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TACHYON2.ASC
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The Tachyon Field
In early 1982 an article was published in the magazine "raum & zeit"
(Space & Time). This article talked about the significance of the
Tachyon Field, both as a practical explanation of the phenomenon of
gravity as well as possibly being able to bring about the production
of unlimited, inexpensive, usable energy.
At the time of its publication this article was already two years
old. Numberous readers experessed the opinion that the article was
quite easy to comprehend. Hence I take the liberty to include it
here (Dr. Nieper's Revolution in Technology, Medicine and Society,
published in English in May, 1985).
It attempted to explain anew the previous comments from another
perspective, so that the general understanding was enhanced by a
form of "stereo principle." The article has been left unchanged,
except for some minor additions.
"The Leaning Tower of Pisa has not disclosed its secret to this
date: that is, why was the object dropped by Signore Galilei,
accelerated towards the ground at 9.81 m/sec? Today we call this a
gravity effect and gravitational acceleration.
Popularly, it is known as "Earth attraction" (Erdanziehung). This
popular concept is very confusing and apparently has also confused
some distinguished scientists. One thing is certain-gravitational
acceleration is certainly NOT an 'attraction' phenomenon.
It is generated by a PUSH or PRESSURE-based mechanism which will
have to be analyzed in detail.
"While human science has made significant progress in many areas of
physics, especially atomic physics, research into gravity has
obvously remained one of physics' stepchildren.
"It would seem that theoretical physics has, or at least has shown,
great inadequacies in its intellectual faculties in this context.
"To date, classical physical theory assumes that universal space is
filled with masses distributed throughout it, and that they, in
turn, are composed of atoms. These masses would include the suns,
planets, moons, asteroids and other bodies freely traveling through
space, such as comets and small particles.
The second reality recognized throughout universal space is the
electromagnetic field, mostly in the form of the visible light
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spectrum, as well as X-rays and shorter wavelength variations of the
electromagnetic field.
As is known, light is generated by the suns, and its overall
distribution through space is very weak, if we disregard locations
close to the suns. In the vicinity of the Sun, the energy content
of light can be quite high as everyone knows. However, this view of
the universe, which is still held, to a large extent, by orthodox
physics, is, upon closer inspection, no longer sufficient to explain
the extraordinarily important phenomenon of the acceleration of
gravity. The British physicist, Dr. Rendle, has compiled
approximately 60 different statements by distinguished physicists
starting with Newton in the 17th Century, up to today.
In practically all instances, it is apparent that we have foundered
in our attempts at explaining gravitational acceleration. The most
interesting and to this day the most modern, statements on this
topic still come from Newton, at the end of the 17th Century! He
said that the mutual interaction between bodies is to be admitted,
and that their explanation would be possible only in the future. He
also stated that he was certain that the capability for a body to be
accelerated by gravity was not a property of the body itself. It
was based on a physically yet-to-be-discovered RELATION BETWEEN THE
BODIES.
As is known, the classical laws of gravitational acceleration came
from Newton (gravitational acceleration is proportional to the mass,
and inversely proportional to the square of the distance.) However,
Newton provided no description or explanation as to why bodies
accelerate towards each other, or why there are gravitational
effects.
The same is true of Einstein. In his general theory of relativity
of 1916, he describes gravitational effects in terms of the theory
of relativity. In his subsequent biography, 'Aus meinen spaten
Jahren' (Out of my Later Years), he expresses doubts as to his
capacity to ultimately explain gravitational effects. On March 28,
1949, on the occasion of his 70th birthday, Einstein wrote to his
friend Solovine '...there is not a single concept of which I am
certain it will stand the test of time. And I am not certain that I
am even on the right track..'
"These remarks are important because there are many physicists, more
or less imprisoned by conventional theory, who quote Einstein to
counter the upcoming modern concepts regarding gravitational
effects.
"Interaction of large forces between masses in space is conceivable
only through:
a) the action of a very energy-rich field in space, and
b) the explanation of gravitational acceleration as a push or
thrust phenomena, because only pressure or push phenomenon
can be exerted in space by electromagnetic fields or other
conceivable forms of energy.
"An 'attraction' such as 'gravitational attraction' or 'Earth
attraction' DOES NOT EXIST. In turn, the generation of a pushing
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effect is conceivable only if the pushing pressure between the two
bodies to be accelerated towards each other is smaller than that
acting outside the two.
This again is conceivable only if the body 'shields' the field
intensity impinging on it in each case, so that bodies moving
towards each other are accelerated into the shielding shadow.
The beginnings of this concept date back to the arly part of this
century. During the 20's and the 30's, physicists such as Levetzow,
Stanyukowiz, and Shneiderov dealt with this concept. The general
conception was that universal space was filled with energy-rich
charges, designated as gravitons, for instance, which impinge on a
body. They are partially absorbed in the body, and then are
reflected at a decreased rate.
This energy gradient would explain the gravitational acceleration at
the surface of such bodies. Another scientist, Nieper, developed a
different concept back in 1953, namely that of the total penetration
of the body, although this required very energy-rich gravitational
fields or 'gravity gravitons.' Certain data gathered by NASA during
circumlunar navigation by satellites in 1967-71 favored such a
theory.
In 1970, the American physicist Stokes, called Nieper's theory the
'shielding theory.' In 1972, the well-known physicist Stuhlinger,
working at the time with Wernher von Braun in Huntsville, Alabama,
expressed the idea that the shielding theory could be explained by
the effects of a Tachyon Field, whose properties had been described
in 1966 by physicist Feinberg.
"In the following period, Nieper was able to explain several
important observations related to gravitational phenomena in terms
of the shielding theory. This includes for example, the conditions
on Earth at the time of the dinosaurs. The habits of these
behemoths could be explained only if the acceleration of gravity on
Earth was approximately 0.3 g (300 g for 1 liter of water) and not 1
g, as it is today.
If the DENSITY of the irradiating Feinberg field were to INCREASE,
the gravitational acceleration of a body such as Earth would
DECREASE.
A deviation in the mass of the planet Jupiter and its moons (of
approximately 25%, according to Nieper and in the range of 24% to
41% according to NASA data) can be explained in the same manner.
The renowned Dutch physicist Kooy has independently developed a
gravitational theory identical to the above, except that he, in
contrast to Nieper, also provided a mathematical framework.
Kooy also assumes that bodies in universal space are penetrated by a
very energy-rich graviton or Tachyon Field (Feinberg field), FROM
ALL DIRECTIONS IN SPACE and TOWARDS ALL DIRECTIONS IN SPACE. This
property is called ISOTROPY. Thus, the conduction of gravitational
fields is somehow of infinite velocity. Kooy has written some
important papers on this.
"In Nieper's opinion, one of the most important phenomena in gravity
Page 3
research is the so-called Magyary phenomenon. It was found by the
Hungarian engineer Magyary in 1961, during measurements of a solar
eclipse.
The measurements were performed in Budapest using a radio antenna
atop a transmission tower, and simultaneously controlled elsewhere
by a government authority. In contrast to expectations, it was
discovered that, at the peak of the eclipse, 'the Sun deprived the
Moon of part of its mass effect on the Earth.'
This means that, during this eclipse, the gravitational effect of
the Moon on Earth was smaller. This phenomenon is fundamentally
opposed to the laws of Newton and Einstein, as are some other
measurements, for example, the tests performed by the American
physicist Saxl with a torsion pendulum.
"Modern gravitation scientists believe that any gravitation theory
unable to explain the Magyary phenomenon is either deficient, or
wrong. Nieper's explanation of the Magyary phenomenon is that the
Feinberg field density increases in the direction of the sun.
Hence the moon, in a corresponding position, may be more strongly
irradiated, and absorbs (shields) a smaller percentage of energy.
Therefore its gravitational effect becomes smaller.
And incidentally, there are reliable indications that heating in the
interior of the planets-in the case of Earth, we call it geothermal
heat-is generated by the conversion of braking gravitational
radiation. In that sense geothermal energy will be trapped
gravitational energy that is constantly renewed from the outside.
The presumed phenomenon of density increase of the Feinberg field
towards the Sun is explained by stating that the Feinberg field
irradiating from the outside is completely absorbed in the Sun-thus
also releasing considerable energy-and that simulataneously the Sun
generates a new kind of Feinberg or Tachyon Field.
( Newer studies have shown that approximately only one-third of
the Sun's light energy can originate in fusion processes, while
the larger portion of the light energy must come from a field of
energy of a different kind. )
Upon emission from the Sun, this field is very dense, and is, on the
average, slower than the field irradiating the Sun from the outside.
In fact, the peak velocity of the tachyons on the way from the Sun
to the Earth seems to exceed that of light only slightly.
Nieper calls this Feinberg field radiated by the Sun, and
particularly dense around it, the 'perisolar cushion field.'
Several important phenomena can be explained by this theory,
especially the heating of the planet Venus. As is known, this
heating was explained by the so-called greenhouse effect of the very
dense Venusian atmosphere. Based on the experimental data released
by NASA, Nieper has contested this from the very beginning, in
contrast to many NASA scientists. Nieper was later proven to be
possibly correct ('Science', 18 January 1980, pp. 289-293).
( The important complex of data, transmitted until mid-1984 by the
Page 4
two Russian space modules in Venusian orbit, supports, to a
great extent, the hothouse concept of Venus, and largely
disproves the greenhouse concept (see science report on Venera
15 and 16 spacecraft orbiting Venus in "Venusian Geology Coming
into Focus", by Richard A. Kerr, in "Science", 18 May 1984, pp.
702-703 )
The collapse of the greenhouse theory as an explanation of the high
Venus temperature is considered a decisive 'nail test' for the
possible correctness of the shielding theory. The concepts of the
perisolar cushion theory also explain why probably NO GRAVITATIONAL
EFFECTS OCCUR ON THE SUN'S SURFACE, as seems probable from the
dynamics of eruption from the solar surface. It has also been
observed that slowly-cooling double stars DRAW NEARER to each other,
which also corroborates the cushion theory.
( Meanwhile it became obvious as a result of American and Russian
experiments, that the Sun must be a gaseous ball with a
homogeneous density. This is only explicable when there is NO
gravity acceleration on the surface of the Sun-surely not such a
high acceleration as would correspond to the immense mass of the
Sun. It seems that the diameter of the Sun is constantly
changing and that it may not be perfectly spherical. This has
an influence on the orbit of the planet Mercury. In the USA
this subject sparks heated discussion because this finding
stands in direct opposition to the tenants of Einstein's theory.
Only at some distance from the surface of the Sun is the
acceleration due to gravity measurable, and it then also
produces a deflection of light, as measured by Eddington. This
increase in the acceleration of gravity WITH INCREASING DISTANCE
from the Sun is explained by the dilution of the radiated
Tachyon Field in relation to the incidental field. Only the
shielding theory of gravity is in a position to explain this
phenomenon. )
The strong heating of Venus can be explained in terms of a higher
energy interception due to a higher density of the Feinberg field,
and in terms of a consequence of the limited velocity with which it
leaves the Sun. On the average, that velocity may be equal to the
velocity of light.
On the other hand, however, it has been believed, since Feinberg's
publication of 1966, that gravitons or tachyons, as they are called,
can be much faster than light. The German physicist Koppitz,
formerly active at the Max Planck Institute for Physics in Munich,
performed a very interesting calculation in this regard.
Koppitz states that the light velocity corresponds exactly to the
geometrical mean of the plotted tachyon velocities, i.e. it
represents the maximium velocity of half the tachyons (this is also
called V50).
( Moreover, the French space physicist Vallee first mentioned the
decrease in the velocity of light IN THE DIRECTION OF THE SUN
at the October, 1981, Congress in Toronto, to which this book is
also dedicated. Nor could this be any different, since the V50
of the Tachyon Field MUST DECREASE in the direction of the Sun.)
"In principle, and independently, the Dutch physicists Kooy and
Page 5
Berghuis agree with this reasoning. NASA has again released
experimental data that presuppose the application of this
understanding of the tachyon velocity.
During the study of the planet Uranus, which is very difficult and
can be done only indirectly, observations were made indicating the
probable existence of equatorial rings, similar to those we know
also float around Saturn. The published data point to the
conclusion, albeit only tentatively at this time, that we can expect
a considerable mass deviation.
Its ballistically calculated average density is 1.3, while in
reality, compared to Earth conditions, it could be approximately 5.
This deviation is most readily explained by assuming that tachyons
are much faster, in the range of Uranus' orbit, than near Earth or
Venus and therefore have a much higher 'penetration power.' This
would reduce the acceleration of gravity on Uranus, which could
explain its mass of deviation.
This would also mean, if we apply the Koppitz model, that the
velocity of light is faster near Uranus than near Earth. To measure
this would, of course, be difficult, since the measurement time
would become as relativistic as the light velocity itself. If, for
instance, it were twice as high as near Earth, then time could
conceivably pass twice as fast, so that a measurement would show no
deviation.
Jupiter's mass deviation, as assumed by Nieper based on elements of
the shielding theory, could possibly also be explained in terms of a
higher Tachyon Field velocity in the range of Jupiter's orbit. Data
currently known for the outer Jupiter moons Ganymede and Callistro,
which are said to have an average density of approximately 1.9 based
on ballistic calculations, lead us to expect a mass deviation of
41%.
"Professor Seike urgently recommended placing instruments on either
Jupiter's or Saturn's moons, to measure the velocity of light there.
In analogy to Nieper, he expects CONSIDERABLE DEVIATIONS (in the
speed of light).
"The range in which the Feinberg field radiated by the Sun (the
perisolar cushion field) mixes with the very high-velocity Feinberg
field irradiating the Sun from the outside, is called the MERGING
ZONE. It is assumed that the Earth orbit is preferentially within
this merging zone.
"With an average density of 3.3, Earth's moon probably has a
composition similar to that of the outer Jupiter moons. Koppitz,
Reed and some other physicists have speculated on the possible
nature of the tachyons which isotropically penetrate all masses in
space from all directions and in all directions.
Unanimously they assume a PULSATING UNIT that hides its energy
content in its pulsating power. This model thus deviates from that
of the electromagnetic wave. TACHYONS INTERACT WITH MATTER, and not
in the manner indicated in quantum physics. They can release their
energy gradually, WITHOUT STEPS (a so-called elastic relation).
This characteristic is unanimously accepted by Kooy, Nieper, the
Americans Mead and Reed, and some other physicists.
Page 6
"The energy content of the Feinberg field is extraordinarily high.
The famous physicist de Broglie already assumed an energy content in
space of 10 to the 26th power Joules/liter.
In Nieper's view, the Feinberg travelling field near Earth is strong
enough that, due to its penetration of Earth, it loses only 4% to 6%
of its energy content, and this is converted into geothermal heat.
This could be an underestimation. For the layman, there are
extraordinarily high energy concentrations.
"It must be mentioned in this context that probably only a small
portion of the tachyons travel fast enough to be considered relevant
to the generation of gravitational phenomena.
Today we know with certainty that the predominant portion of the
high energy Tachyon Field 'remains in place.' In this particular
case, we therefore also mention bradyons.
"The Japanese scientist, Seike, mentions a tension of 880 MILLION
VOLTS PER CENTIMETER for the Feinberg field!
It is assumed that the traveling Tachyon Fields are hardly slowed
down by masses, and yet have a moment (the gravitational
acceleration) and/or generate heat (geothermal heat). They are also
braked by strong magnetic and electric fields.
For instance, the inner moon IO, of Jupiter's moon system, is
subjected to very strong magnetic induction. This moon is obviously
very hot in its interior and has strong volcanic activity. This is
in spite of the fact that its size is only that of Earth's moon.
Nieper explains this heating effect as a consequence of the high
braking effect, of the strong magnetic induction generated from
Jupiter into the mass of IO, on the Feinberg field. It has been
accepted that all other attempted explanations by physicists of the
heating of IO are inadequate.
"The American physicist, Townsend Brown, at the University of North
Carolina was the first to prove, in systematic experiments, the
emission of a THRUST MOMENT due to gravitational field radiation, in
the direction of the POSITIVE charge of a condenser. Based on this
principle, he built machines capable of flying. Perhaps one can
rightfully say that these are the first flying saucers built on
Earth.
It was also observed that abrupt condenser discharges with a very
high voltage gradient, especially in a defined, rhythmic manner, are
equally suited to removing energy or moment from the Feinberg field.
Thus, this COULD BE AN INDICATION of the beginning of TECHNICAL
EXPLOITATION of energy from the Feinberg field, an energy that may
be FREE and UNLIMITED.
"A substantial theoretical foundation for this technology again
comes from Nieper, and is contained in the shielding theory. He
postulates that all so-called natural accelerations are subjected to
the same basic principle: that all are 'tachyon interceptive.'
In other words, the acceleration of gravity, electromagnetic and
Page 7
electrostatic acceleration, and the so-called radiesthetic
acceleration ( of the divining rod ), are a common, fundamental
phenomenon.
Accordingly, the electric motor does not work because an
electromagnetic field is built up in it. It works because the
electromagnetic field exerts an INTERCEPTIVE ACTION on the Feinberg
field RADIATING THROUGH IT.
"The electromagnetic field produced as such would have no effect.
This theoretical concept states that possibly the various different
methods of exerting an interceptive effect on gravitational
radiation are interchangeable and, above all, that they can be
optimized, possibly well beyond an efficiency of 100%.
In fact, existing experimental data confirm this concept. An
electric motor built eight years ago by the American, Gray, to the
coil system of which is connected a rhythmic condenser discharge
(not an electric field), apparently already has exceeded an
efficiency of 100%. That is, it produces more energy than it
requires for its operation.
Naturally this is no 'perpetual mobile', since the 'excess' energy
comes from the GRAVITATIONAL STRESSING FIELD. The systematic
experimental series presented by the Japanese Seike and his
collaborator Cho are absolutely fascinating.
Seike does not, in accordance with conventional customs, send an
electric field THROUGH the coils surrounding an iron core, so as to
generate a magnetic effect. Rather he 'TRAPS' the ELECTRIC FIELD,
which is possible by means of a special winding, called the
'Kleinean Bottle.'
Thus he generated an extraordinarily energy-rich tachyon beam, from
minimal input power, by means of which he can cut metals and stone,
with the exception of mica. (Why is Mica not affected by this
Tachyon Beam?) This tachyon beam is called the 'Seike Beam' today.
Incidentally , the human eye may also be able to produce such a
Seike phenomenon-if we may call it that. This would explain why Uri
Geller is capable of bending silver spoons with only a glance.
"The stone melting processes in the Seike-ray, as well as those of
the spoon handle under Uri Geller's eyes, were observed
INDEPENDENTLY OF A TEMPERATURE INCREASE.
Instead, the concentration of the tachyon concentration led to
SPATIAL CHANGES OF THE ATOM, which caused corresponding changes in
the material's strengths.
"The German engineer Schaffranke, the youngest of the German
technicians who worked with Wernher von Braun, has the great merit
of having collected and identified numerous experiments in the field
of gravitational energy conversion which could not be explained IN
THEIR TIME.
Schaffranke, as well as Nieper, calls the principle of converting
gravitational field energy (or gravity stressing energy) 'Feinberg
conversion', which technically, of course, is not properly defined.
Page 8
However, for the sake of simplicity, and in recognition of
Feinberg's achievement, the term apparently will find popular use.
According to Schaffranke, it was experimentally possible, already in
1880,
AS SHOWN BY THE PHYSICIST KEELY,
to convert Feinberg energy into electrical current.
"Another experimenter, Hendershot, was similarly successful. And
very impressive indeed are Dr. Moray's experiments in Salt Lake
City, over several decades, from 1920 to 1960. A thick insulated
cable, the so-called antenna which was displayed in the garden, was
connected to the convertor and extracted continuous useable
electrical energy of up to 70 KW. The validity of the attempts was
verified by competent neutral investigators.
However, at the time, considering the prevailing physical views of
the universe, they were entirely unexplainable. "Today there is no
doubt that the so-called Feinberg conversion is feasible, that
unlimited, inexpensive energy can be produced and that Feinberg
conversions usher in an entirely new area of technology and
civilization.
"The discovery that energy can be obtained from the gravitational
field does not arrive a minute too early. If humanity-which, based
on current energy technology is approaching certain disaster-once
more escapes, then it can thank the scientists mentioned above for
the escape.
"It is entirely mistaken to believe that environmental problems can
be solved by saving energy. To the contrary, restoration of order
to our already heavily damaged environment will require an enormous
amount of additional energy, and an energy that does not entail
pollution.
"It is also erroneous to believe humanity could live in peace with
an energy shortage or with expensive energy. It is not the price
and the shortage of energy which would alone determine mankind's
destiny.
It is the CONVERGENCE of social problems, population explosion, and
energy shortage shortage ACTING TOGETHER."
( This concludes the January 1982 artical
in "raum & zeit" 'Space and Time' )
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Raum and Zeit is published in Germany and also in the United States.
The following is a letter announcing the publication of the magazine
in an English edition.
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Dear Reader,
raum & zeit has long been recognized as one of Europe's leading
scientific journals, one which is not afraid to publish
controversial material. It is a journal recognized and much
referred to by Academies of Sciences. One of the major objectives
of this English version of raum & zeit is to bring to the U.S.A.
many European publications on research in a variety of scientific
disciplines.
Page 9
The language barrier that exists between the U.S.A. and
continental Europe has always been and still is a major handicap for
those who do not speak the languages of the Old World. This has
already resulted in major disadvantages for scientific progress in
the U.S.A. raum & zeit will attempt to do something about this.
This journal will be written in such a way that those not familiar
with any of the sciences can understand what is being said.
Knowledge must be available to everybody.
raum & zeit will publish articles in a wide realm of
disciplines, including allopathic medicine, natural medicine,
physics, chemistry, acupuncture, engineering, politics (related to
the sciences) and invites everybody who has questions to ask, or
articles to publish, to write to the Managing Editor. As said
before, we are a very open minded journal, not afraid to question,
because only continuous questioning of everything and everybody will
lead to absolute truth. It is also essential that every issue is
looked at from as many sides as possible. We are convinced that by
rejoining the many separated specialized sciences the complete
picture can be regained.
raum & zeit will appear every 2 months and will be available at
the newsstand for $12.50 per issue. Subscriptions are invited and
will cost $59.00 per year.
Chrystyne M. Jackson, Managing Editor
P.O. Box 3370
San Clemente, California
92672 U.S.A.
Tele : 714-240-3775
FAX : 714-493-9759
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