VIP Professional making use of the Apple //'s
colors and screen resolution. Here are the tools available to create your
picture of a thousand words:
Type Select Bar, Stacked-Bar, Pie, Line or XY Graph style
X Specifies the X range
A-F Choose data ranges
Reset Selectively cancel graph settings
View Draw most recent graph on screen
Save Save graph in graph file
Name Governs commands for naming graph settings
Create Names a group of graph settings
Use Retrieves and draws a graph using named graph settings
Delete Cancels one group of named graph settings
Reset Cancels all groups of named graph settings
Options Governs commands for graph options
Legend Creates legends
Format Sets format for XY and Line graphs
Grid Displays or removes grid lines
Color Uses color for contrast between data ranges
B&W Uses patterns to contrast data ranges
Data-labels Chooses a range to act as labels for data points
Titles Choose main, X or Y axis titles for a graph
Scale Sets scale to automatic or manual, chooses a skip factor
Format Chooses format for scale numbers
These commands govern database creation and use. Common operations used in
conjunction with a database are query, sort and statistical analyses.
Fill............Fills a range sequentially given a set increment
Table...........Creates tables to show affects of changes in input cells
Query...........Uses criteria to search for information in database
Sort............Sorts database using primary and/or secondary key fields
Distribution....Finds frequency distribution for a range of values
These Dox were extracted from VIP Pro side 2....pathname '/PRO/OVLY/HELPDATA'
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Owl \ /
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