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Statistics on the Gemini space

This page presents some statistics on the current state of the Gemini space. It has been updated on 2023-05-04 18:04:01Z.

It cannot claim to represent the entire space. The real number of URIs is certainly higher. There are several reasons why many URIs are not in the database:

the capsule may forbid retrieval, through robots.txt,
we do not know all the URIs and some cannot be found from the ones we know,
Lupa has a maximum number of URIs per capsule, to save resources (currently 10000).

On this page, "working" means there was a successful connection recently. "recently" means "less than 31 days". "Dead" URLs and capsules are removed after 46 days and no longer appear in any statistics.

Currently, our database includes 517,578 URIs, 395,677 of them having been checked successfully (status code 20) and recently. Among the recently accessed, 308,704 URIs serve a Gemini content.

Resources

The average size of the resources is 45,229 bytes.

Quantiles

10% of the resources are 261 bytes or less,
20% of the resources are 635 bytes or less,
30% of the resources are 960 bytes or less,
40% of the resources are 1,598 bytes or less,
50% of the resources are 2,683 bytes or less, MEDIAN
60% of the resources are 4,854 bytes or less,
70% of the resources are 7,486 bytes or less,
80% of the resources are 16,694 bytes or less,
90% of the resources are 85,487 bytes or less,
100% of the resources are 2,677,426 bytes or less.

Quantiles only for Gemini pages

10% of the resources are 228 bytes or less,
20% of the resources are 496 bytes or less,
30% of the resources are 783 bytes or less,
40% of the resources are 1,117 bytes or less,
50% of the resources are 1,781 bytes or less, MEDIAN
60% of the resources are 2,775 bytes or less,
70% of the resources are 4,695 bytes or less,
80% of the resources are 6,909 bytes or less,
90% of the resources are 13,638 bytes or less,
100% of the resources are 2,677,426 bytes or less.

Ranges

Less than 10 bytes: 3308 URLs (0.84 %)
10 to 100 bytes: 10807 URLs (2.7 %)
100 to 1000 bytes: 108198 URLs (27.3 %)
1 to 10 kbytes: 171027 URLs (43.2 %)
10 to 100 kbytes: 68676 URLs (17.4 %)
100 to 1000 kbytes: 26096 URLs (6.6 %)
More than 1000 kbytes: 7565 URLs (1.91 %)

Most common media (MIME) types

text/gemini: 308,704 URLs
image/jpeg: 18,895 URLs
image/png: 18,569 URLs
text/plain: 16,616 URLs
application/octet-stream: 9,476 URLs
application/pdf: 4,734 URLs
application/zip: 3,134 URLs
image/gif: 2,471 URLs
octet/stream: 2,216 URLs
text/html: 2,046 URLs
application/x-mscardfile: 1,198 URLs
audio/mpeg: 1,186 URLs
MIME: 997 URLs
text/x-diff: 786 URLs
application/json: 600 URLs
audio/ogg: 385 URLs
application/atom+xml: 246 URLs
text/xml: 243 URLs
application/lagrange-fontpack+zip: 200 URLs
image/webp: 198 URLs

Most common languages

Unspecified: 308,657 URLs
en: 60,986 URLs
de: 11,120 URLs
it: 7,025 URLs
fr: 2,049 URLs
ja: 1,122 URLs
fi: 1,111 URLs
es_ar: 978 URLs
ru: 860 URLs
en_gb: 455 URLs
es: 335 URLs
en_us: 216 URLs
gl: 121 URLs
pl: 103 URLs
ko: 97 URLs
ca: 81 URLs
sv: 63 URLs
sco,gd,it,en: 38 URLs
pl,en: 29 URLs
eo: 28 URLs

Most common encodings ("charsets") for all files

(Remember there exists testing capsules, with very exotic encodings, so don't be surprised by some strange ones.)

Unspecified: 352,519 URLs
utf-8: 43,026 URLs
us-ascii: 75 URLs
binary: 24 URLs
gzip: 22 URLs
windows-1252: 2 URLs
bzip2: 2 URLs
cp437: 2 URLs
u: 2 URLs
utf-16: 2 URLs
iso-8859-1: 1 URLs

Most common encodings for gemtext files only

Unspecified: 275,292 URLs
utf-8: 33,405 URLs
cp437: 2 URLs
utf-16: 2 URLs
windows-1252: 2 URLs
iso-8859-1: 1 URLs

By the way, 163 of recently tested URLs (0.032 %) have a wrong encoding (it does not match the actual content).

Status codes

(Remember there are test capsules with funny status codes, to exercice Gemini clients.)

20 (Success): 395,677 occurrences (85.53 %)
51 (Not found): 26,278 occurrences (5.68 %)
40 (Temporary failure): 11,952 occurrences (2.58 %)
44 (Slow down): 5,926 occurrences (1.28 %)
60 (Client certificate request): 5,655 occurrences (1.22 %)
30 (Temporary redirect): 5,310 occurrences (1.15 %)
42 (CGI error): 4,383 occurrences (0.95 %)
10 (Input request): 3,502 occurrences (0.76 %)
53 (Proxy request refused): 1,866 occurrences (0.40 %)
31 (Permanent redirect): 1,109 occurrences (0.24 %)
50 (Permanent failure): 688 occurrences (0.15 %)
59 (Bad request): 153 occurrences (0.03 %)

Links

(We count only backlinks from external capsules, and at most one link per capsule. Also, we exclude links from capsules like search engines or directories.)

Maximum number of incoming links: 267

Average number of incoming links: 0.21

Capsules

There are 3190 capsules. We successfully connected recently to 2389 of them.

Most common capsules by number of working URLs

We have a limit of 10000 URLs per capsule.

blitter.com: 10000 URLs
midnight.pub: 10000 URLs
gemini.techrights.org: 10000 URLs
rwv.io: 9996 URLs
taz.de: 9995 URLs
gemini.conman.org: 9993 URLs
gemlog.stargrave.org: 9992 URLs
hoagie.space: 9989 URLs
gemini.tuxmachines.org: 9988 URLs
mirrors.apple2.org.za: 9969 URLs
news.tuxmachines.org: 9844 URLs
caiofior.pollux.casa: 9808 URLs
gemini.knusbaum.com: 9748 URLs
library.inu.red: 9441 URLs
gemini.omarpolo.com: 9059 URLs
gemini.autonomy.earth: 8818 URLs
ecs.d2evs.net: 8479 URLs
rawtext.club: 7852 URLs
skyjake.fi: 6849 URLs
federal.cx: 6121 URLs

Most common capsules by number of bytes in working URLs

We have a limit of bytes per URL.

Not properly documented yet

mirrors.apple2.org.za: 2789.8 megabytes
uscoffings.net: 915.7 megabytes
nytpu.com: 896.2 megabytes
blitter.com: 824.2 megabytes
gael.mooo.com: 662.6 megabytes
yam655.com: 572.2 megabytes
hoagie.space: 498.5 megabytes
skyjake.fi: 439.9 megabytes
gemini.zachdecook.com: 317.1 megabytes
mikelynch.org: 315.7 megabytes
ecs.d2evs.net: 288.4 megabytes
gem.librehacker.com: 284.3 megabytes
library.inu.red: 273.3 megabytes
si3t.ch: 253.3 megabytes
b2khgkvb2wn4avjshjp63kknsjwikgwff5dwwydldia6qwf4kdnueyad.onion: 246.0 megabytes
multiverse.thruhere.net: 234.7 megabytes
tweek.zyxxyz.eu: 234.6 megabytes
shit.cx: 181.8 megabytes
phreedom.club: 177.0 megabytes
gemini.techrights.org: 174.4 megabytes
rwv.io: 168.4 megabytes

All working capsules:

As a text file

As a gemtext, with links

Certificates

2124 (88.9 %) capsules are self-signed, 207 (8.7 %) use the Certificate Authority Let's Encrypt, 58 (2.4 %) are signed by another CA (may be not a trusted one).

55 capsules (2.32 %) have an expired certificate.

Algorithms:

ecdsa-with-SHA256: 1545 capsules
sha256WithRSAEncryption: 829 capsules
ED25519: 13 capsules
ecdsa-with-SHA512: 5 capsules
ecdsa-with-SHA384: 2 capsules
sha512WithRSAEncryption: 2 capsules
sha384WithRSAEncryption: 1 capsules

Key types:

ECDSA: 1575 capsules
RSA: 809 capsules
ED25519: 13 capsules

Key sizes for RSA:

2048: 550 capsules
4096: 247 capsules
3072: 9 capsules
1024: 2 capsules
3584: 1 capsules

Key sizes for ECDSA:

256: 1496 capsules
384: 77 capsules
521: 2 capsules

TLS

98 % of the capsules use TLS 1.3, 2 % use TLS 1.2.

6.1 % of capsules do NOT send a proper close.

The full list

robots.txt

229 (10 %) the capsules have a robots.txt exclusion file.

Ports

11 working capsules (0.5 %) use an alternative port

Addresses

1169 IP addresses used. 17 % are IPv6.

Addresses with most virtual hosts

173.230.145.243: 776 vhosts
68.133.1.71: 283 vhosts
213.219.38.200: 201 vhosts
173.195.146.139: 99 vhosts
90.65.170.44: 28 vhosts
109.237.26.252: 19 vhosts
45.56.93.217: 17 vhosts
216.238.66.109: 13 vhosts
104.245.33.223: 8 vhosts
52.51.189.88: 8 vhosts
174.138.124.169: 7 vhosts
85.208.51.149: 7 vhosts
2a01:7e01::f03c:93ff:fedf:bffe: 6 vhosts
139.162.187.208: 6 vhosts
51.222.161.16: 6 vhosts
84.62.113.202: 5 vhosts
89.234.140.141: 5 vhosts
37.79.202.136: 5 vhosts
46.23.94.99: 5 vhosts
23.88.35.144: 5 vhosts

TLDs

There are 247 TLDs in the capsule's names, and 1580 registered domains.

Most common TLDs

By number of registered domains

com: 254 domains
net: 137 domains
org: 125 domains
xyz: 105 domains
space: 72 domains
de: 43 domains
site: 42 domains
me: 41 domains
dev: 39 domains
eu: 32 domains
fr: 27 domains
uk: 24 domains
io: 23 domains
club: 21 domains
info: 20 domains
online: 15 domains
ca: 14 domains
ch: 14 domains
se: 13 domains
ru: 12 domains

By number of capsules

(There's a strong bias towards TLDs which have hosting services such as flounder.online, which has many capsules in subdomains. See before the TLDs per registered domains, which are probably more useful.)