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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) M. Barnes
Request for Comments: 7131
Category: Informational F. Audet
ISSN: 2070-1721 Skype
S. Schubert
NTT
H. van Elburg
Detecon International Gmbh
C. Holmberg
Ericsson
March 2014
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) History-Info Header Call Flow Examples
Abstract
This document describes use cases and documents call flows that
require the History-Info header field to capture the Request-URIs as
a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Request is retargeted. The use
cases are described along with the corresponding call flow diagrams
and messaging details.
Status of This Memo
This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
published for informational purposes.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents
approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet
Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7131.
Barnes, et al. Informational [Page 1]
RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Overview ........................................................2
2. Conventions and Terminology .....................................3
3. Detailed Call Flows .............................................3
3.1. Sequentially Forking (History-Info in Response) ............3
3.2. History-Info with Privacy Header Field ....................11
3.3. Privacy for a Specific History-Info Entry .................16
3.4. Automatic Call Distribution ...............................20
3.5. Determining the Alias Used ................................27
3.6. PBX Voicemail Example .....................................29
3.7. Consumer Voicemail Example ................................35
3.8. GRUU ......................................................41
3.9. Limited-Use Address .......................................44
3.10. Service Invocation .......................................47
3.11. Toll-Free Number .........................................48
4. Security Considerations ........................................51
5. Acknowledgements ...............................................51
6. Informative References .........................................51
1. Overview
Many services that use SIP require the ability to determine why and
how the call arrived at a specific application. The use cases
provided in this document illustrate the use of the History-Info
header [RFC7044], for example, applications and common scenarios.
The optional "rc" and "mp" header field parameters defined in
[RFC7044] are required for several of the use cases. Descriptions of
the example use cases, call flow diagrams, and messaging details are
provided.
Barnes, et al. Informational [Page 2]
RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
2. Conventions and Terminology
The term "retarget" is used as defined in [RFC7044]. The terms
"location service", "redirect", and "address-of-record (AOR)" are
used consistent with the terminology in [RFC3261].
3. Detailed Call Flows
The scenarios in this section provide sample use cases for the
History-Info header for informational purposes only. They are not
intended to be normative. In many cases, only the relevant messaging
details are included in the body of the call flow.
3.1. Sequentially Forking (History-Info in Response)
This scenario highlights an example where the History-Info in the
response is useful to an application or user that originated the
request.
Alice sends a call to Bob via sip:example.com. The proxy
sip:example.com sequentially tries Bob on a SIP User Agent (UA) that
has bound a contact with the sip:bob@example.com AOR, and then
several alternate addresses (Office and Home) unsuccessfully before
sending a response to Alice. The hi-entry containing the initial
contact is the hi-entry just prior to the first hi-entry tagged with
an "rc" header field parameter. In this example, the Office and Home
are not the same AOR as sip:bob@example.com, but rather different
AORs that have been configured as alternate addresses for Bob in the
proxy. In other words, Office and Home are not bound through SIP
Registration with Bob's AOR. This type of arrangement is common, for
example, when a "routing" rule to a Public Switched Telephone Network
(PSTN) number is manually configured in a proxy. These hi-entries
are identified by the index contained in the hi-target-param "mp"
header field parameter in the hi-entries.
This scenario illustrates that by providing the History-Info to
Alice, the end-user, or an application at Alice could make a decision
on how best to attempt finding Bob without sending multiple requests
to the same destination. Upon receipt of the response containing the
History-Info entries, the Request-URIs for the History-Info entries
tagged with an "mp" header field parameter are extracted. Those
Request-URIs can be compared to other URIs (if any) that might be
attempted in order to establish the session with Bob. This results
in avoiding the sending of another INVITE to Bob's home phone.
Without this mechanism, Alice might well attempt to reach Bob at his
office phone, which would then retarget the request to Bob's home
phone. When that attempt failed, then Alice might attempt to reach
Bob directly at his home phone, unknowingly for a third time.
Barnes, et al. Informational [Page 3]
RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
Alice example.com Bob Office Home
| | | | |
| INVITE F1 | | | |
|----------->| INVITE F2 | | |
| |----------------->| | |
| 100 Trying F3 | | |
|<-----------| 302 Move Temporarily F4 | |
| |<-----------------| | |
| | ACK F5 | | |
| |----------------->| | |
| | INVITE F6 | |
| |-------------------------->| |
| | 180 Ringing F7 | |
| |<--------------------------| |
| 180 Ringing F8 | |
|<-----------| retransmit INVITE | |
| |-------------------------->| |
| | ( timeout ) | |
| | INVITE F9 |
| |----------------------------------->|
| | 100 Trying F10 |
| |<-----------------------------------|
| | 486 Busy Here F11 |
| |<-----------------------------------|
| 486 Busy Here F12 |
|<-----------| ACK F13 |
| |----------------------------------->|
| ACK F14 | |
|----------->| |
Figure 1: Example with Sequential Forking
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RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
Message Details
F1 INVITE Alice -> example.com
INVITE sip:bob@example.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
Max-Forwards: 70
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=sr3dds
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
F2 INVITE example.com -> Bob
INVITE sip:bob@192.0.2.4 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKx3st
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
Max-Forwards: 69
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=sr3dds
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Record-Route: <sip:proxy.example.com;lr>
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.4>;index=1.1;rc=1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
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RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
F3 100 Trying example.com -> Alice
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=sr3dds
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F4 302 Moved Temporarily Bob -> example.com
SIP/2.0 302 Moved Temporarily
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKx3st
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=sr3dds
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=es43sd
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.4>;index=1.1;rc=1
Contact: <sip:office@example.com>;mp=1
Content-Length: 0
F5 ACK example.com -> Bob
ACK sip:bob@example.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKx3st
Max-Forwards: 70
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=sr3dds
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=es43sd
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
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RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
F6 INVITE example.com -> office
INVITE sip:office@192.0.2.5 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKx4st
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
Max-Forwards: 69
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=sr3dds
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
Record-Route: <sip:proxy.example.com;lr>
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.4?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302>;\
index=1.1;rc=1
History-Info: <sip:office@example.com>;index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:office@192.0.2.5>;index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
F7 180 Ringing office -> example.com
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKx4st
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=sr3dds
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=53rdds
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
Record-Route: <sip:proxy.example.com;lr>
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.4?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302>;\
index=1.1;rc=1
History-Info: <sip:office@example.com>;index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:office@192.0.2.5>;index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact: Office <sip:office@192.0.2.5>
Content-Length: 0
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RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
F8 180 Ringing example.com -> Alice
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=sr3dds
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=53rdds
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
Record-Route: <sip:proxy.example.com;lr>
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.4?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302>;\
index=1.1;rc=1
History-Info: <sip:office@example.com>;index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:office@192.0.2.5>;index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact: Office <sip:office@192.0.2.5>
Content-Length: 0
F9 INVITE example.com -> home
INVITE sip:home@192.0.2.6 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKx5st
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
Max-Forwards: 69
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=sr3dds
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
Record-Route: <sip:proxy.example.com;lr>
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.4?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302>;\
index=1.1;rc=1
History-Info: <sip:office@example.com?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D408>;\
index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:office@192.0.2.5?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D408>;\
index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
History-Info: <sip:home@example.com>;index=1.3;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:home@192.0.2.6>;index=1.3.1;rc=1.3
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
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RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
F10 100 Trying home -> example.com
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKx5st
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=sr3dds
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F11 486 Busy Here home -> example.com
SIP/2.0 486 Busy Here
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKx5st
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=sr3dds
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=55rdds
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.4?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302>;\
index=1.1;rc=1
History-Info: <sip:office@example.com?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D408>;\
index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:office@192.0.2.5?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D408>;\
index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
History-Info: <sip:home@example.com>;index=1.3;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:home@192.0.2.6>;index=1.3.1;rc=1.3
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
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RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
F12 486 Busy Here example.com -> Alice
SIP/2.0 486 Busy Here
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=sr3dds
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=55rdds
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.4?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302>;\
index=1.1;rc=1
History-Info: <sip:office@example.com?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D408>;\
index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:office@192.0.2.5?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D408>;\
index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
History-Info: <sip:home@example.com>;index=1.3;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:home@192.0.2.6>;index=1.3.1;rc=1.3
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
F13 ACK example.com -> home
ACK sip:home@192.0.2.6 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKx5st
Max-Forwards: 70
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=sr3dds
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=55rdds
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
F14 ACK Alice -> example.com
ACK sip:bob@example.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
Max-Forwards: 70
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=sr3dds
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=55rdds
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
Route: <sip:proxy.example.com;lr>
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
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RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
3.2. History-Info with Privacy Header Field
This is an example of the use of the Privacy header field with a
value of "history" added by an intermediary. The intermediary
responsible for the biloxi.example.com domain adds a Privacy header
field with a value of "history" indicating that all the History-Info
header field information is anonymized outside the biloxi.example.com
domain.
Alice atlanta.example.com biloxi.example.com Bob Work Bob Home
| | | | |
| INVITE F1 | | | |
|------------>| | | |
| | | | |
| | INVITE F2 | | |
| |--------------->| | |
| | | | |
| | | INVITE F3 | |
| | |---------------->| |
| | |302 Move Temporarily F4 |
| | |<----------------| |
| | | ACK F5 | |
| | |---------------->| |
| | | | |
| | | INVITE F6 | |
| | |--------------------------->|
| | | 200 F7 | |
| | |<---------------------------|
| | | | |
| | 200 F8 | | |
| |<---------------| | |
| | | | |
| 200 F9 | | | |
|<------------| | | |
| | | | |
| | ACK | | |
|---------------------------------------------------------->|
| | | | |
Figure 2: Example with Privacy Header Fields
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RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
Message Details
F1 INVITE Alice -> atlanta.example.com
INVITE sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
Max-Forwards: 70
From: Alice <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=22
To: Bob <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Privacy: history
Call-ID: 12345600@atlanta.example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
F2 INVITE atlanta.example.com -> biloxi.example.com
INVITE sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.atlanta.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKbst2
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
Max-Forwards: 69
From: Alice <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=22
To: Bob <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@atlanta.example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1.1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
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RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
F3 INVITE biloxi.example.com -> Bob Work
INVITE sip:bob@192.0.1.11 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.biloxi.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKgs33
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.atlanta.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKbst2;\
received=192.0.2.3
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
Max-Forwards: 68
From: Alice <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=22
To: Bob <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>
Privacy: history
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@atlanta.example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1.1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.1.11>;index=1.1.1;rc=1.1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
F4 302 Moved Temporarily Bob Work -> biloxi.example.com
SIP/2.0 302 Moved Temporarily
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.biloxi.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKgs33;\
received=192.0.2.102
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.atlanta.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKbst2;\
received=192.0.2.3
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
From: Alice <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=22
To: Bob <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>;tag=11
Privacy: history
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@atlanta.example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1.1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.1.11>;index=1.1.1;rc=1.1
Contact: Bob Home <sip:bob@192.0.1.15>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
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RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
F5 ACK biloxi.example.com -> Bob Work
ACK sip:bob@192.0.1.11 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.biloxi.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKgs33
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.atlanta.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKbst2;\
received=192.0.2.3
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
Max-Forwards: 68
From: Alice <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=22
To: Bob <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>;tag=11
Call-ID: 12345600@atlanta.example.com
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
F6 INVITE biloxi.example.com -> Bob Home
INVITE sip:bob@192.0.1.15 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.biloxi.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKgs32
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.atlanta.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKbst2;\
received=192.0.2.3
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
Max-Forwards: 68
From: Alice <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=22
To: Bob <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>
Privacy: history
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@atlanta.example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1.1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.1.11?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302>;\
index=1.1.1;rc=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.1.15>;index=1.1.2
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
Barnes, et al. Informational [Page 14]
RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
F7 200 OK Bob -> biloxi.example.com
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.biloxi.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKgs32;\
received=192.0.2.101
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.atlanta.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKbst2;\
received=192.0.2.3
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
From: Alice <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=22
To: Bob <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>;tag=33
Privacy: history
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@atlanta.example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1.1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.1.11?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302>;\
index=1.1.1;rc=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.1.15>;index=1.1.2;rc=1.1
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
F8 200 OK biloxi.example.com -> atlanta.example.com
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.atlanta.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKbst2;\
received=192.0.2.3
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
From: Alice <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=22
To: Bob <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>;tag=33
Privacy: history
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@atlanta.example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:anonymous@anonymous.invalid>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:anonymous@anonymous.invalid>;index=1.1
History-Info: <sip:anonymous@anonymous.invalid>;index=1.1.1;rc=1
History-Info: <sip:anonymous@anonymous.invalid>;index=1.1.2;rc=1.1
Contact: Bob <sip:bob@192.0.1.11>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
Barnes, et al. Informational [Page 15]
RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
F9 200 OK atlanta.example.com -> Alice
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
From: Alice <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=22
To: Bob <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>;tag=33
Privacy: history
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@atlanta.example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:anonymous@anonymous.invalid>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:anonymous@anonymous.invalid>;index=1.1
History-Info: <sip:anonymous@anonymous.invalid>;index=1.1.1;rc=1
History-Info: <sip:anonymous@anonymous.invalid>;index=1.1.2;rc=1.1
Contact: Bob <sip:bob@192.0.1.11>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
3.3. Privacy for a Specific History-Info Entry
This example provides a basic call scenario similar to Section 3.2;
however, due to local policy at sip:biloxi.example.com, only the
final hi-entry in the History-Info, which is Bob's local URI,
contains a privacy header field with a priv-value of "history", thus
providing Alice with some information about the history of the
request, but anonymizing Bob's local URI.
Barnes, et al. Informational [Page 16]
RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
Alice atlanta.example.com biloxi.example.com Bob
| | | |
| INVITE F1 | | |
|--------------->| | |
| | | |
| | INVITE F2 | |
| |--------------->| |
| | | |
| | | INVITE F3 |
| | |--------------->|
| | | |
| | | 200 F4 |
| | |<---------------|
| | | |
| | 200 F5 | |
| |<---------------| |
| | | |
| 200 F6 | | |
|<---------------| | |
| | | |
| | ACK | |
|------------------------------------------------->|
| | | |
Figure 3: Example with Privacy Header Field for Specific URI
Message Details
F1 INVITE Alice -> atlanta.example.com
INVITE sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
Max-Forwards: 70
From: Alice <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=22
To: Bob <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@atlanta.example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
Barnes, et al. Informational [Page 17]
RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
F2 INVITE atlanta.example.com -> biloxi.example.com
INVITE sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.atlanta.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKbst2
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
Max-Forwards: 69
From: Alice <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=22
To: Bob <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@atlanta.example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1.1;np=1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
F3 INVITE biloxi.example.com -> Bob
INVITE sip:bob@192.0.1.11 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.biloxi.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKeset
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.atlanta.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKbst2;\
received=192.0.2.101
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
Max-Forwards: 68
From: Alice <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=22
To: Bob <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@atlanta.example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1.1;np=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.1.11?Privacy=history>;index=1.1.1;rc=1.1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
Barnes, et al. Informational [Page 18]
RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
F4 200 OK Bob -> biloxi.example.com
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.biloxi.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKeset;\
received=192.0.2.5
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.atlanta.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKbst2;\
received=192.0.2.101
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
From: Alice <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=22
To: Bob <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>;tag=33
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@atlanta.example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1.1;np=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.1.11?Privacy=history>;index=1.1.1;rc=1.1
Contact: Bob <sip:bob@192.0.1.11>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
F5 200 OK biloxi.example.com -> atlanta.example.com
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.atlanta.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKbst2;\
received=192.0.2.101
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
From: Alice <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=22
To: Bob <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>;tag=33
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@atlanta.example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1.1;np=1
History-Info: <sip:anonymous@anonymous.invalid>;index=1.1.1;rc=1.1
Contact: Bob <sip:bob@192.0.1.11>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
Barnes, et al. Informational [Page 19]
RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
F6 200 OK atlanta.example.com -> Alice
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4321
From: Alice <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=22
To: Bob <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>;tag=33
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@atlanta.example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com;p=x>;index=1.1;np=1
History-Info: <sip:anonymous@anonymous.invalid>;index=1.1.1;rc=1.1
Contact: Bob <sip:bob@192.0.1.11>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
3.4. Automatic Call Distribution
This scenario highlights an example of an Automatic Call Distribution
service, where the agents are divided into groups based upon the type
of customers they handle. In this example, the Gold customers are
given higher priority than Silver customers, so a Gold call would get
serviced even if all the agents servicing the Gold group were busy,
by retargeting the request to the Silver Group for delivery to an
agent. Upon receipt of the call at the agent assigned to handle the
incoming call, based upon the History-Info header in the message, the
application at the agent can provide an indication that this is a
Gold call by extracting the hi-entry associated with the incoming
request, which is determined by locating the hi-entry whose index is
reflected in the first hi-entry with a hi-target of "mp". In the
example, this would be the hi-entry referenced by the value of the
first "mp" header field parameter, i.e., the hi-entry containing an
index of "1". An application can also determine how many groups from
which the call may have overflowed before reaching the agent, etc.,
and present the information to the agent so that the call can be
handled appropriately, i.e., "I'm so sorry for the delay, blah, blah,
blah..."
For scenarios whereby calls might overflow from the Silver to the
Gold, clearly the alternate group identification, internal routing,
or actual agent that handles the call should not be sent to UA1.
Thus, for this scenario, one would expect that the proxy would not
support the sending of the History-Info in the response, even if
requested by Alice or the proxy could anonymize the Silver related
hi-entries by adding privacy in the Silver hi-entries.
Barnes, et al. Informational [Page 20]
RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
As with the other examples, this is not a complete prescription of
how one would do this type of service but an example of a subset of
processing that might be associated with such a service. In
addition, this example does not address any aspects of agent
availability resulting in the call being sent to an agent in another
group, which might also be done via a SIP interface.
Alice example.com Gold Silver Agent
| | | | |
| INVITE F1 | | | |
|------------->| | | |
| | | | |
| | INVITE F2 | | |
| |------------->| | |
| | | | |
| | 302 Moved Temporarily F3 | |
| |<-------------| | |
| | | | |
| | ACK | | |
| |------------->| | |
| | | | |
| | INVITE F4 | | |
| |--------------------------->| |
| | | | |
| | | | INVITE F5 |
| | | |----------->|
| | | | |
| | | | 200 OK F6 |
| | | |<-----------|
| | | | |
| | 200 OK F7 | |
| |<---------------------------| |
| | | | |
| 200 OK F8 | | | |
|<-------------| | | |
| | | | |
| ACK F9 |
|------------------------------------------------------->|
Figure 4: Example for Automatic Call Distribution
Barnes, et al. Informational [Page 21]
RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
Message Details
F1 INVITE Alice -> example.com
INVITE sip:Gold@example.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
Max-Forwards: 70
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=1235
To: Gold Member Assistance <sip:Gold@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:Gold@example.com>;index=1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
F2 INVITE example.com -> Gold.example.com
INVITE sip:Gold@gold.example.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK12s4
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
Max-Forwards: 69
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=1235
To: Gold Member Assistance <sip:Gold@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:Gold@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:Gold@gold.example.com>;rc=1;index=1.1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
Barnes, et al. Informational [Page 22]
RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
F3 302 Moved Temporarily Gold.example.com -> example.com
SIP/2.0 302 Moved Temporarily
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK12s4;\
received=192.0.2.101
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=1235
To: Gold Member Assistance <sip:Gold@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:Gold@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:Gold@gold.example.com>;rc=1;index=1.1
Contact: <sip:Silver@example.com>;mp=1
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
F4 INVITE example.com -> Silver.example.com
INVITE sip:Silver@example.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK45q2
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
Max-Forwards: 69
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=1235
To: Gold Member Assistance <sip:Gold@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:Gold@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:Gold@gold.example.com?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302>;\
rc=1;index=1.1
History-Info: <sip:Silver@example.com>;index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:Silver@silver.example.com>;index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
Barnes, et al. Informational [Page 23]
RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
F5 INVITE Silver.example.com -> Agent
INVITE sip:Silver@192.0.2.7 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP silver.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKerxs
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK45q2;\
received=192.0.2.101
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
Max-Forwards: 68
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=1235
To: Gold Member Assistance <sip:Gold@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:Gold@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:Gold@gold.example.com?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302>;\
rc=1;index=1.1
History-Info: <sip:Silver@example.com>;index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:Silver@silver.example.com>;index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
History-Info: <sip:Silver@192.0.2.7>;index=1.2.1.1;rc=1.2.1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
Barnes, et al. Informational [Page 24]
RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
F6 200 OK Agent -> Silver.example.com
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP silver.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKerxs;\
received=192.0.2.5
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK45q2;\
received=192.0.2.101
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=1235
To: Gold Member Assistance <sip:Gold@example.com>;tag=2325
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:Gold@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:Gold@gold.example.com?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302>;\
rc=1;index=1.1
History-Info: <sip:Silver@example.com>;index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:Silver@silver.example.com>;index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
History-Info: <sip:Silver@192.0.2.7>;index=1.2.1.1;rc=1.2.1
Contact: Agent <sip:Silver@192.0.2.7>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
F7 200 OK Silver.example.com -> example.com
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK45q2;\
received=192.0.2.101
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=1235
To: Gold Member Assistance <sip:Gold@example.com>;tag=2325
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:Gold@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:Gold@gold.example.com?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302>;\
rc=1;index=1.1
History-Info: <sip:Silver@example.com>;index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:Silver@silver.example.com>;index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
History-Info: <sip:Silver@192.0.2.7>;index=1.2.1.1;rc=1.2.1
Contact: Agent <sip:Silver@192.0.2.7>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
Barnes, et al. Informational [Page 25]
RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
F8 200 OK example.com -> Alice
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=1235
To: Gold Member Assistance <sip:Gold@example.com>;tag=2325
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:Gold@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:Gold@gold.example.com?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302>;\
rc=1;index=1.1
History-Info: <sip:Silver@example.com>;index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:Silver@silver.example.com>;index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
History-Info: <sip:Silver@192.0.2.7>;index=1.2.1.1;rc=1.2.1
Contact: Agent <sip:Silver@192.0.2.7>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
F9 ACK Alice -> Agent
ACK sip:Silver@192.0.2.7 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t3
Max-Forwards: 70
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=1235
To: Gold Member Assistance <sip:Gold@example.com>;tag=2325
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 ACK
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
The first hi-entry with the "mp" header field parameter contains an
"mp" header field parameter value of 1, which points to the original-
target, which allows the operator to identify that the call was from
the Gold customer.
Barnes, et al. Informational [Page 26]
RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
3.5. Determining the Alias Used
SIP UAs are associated with an AOR. It is possible for a single UA
to actually have multiple AORs associated with it. One common usage
for this is aliases. For example, a user might have an AOR of
sip:john@example.com but also have the AORs
sip:john.smith@example.com and sip:jsmith@example.com. Rather than
registering against each of these AORs individually, the user would
register against just one of them, and the home proxy would
automatically accept incoming calls for any of the aliases, treating
them identically and ultimately forwarding them towards the UA. This
is common practice in the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), where it is
called "implicit registration" and each alias is called a "public
user identity (PUID)".
It is a common requirement for a User Agent Server (UAS), on receipt
of a call, to know which of its aliases was used to reach it. This
knowledge can be used to choose ringtones to play, determine call
treatment, and so on. For example, a user might give out one alias
to friends and family only, resulting in a special ring that alerts
the user to the importance of the call.
The following call flow and example messages show how History-Info
can be used to find out the alias used to reach the callee. The
alias for the call is determined by hi-entry with the index that
matches the value of the last hi-entry with an "rc" header field
parameter in the Request received.
Alice example.com John
| | REGISTER F1 |
| |<--------------------|
| | 200 OK F2 |
| |-------------------->|
| INVITE F3 | |
|-------------------->| |
| | INVITE F4 |
| |-------------------->|
* Rest of flow not shown *
Figure 5: Alias Example
Barnes, et al. Informational [Page 27]
RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
Message Details
F1 REGISTER John -> example.com
REGISTER sip:example.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.1;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Max-Forwards: 70
From: John <sip:john@example.com>;tag=a73kszlfl
To: John <sip:john@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 1j9FpLxk3uxtm8tn@192.0.2.1
CSeq: 1 REGISTER
Contact: <sip:john@192.0.2.1>
Content-Length: 0
F2 200 OK example.com -> John
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.1;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
From: John <sip:john@example.com>;tag=a73kszlfl
To: John <sip:john@example.com>;tag=d2dstee2
Call-ID: 1j9FpLxk3uxtm8tn@192.0.2.1
CSeq: 1 REGISTER
Contact: <sip:john@192.0.2.1>;expires=3600
Content-Length: 0
F3 INVITE Alice -> example.com
INVITE sip:john.smith@example.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
Max-Forwards: 70
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=a73kszlfl
To: John <sip:john.smith@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:john.smith@example.com>;index=1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
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F4 INVITE example.com -> John
INVITE sip:john@192.0.2.1 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK12s4
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
Max-Forwards: 69
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=a73kszlfl
To: John <sip:john.smith@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Record-Route: <sip:proxy.example.com;lr>
History-Info: <sip:john.smith@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:john@192.0.2.1>;index=1.1;rc=1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
The last hi-entry with the "rc" header field parameter references the
source of retargeting pointing at the alias AOR, which in the example
is "john.smith@example.com".
3.6. PBX Voicemail Example
A typical use case for voicemail is one whereby the original called
party is not reachable and the call arrives at a voicemail system.
In some cases, multiple alternate destinations may be tried without
success. The voicemail system typically requires the original called
party information to determine the appropriate mailbox so an
appropriate greeting can be provided and the appropriate party
notified of the message.
In this example, Alice calls Bob, whose SIP client is forwarded to
Carol. Carol does not answer the call; thus, it is forwarded to a VM
(voicemail) server (VMS). In order to determine the appropriate
mailbox to use for this call, the VMS needs the original target for
the request. The original target is determined by finding the first
hi-entry tagged with "rc" or "mp" and using the hi-entry referenced
by the index of "rc" or "mp" header field parameter as the target for
determining the appropriate mailbox. This hi-entry is used to
populate the "target" URI parameter as defined in [RFC4458]. The
reason associated with the first hi-entry tagged with "rc" or "mp"
(i.e., 302) could be used to provide a customized voicemail greeting
and is used to populate the "cause" URI parameter as defined in
[RFC4458]. Note that some VMSs may also (or instead) use the
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RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
information available in the History-Info headers for custom handling
of the VM based on how and why the call arrived at the VMS.
Furthermore, it is the proxy forwarding the call to the VMS that
determines the target of the voicemail; it is the proxy that sets the
target of voicemail, which is also the entity that utilizes [RFC7044]
to find the target that is usually based on local policy installed by
the user or an administrator.
Alice example.com Bob Carol VM
| INVITE F1 | | | |
|------------->| | | |
| | INVITE F2 | | |
| |------------->| | |
| | | | |
| 100 Trying | | | |
|<-------------| 302 Moved Temporarily F3 | |
| |<-------------| | |
| | | | |
| | ACK | | |
| |------------->| | |
| | | | |
| | INVITE F4 | | |
| |--------------------------->| |
| | | | |
| | 180 Ringing F5 | |
| |<---------------------------| |
| | | | |
| 180 Ringing | | | |
|<-------------| | | |
| | | | |
| | (timeout) | |
| | | | |
| | INVITE F6 | | |
| |-------------------------------------->|
| | | | |
| | 200 OK F7 |
| |<--------------------------------------|
| 200 OK | | | |
|<-------------| | | |
| | | | |
| ACK |
|----------------------------------------------------->|
Figure 6: Enterprise Voicemail Example
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Message Details
F1 INVITE Alice -> example.com
INVITE sip:bob@example.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
Max-Forwards: 70
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
F2 INVITE example.com -> Bob
INVITE sip:bob@192.0.2.5 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK12s4
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
Max-Forwards: 69
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.5>;index=1.1;rc=1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
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F3 302 Moved Temporarily Bob -> example.com
SIP/2.0 302 Moved Temporarily
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK12s4;\
received=192.0.2.101
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=2g22d-lnf
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.5>;index=1.1;rc=1
Contact: <sip:carol@example.com>;mp=1
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
F4 INVITE example.com -> Carol
INVITE sip:carol@192.0.2.4 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4522
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
Max-Forwards: 69
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.5?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302>;\
index=1.1;rc=1
History-Info: <sip:carol@example.com;cause=480>;index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:carol@192.0.2.4;cause=480>;index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
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F5 180 Ringing Carol -> example.com
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4522;\
received=192.0.2.101
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=setss3x
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.5?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302>;\
index=1.1;rc=1
History-Info: <sip:carol@example.com;cause=480>;index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:carol@192.0.2.4;cause=480>;index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
Contact: <sip:carol@192.0.2.4>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
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F6 INVITE example.com -> VM
INVITE sip:vm@192.0.2.6;target=sip:bob%40example.com;cause=480\
SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4523
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
Max-Forwards: 69
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.5?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302>;\
index=1.1;rc=1
History-Info: <sip:carol@example.com;cause=480?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D\
408>;index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:carol@192.0.2.4;cause=480?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D\
408>;index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
History-Info: <sip:vm@example.com;\
target=sip:bob%40example.com;cause=480>;\
index=1.3;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:vm@192.0.2.6;\
target=sip:bob%40example.com;cause=480>;\
index=1.3.1;rc=1.3
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
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F7 200 OK VM -> example.com
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK4523;\
received=192.0.2.101
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=3dweggs
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.5?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302>;\
index=1.1;rc=1
History-Info: <sip:carol@example.com;cause=480?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D\
408>;index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:carol@192.0.2.4;cause=480?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D\
408>;index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
History-Info: <sip:vm@example.com;\
target=sip:bob%40example.com;cause=480>;\
index=1.3;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:vm@192.0.2.6;\
target=sip:bob%40example.com;cause=480>;\
index=1.3.1;rc=1.3
Contact: <sip:vm@192.0.2.6>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
The VMS can look at the last hi-entry and find the target of the
mailbox by looking at the URI entry in the "target" URI parameter in
the hi-entry.
3.7. Consumer Voicemail Example
In the case of a consumer, when the call is retargeted, it is usually
to another administrative domain. The voicemail system in these
environments typically requires the last-called-party information to
determine the appropriate mailbox so an appropriate greeting can be
provided and the appropriate party notified of the message.
In this example, Alice calls Bob, but Bob has temporarily forwarded
his phone to Carol (she is his wife). Carol does not answer the
call; thus, it is forwarded to a VMS. In order to determine the
appropriate mailbox to use for this call, the VMS needs the
appropriate target for the request. The last target is determined by
finding the hi-entry referenced by the index of last hi-entry tagged
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RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
with "mp" for determining the appropriate mailbox. This hi-entry is
used to populate the "target" URI parameter as defined in [RFC4458].
Note that some VMSs may also (or instead) use the information
available in the History-Info headers for custom handling of the VM
in terms of how and why the called arrived at the VMS.
Alice example.com Bob Carol VM
| INVITE F1 | | | |
|------------->| | | |
| | INVITE F2 | | |
| |------------->| | |
| | | | |
| 100 Trying | | | |
|<-------------| 302 Moved Temporarily F3 | |
| |<-------------| | |
| | | | |
| | ACK | | |
| |------------->| | |
| | | | |
| | INVITE F4 | | |
| |--------------------------->| |
| | | | |
| | 180 Ringing F5 | |
| |<---------------------------| |
| | | | |
| 180 Ringing | | | |
|<-------------| | | |
| | | | |
| | (timeout) | |
| | | | |
| | INVITE F6 | | |
| |-------------------------------------->|
| | | | |
| | 200 OK F7 |
| |<--------------------------------------|
| 200 OK | | | |
|<-------------| | | |
| | | | |
| ACK |
|----------------------------------------------------->|
Figure 7: Consumer Voicemail Example
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Message Details
F1 INVITE Alice -> example.com
INVITE sip:bob@example.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
Max-Forwards: 70
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
F2 INVITE example.com -> Bob
INVITE sip:bob@192.0.2.5 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK12s4
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
Max-Forwards: 69
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.5>;index=1.1;rc=1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
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F3 302 Moved Temporarily Bob -> example.com
SIP/2.0 302 Moved Temporarily
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK12s4;\
received=192.0.2.101
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=224ls3s-t
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.5>;index=1.1;rc=1
Contact: <sip:carol@example.com>;mp=1
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
F4 INVITE example.com -> Carol
INVITE sip:carol@192.0.2.4 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK24s5
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
Max-Forwards: 69
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.5?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302\
%3Btext%3D%22Moved%20Temporarily%22>\
;index=1.1;rc=1
History-Info: <sip:carol@example.com>;index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:carol@192.0.2.4>;index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
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F5 180 Ringing Carol -> example.com
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK24s5;\
received=192.0.2.101
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=setss3x
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.5?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302\
%3Btext%3D%22Moved%20Temporarily%22>;\
index=1.1;rc=1
History-Info: <sip:carol@example.com>;index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:carol@192.0.2.4>;index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
Contact: <sip:carol@192.0.2.4>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
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F6 INVITE example.com -> VM
INVITE sip:vm@192.0.2.6;target=sip:carol%40example.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKbbg4
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
Max-Forwards: 69
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.5?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302\
%3Btext%3D%22Moved%20Temporarily%22>;\
index=1.1;rc=1
History-Info: <sip:carol@example.com>;\
index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:carol@192.0.2.4?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D408>;\
index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
History-Info: <sip:vm@example.com;target=sip:carol%40example.com;\
cause=408>;index=1.2.2;mp=1.2
History-Info: <sip:vm@192.0.2.5;target=sip:carol%40example.com;\
cause=408>;index=1.2.2.1;rc=1.2.2
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
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F7 200 OK VM -> example.com
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bKbbg4
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=3dweggs
Supported: histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:bob@example.com>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:bob@192.0.2.5?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D302\
%3Btext%3D%22Moved%20Temporarily%22>;\
index=1.1;rc=1
History-Info: <sip:carol@example.com>;\
index=1.2;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:carol@192.0.2.4?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%3D408>;\
index=1.2.1;rc=1.2
History-Info: <sip:vm@example.com;target=sip:carol%40example.com;\
cause=408>;index=1.2.2;mp=1.2
History-Info: <sip:vm@192.0.2.5;target=sip:carol%40example.com;\
cause=408>;index=1.2.2.1;rc=1.2.2
Contact: <sip:carol@192.0.2.5>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
The VMS can look at the last hi-entry and find the target of the
mailbox by looking for the "target" URI parameter in the hi-entry and
the reason by the "cause" URI parameter in the same hi-entry.
3.8. GRUU
A variation on the problem in Section 3.5 occurs with Globally
Routable User Agent URI (GRUU) [RFC5627]. A GRUU is a URI assigned
to a UA instance that has many of the same properties as the AOR but
causes requests to be routed only to that specific instance. It is
desirable for a UA to know whether it was reached because a
correspondent sent a request to its GRUU or to its AOR. This can be
used to drive differing authorization policies on whether the request
should be accepted or rejected, for example. However, like the AOR
itself, the GRUU is lost in translation at the home proxy. Thus, the
UAS cannot know whether it was contacted via the GRUU or its AOR.
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RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
The following call flow and example messages show how History-Info
can be used to find out the GRUU used to reach the callee.
While a GRUU is comprised of an AOR with a URI parameter, as defined
in [RFC5627], the GRUU construct itself is not an AOR. Thus, the
retargeting of a request based on a GRUU does not result in the
addition of an "rc" header field parameter to the hi-entry containing
the GRUU. The lack of an "rc" header field parameter in the hi-
entries can be a hint that the source of retargeting is a GRUU.
However, to ensure this is the case, the UAS needs to search for a
"gr" parameter in the hi-entry prior to the last hi-entry. If there
is a GRUU, the URI will always be prior to the last hi-entry as the
GRUU does not allow multiple instance to be mapped to a contact
address.
Alice example.com John
| | REGISTER F1 |
| |<--------------------|
| | 200 OK F2 |
| |-------------------->|
| INVITE F3 | |
|-------------------->| |
| | INVITE F4 |
| |-------------------->|
* Rest of flow not shown *
Figure 8: GRUU Example
Message Details
F1 REGISTER John -> example.com
REGISTER sip:example.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.1;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Max-Forwards: 70
From: John <sip:John@example.com>;tag=a73kszlfl
Supported: gruu
To: John <sip:john@example.com>
Call-ID: 1j9FpLxk3uxtm8tn@192.0.2.1
CSeq: 1 REGISTER
Contact: <sip:john@192.0.2.1>;+sip.instance=\
<urn:uuid:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6>
Content-Length: 0
[SDP Not Shown]
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F2 200 OK example.com -> John
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.1;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
From: John <sip:john@example.com>;tag=a73kszlfl
To: John <sip:john@example.com> ;tag=b88sn
Call-ID: 1j9FpLxk3uxtm8tn@192.0.2.1
CSeq: 1 REGISTER
Contact: <sip:john@192.0.2.1>;\
pub-gruu="sip:john@example.com;\
gr=urn:uuid:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6";\
temp-gruu=\
"sip:tgruu.7hs==jd7vnzga5w7fajsc7-ajd6fabz0f8g5@example.com;\
gr";+sip.instance=\
"<urn:uuid:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6>";\
expires=3600
Content-Length: 0
[SDP Not Shown]
Assuming Alice has knowledge of a GRUU either through
prior communication or through other means such as presence
places a call to John's GRUU.
F3 INVITE Alice -> example.com
INVITE sip:john@example.com;\
gr=urn:uuid:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
Max-Forwards: 70
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
To: <sip:john@example.com;\
gr=urn:uuid:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6>
Supported: gruu, histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: <sip:john@example.com;\
gr=urn:uuid:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6>;index=1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
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F4 INVITE example.com -> John
INVITE sip:john@192.0.2.1 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK12s4
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
Max-Forwards: 69
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
To: <sip:john@example.com;\
gr=urn:uuid:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6>
Supported: gruu, histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Record-Route: <sip:proxy.example.com;lr>
History-Info: <sip:john@example.com;\
gr=urn:uuid:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:john@192.0.2.1>;index=1.1;rc=1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
By analyzing the entry referenced by the entry with the last "rc",
one can realize that the URI used to reach the device was GRUU by
finding the "gr" parameter.
3.9. Limited-Use Address
A limited-use address is a SIP URI that is minted on-demand, and
passed out to a small number (usually one) of remote correspondents.
Incoming calls targeted to that limited-use address are accepted as
long as the UA still desires communications from the remote target.
Should they no longer wish to be bothered by that remote
correspondent, the URI is invalidated so that future requests
targeted to it are rejected.
Limited-use addresses are used in battling voice spam [RFC5039]. The
easiest way to provide them would be for a UA to be able to take its
AOR and "mint" a limited-use address by appending additional
parameters to the URI. It could then give out the URI to a
particular correspondent and remember that URI locally. When an
incoming call arrives, the UAS would examine the parameter in the URI
and determine whether or not the call should be accepted.
Alternatively, the UA could push authorization rules into the
network, so that it need not even see incoming requests that are to
be rejected.
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RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
This approach, especially when executed on the UA, requires that
parameters attached to the AOR, but not used by the home proxy in
processing the request, survive the translation at the home proxy and
be presented to the UA. This will not be the case with the logic in
RFC 3261, since the Request-URI is replaced by the registered
contact, and any such parameters are lost.
Using the History-Info, John's UA can easily see if the call was
addressed to its AOR, GRUU, or a temp-GRUU and treat the call
accordingly by looking for a "gr" tag in the hi-entry prior to the
last hi-entry.
Alice example.com John
| | REGISTER F1 |
| |<--------------------|
| | 200 OK F2 |
| |-------------------->|
| INVITE F3 | |
|-------------------->| |
| | INVITE F4 |
| |-------------------->|
* Rest of flow not shown *
Figure 9: Limited-Use Address Example
Message Details
F1 REGISTER John -> example.com
REGISTER sip:example.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.1;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
Max-Forwards: 70
From: John <sip:John@example.com>;tag=a73kszlfl
Supported: gruu
To: John <sip:john@example.com>
Call-ID: 1j9FpLxk3uxtm8tn@192.0.2.1
CSeq: 1 REGISTER
Contact: <sip:john@192.0.2.1>;\
+sip.instance="<urn:uuid:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6>"
Content-Length: 0
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F2 200 OK example.com -> John
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.1;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
From: John <sip:john@example.com>;tag=a73kszlfl
To: John <sip:john@example.com> ;tag=b88sn
Call-ID: 1j9FpLxk3uxtm8tn@192.0.2.1
CSeq: 1 REGISTER
Contact: <sip:john@192.0.2.1>;\
pub-gruu="sip:john@example.com;\
gr=urn:uuid:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6";\
temp-gruu=\
"sip:tgruu.7hs==jd7vnzga5w7fajsc7-ajd6fabz0f8g5@example.com;gr";\
+sip.instance="<urn:uuid:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6>";\
expires=3600
Content-Length: 0
Assuming Alice has knowledge of a temp-GRUU, she places a
call to the temp-GRUU.
F3 INVITE Alice -> example.com
INVITE sip:tgruu.7hs==jd7vnzga5w7fajsc7-ajd6fabz0f8g5@example.com;\
gr SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
Max-Forwards: 70
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
To: <sip:tgruu.7hs==jd7vnzga5w7fajsc7-ajd6fabz0f8g5@example.com\
;gr>
Supported: gruu, histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
History-Info: \
<sip:tgruu.7hs==jd7vnzga5w7fajsc7-ajd6fabz0f8g5@example.com;gr>\
;index=1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
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F4 INVITE example.com -> John
INVITE sip:john@192.0.2.1 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP proxy.example.com:5060;branch=z9hG4bK12s4
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.3:5060;branch=z9hG4bK42t2
Max-Forwards: 69
From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=kkaz-
To: <sip:tgruu.7hs==jd7vnzga5w7fajsc7-ajd6fabz0f8g5@example.com\
;gr>
Supported: gruu, histinfo
Call-ID: 12345600@example.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Record-Route: <sip:proxy.example.com;lr>
History-Info: \
<sip:tgruu.7hs==jd7vnzga5w7fajsc7-ajd6fabz0f8g5@example.com;gr>\
;index=1
History-Info: <sip:john@192.0.2.1>;index=1.1;rc=1
Contact: Alice <sip:alice@192.0.2.3>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
By analyzing the entry referenced by the entry with the last "rc",
one can realize that the URI used to reach the device was GRUU by
finding the "gr" parameter.
3.10. Service Invocation
Several SIP specifications have been developed that make use of
complex URIs to address services within the network rather than
subscribers. The URIs are complex because they contain numerous
parameters that control the behavior of the service. Examples of
this include the specification that first introduced the concept,
[RFC3087], control of network announcements and Interactive Voice
Response (IVR) with SIP URI [RFC4240], and control of voicemail
access with SIP URI [RFC4458].
A common problem with all of these mechanisms is that once a proxy
has decided to rewrite the Request-URI to point to the service, it
cannot be sure that the Request-URI will not be destroyed by a
downstream proxy that decides to forward the request in some way, and
does so by rewriting the Request-URI.
Section 3.6 shows how History-Info can be used to invoke a service.
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3.11. Toll-Free Number
Toll-free numbers, also known in the United States as 800 or 8xx
numbers, are telephone numbers that are free for users to call.
In the telephone network, toll-free numbers are just aliases to
actual numbers that are used for routing of the call. In order to
process the call in the PSTN, a switch will perform a query (using a
protocol called Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP)),
which will return either a phone number or the identity of a carrier
which can handle the call.
There has been recent work on allowing such PSTN translation services
to be accessed by SIP proxy servers through IP querying mechanisms.
For example, ENUM [RFC6117] has already been proposed as a mechanism
for performing Number Portability (NP) queries [RFC4769]. Using it
for 8xx number translations is a logical next step.
The new target from translating the 8xx number may be in the PSTN or
in the SIP network. If the new target is an entity in the PSTN, the
proper treatment in the PSTN (and in particular, correct
reconciliation of billing records) requires that the call be marked
with both the originating number (8xx number) and the new target
number, History-info would come in play here to assure original 8xx
number is not lost.
Although not required to have both the originating number (8xx
number) and the new target in the SIP network, an enterprise or user
who utilize the 8xx service can benefit by knowing whether the call
came in via an 8xx number in order to treat the call differently (for
example, to play a special announcement), but if the original
Request-URI is lost through translation, there is no way to tell if
the call came in via 8xx number. History-Info again would come in
play here.
Similar problems arise with other "special" numbers and services used
in the PSTN, such as operator services, pay/premium numbers (9xx
numbers in the United States), and short service codes such as 311.
To find the service number, the UAS can extract the hi-entry whose
index matches the value of the first hi-entry with an "mp" tag.
Technically, the call can be forwarded to these "special" numbers
from non-special numbers; however, that is uncommon based on the way
these services authorize translations.
This example call flow shows a UAC that does not support History-
Info.
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Alice Toll-Free Service Atlanta.com John
| | | |
| INVITE F1 | | |
|--------------->| INVITE F2 | |
| |------------->| |
| | | INVITE F3 |
| | |------------------>|
* Rest of flow not shown *
Figure 10: Service Number Example
Message Details
F1 INVITE 192.0.2.1 -> Toll-Free Service
INVITE sip:+18005551002@example.com;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.1:5060;branch=z9hG4bK74bf
From: Alice <sip:+15551001@example.com;user=phone>;tag=9fxced76sl
To: <sip:+18005551002@example.com;user=phone>
Call-ID: c3x842276298220188511
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Max-Forwards: 70
Contact: <sip:alice@192.0.2.1>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
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F2 INVITE Toll-Free Service -> Atlanta.com
INVITE sip:+15555551002@atlanta.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.4:5060;branch=z9hG4bK-ik8
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.1:5060;branch=z9hG4bK74bf
From: Alice <sip:+15551001@example.com;user=phone>;tag=9fxced76sl
To: <sip:+18005551002@example.com;user=phone>
Call-ID: c3x842276298220188511
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Max-Forwards: 69
Supported: histinfo
History-Info: <sip:+18005551002@example.com;user=phone>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:+15555551002@atlanta.com>;index=1.1;mp=1
Contact: <sip:alice@192.0.2.1>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
F3 INVITE Atlanta.com -> John
INVITE sip:john@198.51.100.2 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 198.51.100.1:5060;branch=z9hG4bKpxk7g
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.4:5060;branch=z9hG4bK-ik8
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.1:5060;branch=z9hG4bK74bf
From: Alice <sip:+15551001@example.com;user=phone>;tag=9fxced76sl
To: <sip:+18005551002@example.com;user=phone>
Call-ID: c3x842276298220188511
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Max-Forwards: 68
Supported: histinfo
History-Info: <sip:+18005551002@example.com;user=phone>;index=1
History-Info: <sip:+15555551002@atlanta.com>;index=1.1;mp=1
History-Info: <sip:john@atlanta.com>;index=1.1.1;rc=1.1
History-Info: <sip:john@198.51.100.2>;index=1.1.1.1;rc=1.1.1
Contact: <sip:alice@192.0.2.1>
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: <appropriate value>
[SDP Not Shown]
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4. Security Considerations
The security considerations for the History-Info header field are
specified in [RFC7044].
5. Acknowledgements
Jonathan Rosenberg, et al produced the document that provided
additional use cases precipitating the requirement for the new
"target" parameter in the History-Info header field and the new SIP/
SIPS URI parameter. Hadriel Kaplan provided some comments.
Brett Tate, Roland Jesske, Laura Liess, Scott Godin, Dale Worley, and
Marianne Mohali provided extensive review and comments on call flows,
message examples, and text.
6. Informative References
[RFC3261] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston,
A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E.
Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261,
June 2002.
[RFC5627] Rosenberg, J., "Obtaining and Using Globally Routable User
Agent URIs (GRUUs) in the Session Initiation Protocol
(SIP)", RFC 5627, October 2009.
[RFC3087] Campbell, B. and R. Sparks, "Control of Service Context
using SIP Request-URI", RFC 3087, April 2001.
[RFC4240] Burger, E., Van Dyke, J., and A. Spitzer, "Basic Network
Media Services with SIP", RFC 4240, December 2005.
[RFC5039] Rosenberg, J. and C. Jennings, "The Session Initiation
Protocol (SIP) and Spam", RFC 5039, January 2008.
[RFC4458] Jennings, C., Audet, F., and J. Elwell, "Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP) URIs for Applications such as
Voicemail and Interactive Voice Response (IVR)", RFC 4458,
April 2006.
[RFC6117] Hoeneisen, B., Mayrhofer, A., and J. Livingood, "IANA
Registration of Enumservices: Guide, Template, and IANA
Considerations", RFC 6117, March 2011.
Barnes, et al. Informational [Page 51]
RFC 7131 History-Info Call Flows March 2014
[RFC4769] Livingood, J. and R. Shockey, "IANA Registration for an
Enumservice Containing Public Switched Telephone Network
(PSTN) Signaling Information", RFC 4769, November 2006.
[RFC7044] Barnes, M., Audet, F., Schubert, S., van Elburg, J., and
C. Holmberg, "An Extension to the Session Initiation
Protocol (SIP) for Request History Information", RFC 7044,
February 2014.
Authors' Addresses
Mary Barnes
TX
US
EMail: mary.ietf.barnes@gmail.com
Francois Audet
Skype
EMail: francois.audet@skype.net
Shida Schubert
NTT
Tokyo
Japan
EMail: shida@ntt-at.com
Hans Erik van Elburg
Detecon International Gmbh
Oberkasseler str. 2
Bonn
Germany
EMail: ietf.hanserik@gmail.com
Christer Holmberg
Ericsson
Hirsalantie 11, Jorvas
Finland
EMail: christer.holmberg@ericsson.com
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