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2007-10-03 03:46:01
By CHRIS KAHN, Associated Press WriterSat Sep 29, 12:59 AM ET
It sounds like science fiction but it's true: A killer amoeba living in lakes
enters the body through the nose and attacks the brain where it feeds until you
die.
Even though encounters with the microscopic bug are extraordinarily rare, it's
killed six boys and young men this year. The spike in cases has health
officials concerned, and they are predicting more cases in the future.
"This is definitely something we need to track," said Michael Beach, a
specialist in recreational waterborne illnesses for the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention.
"This is a heat-loving amoeba. As water temperatures go up, it does better,"
Beach said. "In future decades, as temperatures rise, we'd expect to see more
cases."
According to the CDC, the amoeba called Naegleria fowleri (nuh-GLEER-ee-uh
FOWL'-erh-eye) killed 23 people in the United States, from 1995 to 2004. This
year health officials noticed a spike with six cases three in Florida, two in
Texas and one in Arizona. The CDC knows of only several hundred cases worldwide
since its discovery in Australia in the 1960s.
In Arizona, David Evans said nobody knew his son, Aaron, was infected with the
amoeba until after the 14-year-old died on Sept. 17. At first, the teen seemed
to be suffering from nothing more than a headache.
"We didn't know," Evans said. "And here I am: I come home and I'm burying him."
After doing more tests, doctors said Aaron probably picked up the amoeba a week
before while swimming in the balmy shallows of Lake Havasu, a popular man-made
lake on the Colorado River between Arizona and California.
Though infections tend to be found in southern states, Naegleria lives almost
everywhere in lakes, hot springs, even dirty swimming pools, grazing off algae
and bacteria in the sediment.
Beach said people become infected when they wade through shallow water and stir
up the bottom. If someone allows water to shoot up the nose say, by doing a
somersault in chest-deep water the amoeba can latch onto the olfactory nerve.
The amoeba destroys tissue as it makes its way up into the brain, where it
continues the damage, "basically feeding on the brain cells," Beach said.
People who are infected tend to complain of a stiff neck, headaches and fevers.
In the later stages, they'll show signs of brain damage such as hallucinations
and behavioral changes, he said.
Once infected, most people have little chance of survival. Some drugs have
stopped the amoeba in lab experiments, but people who have been attacked rarely
survive, Beach said.
"Usually, from initial exposure it's fatal within two weeks," he said.
Researchers still have much to learn about Naegleria. They don't know why, for
example, children are more likely to be infected, and boys are more often
victims than girls.
"Boys tend to have more boisterous activities (in water), but we're not clear,"
Beach said.
In central Florida, authorities started an amoeba phone hot line advising
people to avoid warm, standing water and areas with algae blooms. Texas health
officials also have issued warnings.
People "seem to think that everything can be made safe, including any river,
any creek, but that's just not the case," said Doug McBride, a spokesman for
the Texas Department of State Health Services.
Officials in the town of Lake Havasu City are discussing whether to take
action. "Some folks think we should be putting up signs. Some people think we
should close the lake," city spokesman Charlie Cassens said.
Beach cautioned that people shouldn't panic about the dangers of the
brain-eating bug. Cases are still extremely rare considering the number of
people swimming in lakes. The easiest way to prevent infection, Beach said, is
to use nose clips when swimming or diving in fresh water.
"You'd have to have water going way up in your nose to begin with" to be
infected, he said.
David Evans has tried to learn as much as possible about the amoeba over the
past month. But it still doesn't make much sense to him. His family had gone to
Lake Havasu countless times. Have people always been in danger? Did city
officials know about the amoeba? Can they do anything to kill them off?
Evans lives within eyesight of the lake. Temperatures hover in the triple
digits all summer, and like almost everyone else in this desert region, the
Evanses look to the lake to cool off.
It was on David Evans' birthday Sept. 8 that he brought Aaron, his other two
children, and his parents to Lake Havasu. They ate sandwiches and spent a few
hours splashing around.
"For a week, everything was fine," Evans said.
Then Aaron got the headache that wouldn't go away. At the hospital, doctors
first suspected meningitis. Aaron was rushed to another hospital in Las Vegas.
"He asked me at one time, 'Can I die from this?'" David Evans said. "We said,
'No, no.'"
On Sept. 17, Aaron stopped breathing as his father held him in his arms.
"He was brain dead," Evans said. Only later did doctors and the CDC determine
that the boy had been infected with Naegleria.
"My kids won't ever swim on Lake Havasu again," he said.