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The Radio Spectrum - UK Allocations (version 24feb99)
-----------------------------------
(based on the HTML version at:
http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Launchpad/8243/spectrum.html )
A guide from 1 Hz to 30 EHz (DC to Gamma rays). The main bands, all frequencies
in MHz unless otherwise stated. With grateful thanks to the UK Radiocomms Agency
for so openly publishling all you need to know... even if actually tuning in to
anything other than Broadcasting/CB/Ham is not allowed, that's the rules, folks.
Which is why there are no details of Private systems here...
DISCLAIMER: This page is provided for interest/curiosity only. Private services
should remain that way, if you listen without a licence (you can't get them) to
anything other than licenced Broadcasting or Amateur Radio (& CB) you are
breaking the law. Even having a private frequency stored in a receiver's memory
channel is considered to be proof of intercepting messages that are not
intended for you. Penalties include heavy fines and/or imprisonment.
You have been warned.
PLEASE COPY THIS FILE FOR YOUR OWN PERSONAL USE, SO THAT IT MAY LIVE FOREVER!
So what's the point of this page? Personally, I've been fascinated by the magic
of radio all of my life, fiddling around with radios since primary school, and
over the years having read a fair bit about communication systems and the radio
spectrum, I've now got a lot of radio information rattling around in my head.
I thought it would be nice to share it with the world, via the web, to show
what a crowded resource the RF spectrum is; how every nook and cranny is
allocated to some service or other; how the RA has to balance the needs of
various services when they are asked for more spectrum. Also, with all that RF
energy passing through your body, don't you think you have a right to know
exactly what sort of emissions are zapping through you? (I'm not saying you
have a right to know the content of the messages, only the nature of the
delivery). Also, Amateurs should be aware of the services that could be
affected should their equipment not be up to the required standard. Likewise
to anyone foolish enough to consider operating an unlicenced pirate station
- just don't - there really isn't any point is there? And lastly, because
published books are often out of date or plainly wrong in these matters.
So if you've ever wondered what's beyond the dial on your ordinary radio, this
is the page for you. Just be aware that you shouldn't tune in to anything
private - if someone is talking loudly in the street and you can easily
overhear, you still don't morally have the right to listen do you? If the vast
amount of broadcasts and ham radio conversations aren't enough to amuse you
(and the rest of what life in general has to offer) then that's quite sad. If I
ever have time to switch on my receiver (to see what the propagation's like)
the only bands I need to go to are amateur ones. And good music is much more
satisfying. If you can find it.
In a decade or so there may not be all that much else to listen to anyway on
current scanners, with FM broadcasters moving to DAB, analogue TV making way to
digital, PMR and emergency services changing to TETRA, and both Marine and Aero
traffic increasingly using digital modes and satellites for routine traffic,
cellphones all digital. Maybe the spectrum will one day consist of just one
system for mobile access to THE NET which provides for all possible
communication needs - a load of buzzing noises wherever you tune, except for
the long-established amateur bands! Then you scanner owners can relax, you
won't be able to do anything illegal with them if you try - unless you decide
to throw them through someone's window...
I would say that if you have an interest in these matters, devote your
energies to Amateur Radio PLEASE! We need more activity in the bands. Amateur
radio covers bands from Low Frequencies (with 2km wavelengths) to ultra-high
micro-wave bands (wavelengths in millimeters) with modes ranging from good
old-fashioned morse code (CW) to AM/FM speech (communications bandwidths) to
advanced narrowband speech (Single Side Band) to Television (slow scan like
FAX through to full motion/definition FMW broadcast quality) to digital/data
modes like RTTY and Packet. Transmissions can be direct, fixed and mobile (and
Maritime Mobile), via satellite, bent through the troposphere, bounced off
various layer of charged particles in the upper atmosphere, or even bounced off
the moon (EME), or shooting stars (MS)! And all for just 15 quid per year -
bargain. Go on - prove you know what you're talking about - take the RAE
examination soon. Even if you don't ever use it... See the RA web-page,
or the Radio Society of Groovy Britain site for more details, or the "UK Ham
Radio FAQ". And the G7KPF Quick Links page too. Join and support the RSGB also,
it's a good idea as they do tend to negotiate new bands for us.
Of course, I might just be saying all this to divert attention from my
naughty scanning obsession - and Ham Radio is a boring waste of time! Hehe,
you decide!
Here then, is my quick tour of the spectrum of 1999, with links to other sites
where appropriate.
All information sourced from freely published books, magazines and web-sites
(RA,ERO), without the need for a scanner, as part of an ongoing quest to figure
out what lies beyond the broadcasting bands...
NOTE 1: SAB (Services Ancillary to Broadcasting), SAP (..to Program making),
PMSE (Program Making & Special Events) - when TV/radio/film/programme makers
use radio (managed by JFMG) - like the military and many low-power devices,
they seem to crop up all over the spectrum! However, some of the allocations
in shared bands (mainly BBC) are to cease in 2000, leaving mostly primary
bands.
As Bands I, III, IV and V are designated BROADCASTING it seems logical that
broadcasters may also use these bands for Outside Broadcasts, microphones,
talkback, comm.s and links etc., either in the VHF bands that are no longer
used for broadcasting, or at UHF on locally unused channels.
Mics at near 174 are very popular, as well as other parts of Band III that
coincide with French TV carriers and so are not used for PBR.
NOTE 2: Home Office for the Emergency Services - previous versions of this
document did not mention these allocations, but as the bands are shown on RA
pages, and in various books, some are now included for the sake of clarity.
Only the BANDS are shown, not actual frequencies in use. Do NOT listen in!
NOTE 3: Military - various web pages will show that there is a world market
for equipment operating in the bands such as HF, 30-87.5 (25kHz FM),
116-155 & 225-400 (25kHz AM), 470-512 etc. Note that whilst the odd Combat
Net here and there may be "in the clear" any serious tactical use would be
very hard to find. Frequency hopping and scrambling are used - after all,
would you want your country defended by forces that could be easily
monitored?
Operational use (like PMR) for base security, training, Mil. Police, MOULD
etc. involves fixed frequencies, and various books show that Low VHF, Low
Band, Mid Band, 406.1-420 and UHF1 are heavily used for these purposes.
There is currently a general move from VHF to UHF, and the use of a TETRA
system is being considered. This type of radio traffic is still not to be
listened to!
Here is... the Electromagnetic spectrum...
MHz
lower than 1Hz? Slowly-changing DC more like.
--0.000001--(1Hz, 1 per sec.)---
Natural "Earth waves"
Hz Brainwaves... (Electrical activity in your thinking-gear)
0.1... Delta - Sleep
3... Theta - Sluggish, day-dreaming
7... Alpha - Relaxed and receptive
13... Beta - Very alert
30... High Beta - Paranormal powers!
--0.00002---(20Hz)--------------
Audible if converted to soundwaves (like with, er, speakers)
0.000050 UK mains AC electricity (50Hz, 240V) - 6000 km wavelength
0.000067 CTCSS (Tone squelch) tones
67 69.3 71.9 74.4 77 79.7 82.5 85.4 88.5 91.5 94.8 97.4 100
103.5 107.2 110.9 114.8 118.8 123 127.3 131.8 136.5 141.3
146.2 151.4 156.7 162.2 167.9 173.8 179.9 186.2 192.8 203.5
206.5 210.7 218.1 225.7 229.1 233.6 241.8 250.3 254.1Hz
(150 Hz is a military standard)
---music---
0.000016,35 C-1 nice and bass-y (16Hz)
0.000261,63 C3 note "middle C"
277.18 C# (these in Hz)
293.66 D
311.13 D# To double a frequency in 12 equal steps (semi-tones)
329.63 E to complete one octave, multiply a note by 2 to the power
349.23 F of 1/12th to obtain the next note.
369.99 F# 440 (A) x 1.059463094 = 466.16 (A#)
392.0 G
415.3 G#
440.0 A used for main reference
466.16 A#
493.88 B
0.000523,25 C4 the note C again. Only an octave higher. (x2, yeah?)
4186.00 C7 a really annoying 4kHz note C
7902.13 B7
0.012543,85 G8 highest midi note
0.002700.. above 2.7 kHz not neccessary for comms speech, phones etc, and so
for telephones it's filtered out. Hence too the 3kHz channel
spacings on HF.
0.015... FM broadcast audio is filtered out above 15kHz
0.019 FM stereo "pilot tone"
0.020 approx. limit of human hearing. Bats, on the other hand...
--0.003------(3kHz)-------------
VLF,LF: Mobile, Fixed, Navigation, DGPS,
Time Signals (20,25,50,60,66.6,75kHz)
Enormous wavelengths are very useful for penetrating rock, cave to
surface - molephones) and the oceans (for submarines) but the antennas
need to be rather large, or magnetic loops.
0.0102 Omega hyperbolic fix Nav. (& 11.05 & 11.33 & 13.6 kHz) **until sep97**
0.060 MSF British Time signal
0.070...Decca Nav. purple slaves, to 72kHz Llancarfan
0.073 Ham 4km band ( 71.6- 74.4 kHz) ** UK only, until 30.June.2000 **
0.084...Decca Nav. masters, to 86kHz Bolberry Down
0.100 NELS Loran-C Navigation. pulsed. Loophead,Lessay,Sylt,Soustons
0.112...Decca Nav. red slaves, to 117.6kHz Jersey
0.126...Decca Nav. green slaves, to 129kHz St.Marys
0.13675 Ham 2km band (135.7-137.8 kHz) ** new Euro band, 1998 **
--0.1485------------------------
0.153.. LW AM Broadcasting, to 0.279 - 9kHz channels (ITU Region1)
+ some Nav. (NDB)
153 Germany, Romania, Algeria
162 France, Turkey
171 Russia, Morocco,
177 Germany
183 Germany
189 Italy
198 UK BBC Radio 4
207 Germany, Morocco
216 France, Norway
225 Poland, spare UK allocation
234 Luxembourg, Russia
243 Denmark
252 EIRE Atlantic 252, Algeria
261 Moscow
270 Czech
279 Belarus, Isle of Man (soon)
--0.2835------------------------
Marine/Aero Navigation (NDB beacons) + Maritime Mobile (CW)
0.500 Calling, Distress (CW)
0.518 Navtex, (& 490 & 4209.5 kHz)
--0.5265--MF--------------------
0.531.. MW AM Broadcasting, to 1.602 - 9 kHz channels (10kHz to 1.700 in USA)
0.648 BBC World Service
0.693 BBC Radio 5
0.909 BBC Radio 5
1.053 INR3 - Talk Radio UK
1.089 INR3 - Talk Radio UK
1.197 INR2 - Virgin Radio
1.215 INR2 - Virgin Radio
--1.6065-------------------------
MF mobile, Maritime and Aero. (OR)
1.642...Cordless phones (base), to 1782 (8x 20kHz FM),
handsets at 47.443-47.543 MHz (12.5kHz spacing, 6.25 offsets)
(to be eventually withdrawn)
Amateur Radio 160m "Top Band" (1.81-2.0) (SSB used is mainly LSB)
2.182 Calling, Distress
--2.85----HF-------------------- the "real shortwave bands"!
mobile, fixed, military, ISM, SRD, and... "numbers stations"
AM Broadcasting
(around 2.4, 3.3, 3.975, 5, 6, 7.2, 9.7, 11.8, 13.7, 15.3, 17.8,
21.6, 25.8)
Amateur Radio
80m ( 3.5 - 3.8) (SSB mainly LSB)
40m ( 7.0 - 7.1) (SSB mainly LSB)
30m (10.1 - 10.15) (SSB not recommended) (WARC)
20m (14.0 - 14.35)
16.5m (18.068-18.168) (WARC)
15m (21.0 - 21.45)
12m (24.89- 24.99) (WARC)
Standard Frequency references, and Time signals
(at 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0)
Maritime (3kHz SSB channels)
2046+ 2049 intership (kHz)
2053+ 2056 intership
2241 British intership
2246 British intership
2301 British intership --Calling--
4146+ 4149 intership
4357- 4435 shore chs 401- 427 ( -292kHz split: 4065- 4143) 4417/ 4125
6224- 6230 intership
6501- 6522 shore chs 601- 608 ( -301kHz split: 6200- 6221) 6516/ 6215
8291 ch 833 GMDSS
8294+ 8297 intership
8707- 8716 chs 834-837
8719- 8812 shore chs 801- 832 ( -524kHz split: 8195- 8288) 8779/ 8255
12353-12365 intership
13077-13197 shore chs 1201-1241 ( -847kHz split: 12230-12350) 13137/12290
16528-16546 intership
17242-17410 shore chs 1601-1656 ( -882kHz split: 16360-16525) 17302/16420
18825-18843 intership
19755-19797 shore chs 1801-1815 ( -975kHz split: 18780-18822) 19770/18795
22159-22177 intership
22696-22852 shore chs 2201-2253 ( -696kHz split: 22000-22156) 22756/22060
25100-25118 intership
26145-26172 shore chs 2501-2510 (-1075kHz split: 25070-25097) 26172/25097
Aeronautical R or ER (Routed or En-Route on fixed airways; so mainly
civil) (3kHz SSB channels)
2851- 3019 kHz
3401- 3497
4651- 4696
5481- 5676
6526- 6682
8816- 8960
10006-10096
11276-11396
13261-13357
17901-17967
21925-21997
Aeronautical OR (Off-Route; so mainly military) (3kHz SSB channels)
GHFS
3023- 3152 kHz
4700- 4995
5680- GMDSS SAR
5684- 5726
6685- 6763
8965- 9037
11175-11271
13200-13257
15010-15097
17970-18027
23200-23350
In the remaining parts of HF, you'd be forgiven for thinking anything goes!
--26.175--------------------------
Fixed & Mobile (not aero)
26.243..Paging, to 26.8625
26.25 JFMG talkback (simp) 12.5kHz 20W, and 26.35, 26.45
26.87 ..future SSB CB, to 26.96 (provisional plans)
SRD, models, ISM
26.995 "Brown" (AM) 1mW
27.045 "Red"
27.095 "Orange"
27.120 Test/Dev., ISM
27.145 "Yellow"
27.195 "Green"
27.245 "Blue"
26.965..CB, to 27.405 - 40 CEPT "EURO" FM channels : 10kHz spacings (PR27)
26.965 ch 1
to gaps where the model channels fit in (except "blue")
27.405 ch 40
27.41... Alarms
27.41... future Digital CB, to 27.51 (provisional plans)
27.5 ... Mobile, to 28 Weather balloons (sondes)
27.601..CB, to 27.991 - 40 UK FM 10 kHz channels (27/81)
27.601 ch 1
to
27.731 UK calling: Channel 14
CB can be fairly useful (when you want to speak to normal people,
not just radio nutters), but what a pity we're stuck with an HF
allocation clogged up with foreign SSB rather too often...
to We need a system that allows silent monitoring, like CTCSS, or
(even better) a 460 MHz system as they do in the USA, Australia etc.
NOTE: (oct98) it looks like PMR 446 will do nicely, apart from the
low power.
27.991 ch 40
28... Amateur 10m band, to 29.7 CW,USB,Satellite,FM
29.6 FM calling
29.55...overseas FM repeaters, to 29.7
The use of HF spectrum as we know it changes near 26.1MHz, where usage
becomes more like VHF/6 meters. You'd think that if any Tom, Dick or
Harriet can use 4W on 26 MHz, that a licenced Class B amateur would be
able to use at least 3W (novice level) somewhere in this band,
wouldn't you? But no, 30MHz is the cut off point (despite not
corresponding to the edge of any practical band usage) where you need
to pass a Morse test just to be able to use SSB! And who do they
survey, to see if things should change? The very people who have
already suffered the ordeal! SELFISH B*****DS. Don't get caught up in
the way things happened in the past, riding waves of nostalgia, but
concentrate on the present, the future, what today's very different
generations could enjoy - share your precious bands with those who can
already do the same thing at 50MHz when the conditions are right. When
ever we're at work, that is. Or make the Morse test need to be
re-taken every five years, we'll see how quickly it gets dropped then!
Suppose there was no Amateur Radio, but such a service was being
planned, to start next year, with the rules and regulation we
currently endure. There would be an uproar, wouldn't there? Nobody
would seriously suggest a morse requirement. I rest my case.
We do not NEED different licence classes apart from Novice and Full.
And don't use that tired old "wally filter" argument, I've already
gone to the trouble of passing the RA Exam. Don't interfere with MY
life, go and live your OWN.
I do acknowledge the "true spirit of amateur radio" (homebrew and
experimentation) IS different from the fanatical pursuit of "radio
DXing". I'd settle then for a two class system where existing Novices
and Class B licencees could use HF SSB on restricted parts of the
bands using type-approved equipment. With DXing available to the
public with properly regulated callsigns maybe 27MHz would become a
peaceful haven for local FM comms, and the Aero (R) 6.6MHz channels
could be clear at last.
And I DO realise that CW can get through when all else fails, and
that if I ever reached 12 words per minutes I might get to enjoy it.
Maybe. But I object strongly to HAVING to. Similar argument - you've
no right to force someone to drink something that you're sure they'll
like. And if you disagree with that, change the subject to sex then
try again. Again, the Golden Rule in life -
don't live someone else's life for them - live your own!
Glad I've got that off my chest...
--29.7----VHF-------------------
Mobile
military (30.3-30.5 and 32.15-32.45 EU1 harmonised)
+ SRD Short Range Devices, R/C Models, Cordless Phones, Alarms,
Hospital Paging
On rare occasions ion layer conditions allow the reception of FM
business/police signals here from the USA.
35.0... Model aircraft, to 35.25 (25x 10kHz) 100mW
39.9375.Cordless phones, to 40.1125 (split -8.9: 31.0375-31.2125)
40.500 Distress, Rescue (often wrongly listed as 40.050) 40.5 x 3 = 121.5
40.66...ISM, to 40.7 ** proposed new Euro amateur beacons band **
(40.68 +/- 20kHz)
40.665..Surface models, to 40.955 (33x 10kHz) 100mW cars and boats
41 ... Harmonised Military Band (EU1)
--47---------------------------
Band I - TV Broadcasting (not in UK since 1984 -
so, great for TV DXing!)
UK: Mobile - SRD, Radio Mics, Alarms
Euro TV 7MHz ch.: E2 47-54, E3 54-61, E4 61-68
Old UK 5MHz ch.: B1 41.25-46.25, B2 48-53, B3 53-58,
B4 58-63, B5 63-68 (snd. @ +0.25, vis. @ +3.75)
47.3... Cordless phones & alarms, to 47.55
47.550..JFMG, to 48.880 - talkback (base - split to 52MHz) + links
48.975..Paging, to 49.4875
49.82...SRD, to 49.98 baby alarms etc.
50... Amateur Radio 6m band, to 52 (varies in other countries). Primary.
Beacons...
50.09...CW/SSB...
50.11 Inter-continental SSB DX
50.15 SSB centre-of-activity
50.72.. UK Repeaters, to 50.88 (split +0.5)
51... secondary...
51.21.. repeater inputs, to 51.39 (both UK and Euro systems)
51.41.. FM simplex, to 51.59 (20 kHz channels)
51.51 FM calling channel
51.81.. Euro. repeaters, to 51.99 (split -0.6)
52.0... JFMG, to 52.95 - talkback (mobile - split to 48Hz) + links
52.95...
53.75.. JFMG, to 55.75 - links (5W)
55.75 ... PBR, see 62.75
57.5... CBS (planned), to 60.75 (split +7: 64.5 -67.75)
60.75.. JFMG links (5W)
62.75.. PBR (planned), to 64.5 (split -7: 55.75-57.50)
64.5 ... CBS, see 57.5
67.7625...
There is a Euro plan (25-08) to re-organise 54-68:
61.0125 ... Base, to 67.9875 (split -7: 54.0125-60.9875)
--68------Low Band-------------
Mobile, military, emergency services (French splits -4.05, -5, -3)
Military PTARMIGAN access links
There is a Euro plan (25-08) to re-organise this band:
77.8125 ... Base, to 87.4875 (split -9.8: 68.0125-77.6875)
single: 77.7-77.8 and 74.8-75.2 & 84.6-85
Various countries overseas allow FM radio broadcasting from 65-74
and 76-87.5 (eg OIRT), this often reaches us.
68.0875.PBR, to 69.9875 single, dual: see 81.5875
(68.816... JFMG, to 69.904 - Talkback base (12.5kHz - split to 75MHz)
to cease in 2000)
70... Amateur 4m band, to 70.5 (since 1956; mainly UK only) Secondary
Beacons...
70.03.. CW/SSB
70.15 Meteor Scatter calling
70.185 Cross-band centre-of-activity
70.2 SSB calling
70.25.. FM simplex, to 70.4875 (12.5 kHz channels)
70.26 old AM frequency still in use
70.3 RTTY/FAX
70.3125 Packet, to 70.3375
70.45 FM Calling channel
70.4875 Packet
70.5... Home Office - Fire Service mainscheme, to 71.5 (with 80-81.5)
71.5125.PBR, to 72.7875 single, dual: see 85.0125
72.8 ... MoD (73.3-74.1 EU1 harmonised)
(74.6875... JFMG, to 74.7125 - Talkback)
75.0 CAA ILS runway marker beacons (Guard band 74.8-75.2)
200ft, 1 & 3.5 miles from touchdown
75.2 ... MoD
(75.2625... JFMG, to 75.3 - Talkback mobile (split to 69MHz)
(+airborne) to cease in 2000)
76.7125.PBR, to 77.4875 single, dual: see 86.7125 ...
77.5... PBR, to 77.9875 (used to be paired with 87.5 to 88),
CT0 Cordless phones
78... MoD (79-79.7 EU1 harmonised)
(78.183... JFMG, to 78.259 - wide area or location talkback - 12.5kHz)
80... H.O.
81.5125.PBR, to 81.575
81.5875.PBR, to 83.4875 (split -13.5: 68.0875-69.9875) new for the 1990s
83.5 ... H.O.
84 ... MoD (ISM at 84.0 +/- 4kHz)
PBR listed so that you can avoid tuning in by accident.
(same info can be found on Radiocomms Agency site anyway)
12.5kHz channels. (Started in 1947 with 100 kHz channels,
25 kHz from 1960)
85.0125.PBR, to 86.2875 (split -13.5: 71.5125-72.7875)
86.3....PBR, to 86.7
86.3125 Land SAR search and rescue
86.325 Land SAR some areas
86.675 JFMG Talkback (12.5kHz) Wales and west.
86.7125.PBR, to 87.4875 (split -10: 76.7125-77.4875)
86.8125 JFMG, to 86.8375 - wide area duplex T/back 12.5kHz (+airborne)
87.34.. Eurosignal paging, to 87.415 (4 x 25kHz channels A-D)
heard in UK from Europe
--87.5-------------------------
Band II - FM Broadcasting (100 kHz channels) 87.6-107.9 RDS
Independent Radio managed by the Radio Authority.
Latest news : http://www.newstide.com/radio/ - Newstide
87.6... RSLs (Restricted Service Licences)
88.0... BBC Radio 2
90.2... BBC Radio 3
92.4... BBC Radio 4, BBC Wales/Scotland
94.6... BBC Local Radio, Radio 4, ILR
96.1... Independent Local Radio
97.6... BBC Radio 1
99.8... Independent National Radio INR1: Classic FM (+RDS DGPS Focus FM), ILR
102.0... Independent Local Radio
103.5... BBC Local Radio, Radio 4, ILR
105.0... Independent Local Radio, regional, RSLs
107.0... RSLs, Small-scale and other low power broadcasting, to 107.9
87.5 to 88 MHz was once used for base PMR (split -10: 77.5-77.9875).
97.6 to 102.1 MHz was used by the Home Office for Emergency Services
AMRT base, until the late 1980s (split to 82.5-84).
105 to 108 MHz used from 1969 until the early 1990s for mobile JRC
PBR (split to 138-141), and became available to Broadcasting in 1995.
Long distance reception is more common via the troposphere here,#
rather than the ionosphere... i.e a "lift" rather than "sporadic-E".
"Tropo" tends to improve the higher the frequency, and lower
frequencies are not affected; whereas ionospheric "skip" builds up
from HF, maybe reaching as high as 150 MHz rarely - but leaves higher
bands unaffected.
DSI2 recommends that by 2020 when DAB is established, the band may
be reduced to 97.5-108 for local and community broadcasting only.
-108---------------------------
Aero. Navigation
108.05.. ILS/VOR/ATIS, to 117.95 (50 kHz channels) ILS 108-112
-117.975-----------------------
Aero. Mobile "Civil Air Band" - NATS National Air Traffic Services,
"Volmet" weather broadcasts. RTCA ICAO
See http://www.javiation.co.uk/vu.html - Javiation's list.
118.0... AM comms, to 136.975 (25 kHz channels)
The use of 136 - 137 dates from 1990, and it's still shared with
satellite services until 1/1/2002.
Until the 1970s 50kHz channel spacing was used, and soon some channels
will be three times closer with 8.33kHz spacings; in Europe in 1999,
in the UK in 2000.
So if the scheme is ever extended to the full band, will the first
channel be 117.983 or 118.0? (Given the 117.975 boundary due to 25kHz
use of 118.0)
Channel Names will be used, such as :
132.000, 132.005 (same but 8.33 bandwidth), 132.010 (132.0083),
132.015 (132.0166)
However, don't panic about needing new equipment, 8.33 will only be
used in a small segment of the band, and not for local traffic. You'll
be able to enter frequencies using 5 or 10kHz steps and not be more
than 1.66 kHz out, and likewise you'll still be able to search in
10kHz steps and that will be faster then 8.33!
It's no more likely than now that two adjacent channels will be
strongly in use at any one location.
In any case, the great thing about airband as far as searching goes,
is that the controllers TELL the pilots what frequency to go to next -
so finding any new channels isn't really that hard!
The USA NexCom solution, though, is for digital TDMA on existing 25kHz
channels (& also retaining AM capability) using 8-phase shift keying,
giving 4 time slots within 120ms frames, providing for a mix of voice
and data. Coverage of 112-117.975 is included in the spec.s - and
they haven't decided about the UHF band yet.
121.5 Distress, EPIRBs
121.6 airport Fire Services
121.9 common Ground frequency
122.475 Balloons and Hangliders
123.1 SAR Search and Rescue
129.7... many private airline channels, to 132
130.1 Gliders, +130.125 +130.4
131.725 ACARS Packet data (Europe & USA)
Air Comms Addressing/Reporting System
132.0... 8.33 sub-band, to 134.8 - for over FL245 (FL195 France)
135.375 London VOLMET (main)
136.9... Data ONLY, to 136.975
-137------Mid Band-------------
Mobile, military, Aero OR, emergency services (French splits +/-4.6)
Military PTARMIGAN access links
137... Weather Satellites, to 138
137... LEO MSS Sat. downlinks, to 138 (up at 148-149.9) Orbcomm 4800 bps FSK
137.975..Paging, to 138.2
Police: 4 air-ground-air ch.s around 138.1 & 138.3
138.2... future Euro. SRD band, to 138.45
138... MoD
139.5... JRC (Joint Radio Co.) PBR, to 140.5 (split +8.5: 148-149) Trunked.
139.51875-140.48125 J22-J99, main channels 12.5kHz spaced (no J01-J21)
139.525 -140.475 K22-K98, interleaved (J+6.25kHz)
140.375 JRC paging (simplex use of J90 below & J91 above)
Electricity (mainly below 140) and Gas (mainly above 140) industries.
From 1969 until the early 1990s AM was used in the band
138-141 (split -33: 105-108).
(Some JFMG in the Channel Islands at 139.55 & 139.575 (base),
and simplex at 139.65)
140.5... MoD
141... JFMG, wide area Talkback (75kHz max), to 141.5 (previously 141.9)
6.25 kHz offsets Not in Channel Islands.
Simplex and duplex (split - mobiles at 212MHz). +airborne.
140.993 London only
141.006..ILR, to 141.193
141.206..BBC radio, to 141.256
141.268 not available to BBC - & 141.281
141.293..BBC radio, to 141.318 (.318 BBC News)
141.375 BBC 75kHz wideband
141.418 BBC
141.4625 BBC 75kHz wideband
141.5 ... MoD
143.0 ... H.O., to 144 - see 152
143.625 Space - MIR station (also 121.75 & 130.165 FM)
144... Amateur 2m band, to 146 Primary - IARU Bandplan:
EME (Moonbounce)...
144.035..CW
144.150..SSB - calling 144.3
144.4... Beacons, to 144.49
144.5... All modes
144.725 in the south - you'll appear on F5ZBF when there's a lift...
144.8... Digital, to 144.99
145.0... Repeater inputs, to 145.1875
145.2... FM Simplex, to 145.5875 (12.5 kHz chans) older 25kHz chans listed:
145.2 S8, V16 Raynet priority, MIR (with 145.8)
145.225 S9, V18 Raynet priority
145.25 S10, V20 Slow Morse
145.275 S11, V22
145.3 S12, V24
145.325 S13, V26 + French R8b/RV26 F5ZBF repeater Caen (split normal -0.6)
145.35 S14, V28 + French R9b/RV28
145.375 S15, V30 + French R10b/RV30
145.4 S16, V32 + French R11b/RV32
145.425 S17, V34 + French R12b/RV34
145.45 S18, V36
145.475 S19, V38
145.5 S20, V40 FM calling channel
145.525 S21, V42 GB2RS news, Sundays
145.55 S22, V44
145.575 S23, V46
145.5875 V47
(Repeaters 145.6 - 145.7875, split -0.6)
145.600 R0, RV48 FZ3VHF St.Brieuc
145.6125 R0x, RV49 F5ZBL Evreux
145.625 R1, RV50 FZ3VHD Quimper
145.6375 R1x, RV51 F5ZDE Chateauroux
145.650 R2, RV52
145.6625 R2x, RV53 F5ZCR Vernon
145.675 R3, RV54 F1ZBX Rennes
145.6875 R3x, RV55 FZ2VHF Lille
145.700 R4, RV56 F6ZCE Alencon
145.7125 R4x, RV57
145.725 R5, RV58 FZ2VHC Le Havre
145.7375 R5x, RV59
145.750 R6, RV60
145.7625 R6x, RV61
145.775 R7, RV62 FZ3VHB Les Herbiers
145.7875 R7x, RV63
145.8... Satellite Service, to 146
146... H.O., see 154
148... JRC,LEO, see 139.5 and 137
(Some JFMG in the Channel Islands at 148.575 & 148.725 - mobile)
149... MoD
149.9... Satellite Navigation, to 150.05
150.05.. Radio Astronomy, to 152 + Oil-slick markers (150.5 - 150.55)
152... Home Office - Emergency Services, to 153 (with 143-144)
153.025..Paging, to 153.475 (25kHz channels) POCSAG (bursts)
153.025 FLEX paging (continuous) + 153.325
153.5... MoD
154... Home Office - Emergency Services, to 155.975 (with 146-148)
There is a Euro plan (25-08) to re-organise 146-156: (boundaries)
151.4 ... Base, to 156 (split -7: 146.8-151.4) single: 146-146.8
and 149.9-150.05 & 154.5-154.65
-156---------------------------
Mobile, Marine VHF (SAR, MBR/CSR)
PMR/PBR + CBS + STH, Ambulances, Paging (ERMES), SRD,
Packnet data, Civil Defence
156... Marine, to 163 - International and private 25kHz channels, single and
dual (split -4.6). Was 50 kHz spacing until SOLAS 1972, new channels
were fitted in between old...
Some sets may be set from "international" to "USA" mode, and then some
of the dual frequency channels can be used as single (ship channel)
frequencies; which could be handy for a "private" channel, no-one else
would hear you! (apart from coast stations that use that channel. So
you'd want to pick a clear one - and bear in mind that if you don't
you won't be able to hear them telling you to move!)
Maybe it's best not to, then. Interesting thought though, isn't it?
There are Euro plans to use the paired freq.s for channels 87 and 88
separately, to accommodate VTS at 162 MHz, and allow simplex at 157
MHz. Also plans to allow use of channels 75 and 76 for voice.
Earlier plans had included simplex use of channels 18 and 82-86.
156.0-158.4 lines up with 160.6-163.0 at 4.6MHz higher, the lower section being
the ship/mobile side of dual-freq. channels, the higher side being for
shore/base. 156.375-156.875 and 160.975-161.475 are not joined, and have
single-freq usage with international channels at 156 and private at 161.
The international channels finish at 157.425/162.025 and the rest are private
channels, which may be dual or single.
Between 158.4 and 160.6 the mobile channels of a PBR band can be found. As this
163.0375-165.0375 band utilises a 4.5 MHz split, the mobile side covers
158.5365-160.5375 - the gap at the bottom is used for a few more single-freq.
private marine channels, and at the top there are three local authority alarm
channels.
Let's track this in two columns 4.6 MHz apart...
** First, two single freq.s...
--------------------------- -------
160.600 99 Coastguards 156.000 0 Coastguards
(99 was 00 but they couldn't dial that - 00 cleared their console!)
** Now dual freq. pairs,
** Port Ops & Public Correspondence (phone - link calls)
Shore/Base Ship/mobile 4.6 MHz lower
--------------------------------------
160.625---156.025 60
160.650---156.050 1
160.675---156.075 61
160.700---156.100 2
160.725---156.125 62
160.750---156.150 3
160.775---156.175 63
160.800---156.200 4
160.825---156.225 64
160.850---156.250 5
160.875---156.275 65
160.900 ?reserved? 156.300 6 SAR/intership1
160.925---156.325 66
160.950---156.350 7
** Now single freq.s
---------------------------- -------
160.975 - 161.475 156.375 67 Safety/SAR/intership9
MBR, CSR, Paging returns 156.400 8 intership2
156.425 68 ports
156.450 9 intership5/ports/Pilots
156.475 69 intership8/ports/Customs
156.500 10 intership3/ports/SAR/pollution
156.525 70 DSC Digital SelCall ONLY, fGMDSS
156.550 11 ports/SAR
156.575 71 ports
156.600 12 ports
156.625 72 intership6
156.650 13 intership4/ports
161.275 Marine 10mW Alarms 156.675 73 intership7/ports/SAR
161.300 On-board handhelds 156.700 14 Ports
156.725 74 Ports
161.350 On-board handhelds 156.750 15 intership11/ports/on-board
--16 only--
156.775 75 not yet used (guardband)
161.400 Radio Nav. 156.800 16 Calling, Distress
161.425 M2 (marinas) 156.825 76 not yet used (guardband)
-----------
156.850 17 intership12/ports
161.475 CSR 156.875 77 intership10
** Now dual freq. pairs again
** Port ops up to 161.725 and Pub.Corresp. from 161.750 (both: 78,81,84)
--------------------------------------
161.500---156.900 18
161.525---156.925 78
161.550---156.950 19
161.575---156.975 79
161.600---157.000 20
161.625---157.025 80 Marinas primary
161.650---157.050 21
161.675---157.075 81
161.700---157.100 22
161.725---157.125 82
161.750---157.150 23
161.775---157.175 83
161.800---157.200 24
161.825---157.225 84
161.850---157.250 25
161.875---157.275 85
161.900---157.300 26
161.925---157.325 86
161.950---157.350 27
161.975---157.375 87
162.000---157.400 28
162.025---157.425 88 No more "Radio Lighthouses"
** Private channels, single or dual Marine Business Radio
** and some land-based PMR, same split -4.6
---------------------------- -------
162.050 MBR single... 157.450 29 MBR single
OR 162.050---157.450 29 MBR dual
to
162.450 Diff. GPS 157.850 35/M marinas secondary
to
162.825 104A Telex 158.225 104B Fax.
to
163.000 MBR single 158.400 48 MBR single
OR 163.000---158.400 48 MBR dual
** Now private single freq.s
---------------------------- -------
163.025 Diff. GPS 158.425 108 MBR
158.450 49 MBR
0.1 MHz gap where 158.475 109 MBR
"4.6 split" and 158.500 50 MBR
"4.5 split" systems meet
** We'll change now to a 4.5 MHz difference for the land mobile band,
and 12.5 kHz spacings
---------------------------------------
163.0375---158.5375 PBR/CBS (split -4.5)
to...
The first 70 per cent used to be used for the old BT RadioTelephones :
163.0375... BT System 4, to 164.425 (split -4.5: 158.5375-159.925)
channels U001-U111 and before that :
163.050 ... BT System 3, to 164.400 (split -4.5, 25kHz channels 55-1 in
reverse!) ch17 was control
(until the 1980's saw the arrival of TACS at 935-950 MHz)
164.4375... the top section, to 165.0375, was mainly Private Message Handling -
operators speaking to mobile doctors etc, and is now seeing more
Common Base Stations (PBR via a dealer who supplies equipment and
airtime) including some multi-channel trunked CBS.
PAMR Public Access Mobile Radio is mainly confined to Band III,
and as with other trunked systems the control channels are
continuous).
163.900... now PMR dual and single, to 164.2 (159.4-159.7) with many
Short Term Hire channels.
164.225... now used by the Paknet system, to 164.3875 (base continuous)
The lowest portions are filling up with CBS and PBR.
Despite this section only being allocated to LAND MOBILE, (12.5 kHz PMR) in
some books and magazines you may find extra marine channels given (channel
number greater than 50), either single or -4.6 dual, in the first 150kHz or
so. Seems a bit odd, that. Marine channels are 25kHz bandwidth too, so that
ruins half of the 12.5kHz channel above and below. How wasteful.
And was 160.9 just forgotten about? How sad that it would make my day to find
out. Another mystery is the continued appearance in lists of the top channels
165 to 165.0375 being paired with 4.8 higher, rather than 4.5 lower. An RA
document clearly shows 165.050 as channel 1 in the high band. And 169.8375 is
a simplex channel, etc. Makes you wonder...
to
165.0375---160.5375
---------------------------- --------
165.050 start of high band 160.550 - 160.575 Alarms (3x 12.5kHz)
** the end of this 2nd column now joins the start
of the 1st., now we've covered 4.6MHz **
** We'll change now to a new 4.8 MHz difference UPWARDS
---------------------------------------
165.0375 end of mid band 169.8375 end of single freq simplex section
165.0500---169.8500 ch 001 PBR High Band
to...
Private Mobile Radio channels are allocated in all bands to different
categories such as :
National exclusive (53 dual, 12 single here in high band),
CBS (8 dual here),
On-site shared (5 dual, 31 single here - 3km range),
Wide Area Shared (189 dual - 30kms, taxis etc),
Short Term Hire (4 - 169.0125, 169.1375, 169.1625, 169.1875),
STH/demo/"parking"/Test&Dev (1 - 167.2000---172.000),
Road Construction (1 - 165.075---169.875),
UK General (5 single - mobile only, anywhere in UK, 5W ERP max,
for not more than 12 months in one place).
Which explains why that "spare channel" can't be used for anything
else in your area!
to...
168.2375---173.0375 ch 256 PBR
** single freq.s
---------------------------- --------
168.2500 PBR 173.050 PBR
to to
168.2875 Alarms 173.0875 PBR
168.3000 PBR 173.100... H.O. + low power/short range devices
-168.3125--boundary----------
168.325 Home Office
to
168.825
-168.8375--------------------
168.8500 PBR
to
168.9375 Alarms
to
169.0500 JRC
to
169.3875 PBR
-169.39375-------------------
169.4250 ERMES Paging (25kHz, continuous) - PBR being cleared?
to
169.8000
-169.81875-------------------
169.825 PBR
169.8375 PBR which is where we started the second column this time
or in my usual format...
156.0... Marine, to 158.525 single OR dual: see 160.625
158.5375.PBR, to 160.5375 single OR dual: see 163.0375
... alarms
160.6... Marine, to 163.025 single OR dual (split -4.6: 156.025-158.4)
163.0375.PBR, to 165.0375 (split -4.5: 158.5375-160.5375) Mid Band
165.05...PBR, to 168.2375 (split +4.8: 169.850 -173.0375) High Band
(French splits -4.6) (ISM 168 +/- 8kHz)
168.25...PBR, to 168.3 single
168.3125... H.O.
168.85...PBR, to 169.8375 single - with:
ERMES paging 169.425 to 169.8 (25kHz channels)
169.85...PBR, to 173.0375 single OR dual: see 165.05
173.05...PBR, to 173.0875 single
12.5kHz channels.
** These are your main business radio bands, mate. So I'm told.
** Don't ever listen here. It's not nice to eavesdrop.
** The technology might be fascinating, but there's no point listening,
** is there?
173.1... SRD, to 177.2 Mics, JFMG, Theatres, Telemetry, Alarms,
Telecommand, Deaf-aids
New band for narrowband speech opened in 1997 somewhere in 173.1-174
There is a Euro plan (25-08) to re-organise 157.45-174:
(boundaries - last pair likely: 173.9875-169.3875)
162.05 ... Base, to 165.2 (split -4.6: 157.45 -160.6)
169.825 ... Base, to 174 (split -4.6: 165.225-169.4)
and some single around 165.2125
-174---------------------------
Band III - TV Broadcasting (Not UK since 1984), DAB Digital Audio
UK: Mobile - PAMR/PBR/JFMG/PMSE (mics) + AMR
French TV: 8MHz ch. F5-F10 vision at 176, 184, 192, 200, 208, 216
sound at +6.5
Euro TV (7MHz) E5 174-181, E6 181-188, ... E11 216-223, E12 223-230
Old UK (5MHz) B6 176-181, B7 181-186, ... B13 211-216
174.0 ... mics
177.2125.PAMR/PBR, to 183.4875 (split +8: 185.2-191.5)
except 181.7-181.8 (JFMG 12.5kHz 25W simplex talkback)
183.5 ... AMR Auto. Meter Reading - plan:
183.5125.. 25kHz channels (8), to 183.6875
184.0 wideband channel
184.5 ... SAB?
185.2 ... PBR, see -8 (189.7-189.8 JFMG 12.5kHz 25W simplex talkback)
191.5 ... JFMG
191.7 links 200kHz
191.9 links 200kHz
192... mics 200kHz max, 10mW
193.2 ... PBR, see +8
199.5 ... JFMG links and mics, SRD
199.7 temp. links
200.5 ... mics
201.2125.PAMR/PBR, to 207.4875 (split -8: 193.2-199.5)
207.5 ... JFMG, mics
209.206 - 215.269 PAMR/PBR Frequency plan developed using 6.25 and
12.5kHz channels. No use as yet.
209.26... PBR, see +3.3
210.26... SRD
210.97... PBR, see +3.3
211.97... JFMG, to 212.18 - mobile talkback (to 141 MHz) wide area
212.2 ... SRD
212.5625.PAMR/PBR, to 213.55 (split -3.3: 209.26-210.25)
213.56... ?SRD?
214.275..PAMR/PBR, to 215.2625 (split -3.3: 210.97-211.96) Narrowband
215.275..JFMG, to 215.4875 (not split -3.3: 211.97-212.18!!) temp. links
215.5 ... SRD
216.1 JFMG mics, to 217.1
217.5... DAB, to 230 (1.536 MHz bandwidth) Vertical Pol.
Eureka 147 - COFDM - Umpteen hundred narrowband carriers all
sharing the bits...
218.640 (E11-B) LOCAL n/a
220.352 (E11-C) LOCAL/INR Isle of Man + Channel Islands
222.064 (E11-D) LOCAL/INR England + Wales
223.936 (E12-A) LOCAL/INR Scotland
225.648 (E12-B) BBC UK + Gibraltar (224.88-226.416)
227.360 (E12-C) LOCAL n/a
229.072 (E12-D) LOCAL/INR Northern Ireland
A whopping 6 programmes carried on each transmission. That's 12 in any one
location then. And that's supposed to be more efficient than the current FM
system? But I can get two or three times that many stations already, check
the FM band in London or Paris for example. Progress.
Ah, they'll say, but we can also use BandII when the analogue signals are
phased out, and there's L-band too (1.5 GHz).
Yee-ess, I'll say but try fitting the processing power needed into a walkman,
and make the batteries last more than half an hour. Ha.
Oh, silly me, I nearly forgot. We don't really need more than ONE music
station anyway, as they all play the same 500 tired worn out "hits" over and
over again.
And there's never enough advertising revenue to support TWO stations in the
same area, is there?
Am I the only person in the UK who wants to listen to good new music, rather
than the same old Simply Red/Phil Collins/Toto/60's/kiddie pop/REM/Peter
Gabriel etc? Most people I mention this to usually agree (willingly, too)
and would rather feel more "up to date" than all this living in the past.
It is after all a great pleasure to hear a fresh bit of pop and find you
really like it - that is what makes us go out and buy the stuff isn't it?
Trouble is, when they do play the latest releases, they play them every hour
until you're sick if them - if you have the radio on all day at work it'll
drive you nuts.
So, from my experience most people are fed up with it, but as there's no
alternative the audience figures will remain high, that pleases the
advertisers, nothing needs to change, keep it bland, and the vicious circle
continues... How DO they manage to make even music I LIKE sound so awful?
224.0125.... JFMG, to 224.4875 portable links
-230---------------------------
NATO military band (Equipment). ARFA/DRFB/FMSC/NJFA/CEAC
Air-Ground-Air, Air-Air AM comms (25kHz channels)
Radio Relay, Satellite, PTARMIGAN multi-channel trunk links
243.0 Distress, EPIRBs 121.5 x 2 = 243
259.7 Space shuttle
326.5... Astronomy, to 328.5 - deuterium spectral line
328.6... Aero. Nav., to 335.4 - ILS, glideslopes
390.0125.PSRCP H.O. TETRA, to 392.9875 (digital 25 kHz channels)
(split -10: 380-383) Base continuous.
may eventually extend to 395 & 385.
-399.9----UHF------------------
Mobile (French splits +/-10)
400.15.. Meteo sondes, Satellite, EPIRBS, to 406.1
406.1 ... MoD (replacements for VHF local net alloc.s being cleared)
418 ... UK SRDs (centre of 200kHz alloc.)
UHF1: 420 to 450 - military (shares with PBR), SRD, SAB
RadioLocation is primary at 420-430 and 440-450
There is a Euro plan (25-08) to re-organise 410-430: (boundaries)
420 ... Base, to 430 (split -10: 410-420)
420... PBR: civil TETRA, to 425 (split -10: 410-415)
Dolphin - on 25kHz channels (i.e. xxx.x00 xxx.x25 xxx.x50 etc)
425... PBR, see 440
(425.3125 JFMG, to 425.5626 temp links, S.West big towns only)
(427.7625 JFMG, to 428.0125 talkback - various areas)
429... MoD
430... Amateur 70cm band, to 440 Secondary
430.025. RU1 French/Neth. repeaters, to 430.375 (RU15)
(split +1.6: 431.625-431.975)
432.0... Narrow band CW/SSB
433.0... RB0 UK repeaters, to 433.375 (RB15) (split +1.6: 434.6-434.975)
433.05... ISM, to 434.79 (centre 433.92) remote control
433.475 SU19
433.5 SU20 FM calling channel
433.525 SU21
433.92 center of problematic SRD band
434.6... Euro. repeaters, to 434.975 (split -1.6: reverse of UK)
438.2... Euro. repeaters, to 439.475 (split -7.6: 430.6-431.875)
Germany/Swiss/Austria
UHF1 PBR limited mainly to large cities - London, Birmingham, Leeds,
Liverpool, Glasgow, Edinb., Manchester, Coventry, Bristol, Cardiff,
Swansea, Newport. 12.5kHz channels.
440.0125.PBR, to 442.2625 (split -14.5: 425.5125-427.7625)
442.275 ... JFMG talkback - various areas
442.525..PBR, to 443.4875 (split -14.5: 428.025 -428.9875) 13 JRC ch.s
443.5 ... MoD
445.5125.PBR, to 445.9875 (split -20.5: 425.0125-425.4875)
446.0... PBR, to 446.4 on-site
446.006..PMR 446 (Euro SRBR), to 446.093 (8x 12.5kHz -
within 446-446.1, 6.25kHz offsets) licence exempt
446.425 ... JFMG, to 446.5125, all areas
446.525 ... JFMG various areas, links, comms,
talkback simp. and duplex (base)
447.525..PBR, to 449.4875
448... PBR, to 449 (split -17: shared with amateur 431-432) London.
6.25kHz offsets
449.106 Traffic info
449.5... Prefered band for use by visiting foreigners for temporary PMR use,
typically SAB, to 450 (12.5kHz channels)
449.5 ... MoD
449.75... Space ops/research, to 450.25 Earth-to-Space
UHF2: 450 to 470 - emergency services, PBR, Paging, Telemetry, SRD, SAB
PBR mobile segments may contain single frequency simplex use.
12.5kHz channels.
There is a Euro plan (25-08) to re-organise 450-470: (boundaries)
460 ... Base, to 470 (split -10: 450-460)
450... Home Office - Emergency Services, to 453 (with 464-467.25)
453.0125 PBR
453.025..PBR, to 453.9875 (split +6.5: 459.525-460.4875)
453.0375 PBR single? 459.5375 = H.O.
454.025 ... Paging
454.85...PBR, to 454.975 (some Railways split -6.5)
454.993 ... JFMG, to 455.456 - links and location talkback base
(with 468.018-468.506) (+airborne)
455.475..PBR, to 455.85 (split +5.3: 460.775-461.25) airports only
... H.O.
456.0... PBR, to 456.9875 (split +5.5: 461.500-462.4875)
456.0625... 21 JRC ch.s, to 456.3125
457.0 ... H.O. (+5.5?)
457.256 ... JFMG location talkback base, to 457.468
(with 467.293-467.531) 6.25 kHz offsets
457.475 ... H.O.
457.5... Scanning Telemetry, to 458.5 (split +5.5: 463-464)
457.525 ... Marine on-board comms, to 457.575 (may be split +10)
458.5... Telemetry, SRD, to 459.1
458.85.. On-site paging / local comms, to 459.475
459.475 ... H.O. (.4875 .5125 .5375)
459.525 ... PBR, see 453.025
460.500 ... SAB?, H.O.
460.775 ... PBR, see 455.475,
461.2375... JFMG, & 461.25 (split +7.2875: 468.525 & 468.5375)
461.2625.PBR and SRBR, to 461.4875 (SRBR until 31-12-2003)
461.500 ... PBR, see 456
462.500 ... H.O.
462.756 ... JFMG fixed sites talkback
(split +6.7375/+6.875: 469.493-469.868) 6.25kHz offsets
463.000 ... ST, see 457.5
464.000 ... H.O., see 450
467.2625.JFMG links and talkback (+airborne)
467.275 ... see 457.25
467.525 .. Marine on-board, to 467.575 single, or dual: see -10
(future use of the 2 12.5kHz channels)
468.018 ... JFMG, to 468.5375, see 455 and 461.237
469.493 ... fixed sites, see 462.756
469.875..H.O.
-470---------------------------
Band IV - TV Broadcasting in 8MHz channels (21 to 35)
+ land mobile (secondary - JFMG)
UK System I (PAL) : Offsets of +/- 25 kHz may be used to alleviate
co-channel interference
AM Vision carrier at +1.25 (Lower Sideband vestigial)
FMW Sound carrier at +7.25 (sound 6 higher than video)
Nicam digital sound at +7.802
French System L (Secam) : Offsets of +/- 37.5 kHz may be used.
AM Vision carrier at +1.25 (inverted video)
AM Sound carrier at +7.75 (sound 6.5 higher than video)
Nicam digital sound at +7.55
JFMG - ch 21 to 34 - mics and talkback (split +80MHz)
470-478 21 477.25 sound
478-486 22 485.25
486-494 23 493.25
494-502 24 501.25
502-510 25 509.25
510-518 26 517.25
518-526 27 525.25
526-534 28 533.25
534-542 29 541.25
542-550 30 549.25
550-558 31 557.25
558-566 32 565.25
566-574 33 573.25
574-582 34 581.25
582-590 35 589.25 + JFMG links and mics
-590---------------------------
UK Aero. Navigation + JFMG mics
594 Radar 50cm
590-598 (36) VCRs / Computers etc
-598---------------------------
Band V - TV Broadcasting in 8MHz channels (37 to 68)
+ land mobile (secondary - JFMG mics)
598-606 37 605.25 + JFMG links
606-614 38 613.25
610 Radio Astronomy
614-622 39 621.25 + JFMG talkback (split -80Mhz), to 662
622-630 40 629.25
630-638 41 637.25
638-646 42 645.25
646-654 43 653.25
654-662 44 661.25
662-670 45 669.25
670-678 46 677.25
678-686 47 685.25
686-694 48 693.25
694-702 49 701.25
702-710 50 709.25
710-718 51 717.25
718-726 52 725.25
726-734 53 733.25
734-742 54 741.25
742-750 55 749.25
750-758 56 757.25
758-766 57 765.25
766-774 58 773.25
774-782 59 781.25
782-790 60 789.25
-790---------------------------
TV, Land Mobile (secondary - JFMG mics) Military Radio Relay
790-798 61 797.25
798-806 62 805.25
806-814 63 813.25
814-822 64 821.25
822-830 65 829.25
830-838 66 837.25
838-846 67 845.25
846-854 68 853.25
854-862 (often refered to as channel 69, a proposed extension) - JFMG SAB
-854---------------------------
Mobile, military
854... SAB, mics, SRD, CT2 cordless phones, to 870
854... JFMG, to 862 - mics, links
856... MoD, to 859.75 Tactical training
863... SRD, to 865
864.1 .. CT2, to 868.1 to be reviewed 2002
915... Base section, to 960 (split -45: 870-915) Cellphones - GSM
Global System for Mobility
917.0125.ETACS/TACS, to 949.9875 (25 kHz channels, 12.5kHz offsets)
to be phased out by 2005
917 - 925 Vodafone
925 - 933 Cellnet
919.5 ... future Amateur, to 920 - recommended by DSI2 for 2008
921... UIC, to 925 (by 2005) Euro. Railways GSM system
925.2... EGSM - Extended GSM, to 935
935.2... GSM, to 959.8 (124x TDMA 200kHz channels)
Digital. Scrambled. Base continuous.
933 - 939.6 Vodafone
939.8 - 947 Cellnet
947 - 955 Vodafone
955 - 960 Cellnet
933... DSRR, to 935 (Digital Short Range Radio),
will NOT happen, Euro plans withdrawn
934.0125.UK CB, to 934.9625 (934/81) (20 channels, 50kHz spacing)
ended 31/12/98
-960---------------------------
Aero. Navigation (DME/IFF), military JTIDS
966 Astronomy +/-4 MHz
978.... DME Ground reply X channels, to 1087
(paired with 1xx.x0 MHz) (to +63)
1025... DME Air mobile channels, to 1150
(1-126 x 1 MHz channels; 1-16 and 60-69 not used)
Selected in aircraft by tuning to a paired channel between
108 and 118 MHz. Pulses are transmitted by the aircraft,
returned by the ground station, and the time difference measured.
1104... DME Ground reply Y channels, to 1213
(paired with 1xx.x5 MHz) (to -63)
1030 SSR/IFF (Squalk) Ground (secondary radar - rotating),
air reply on 1090
-1,215----microwaves-----------
Mobile, military, radar
1246... Russian GPS GLONASS (GLObal NAv. Sat. Sys.) L2,
0-12: 1246+n(0.4375) see 1602
1240... Amateur 23cm band, to 1325 CW,SSB/FM/TV
1296... narrowband modes, beacons, to 1297
1297... FM repeaters RM0 to RM19 (split -6: 1291..)
1297.0 RM0
1297.05 RM2
1297.075 RM3
1297.125 RM5
1297.15 RM6
1297.225 RM9
1297.375 RM15
1297.475 RM19 (not in use)
1297.5.. FM simplex, to 1298
1297.50 FM calling
1298.275.German repeaters, to 1298.65 (split -28: 1270..)
-1,325----(1.325 GHz)-----------
Mobile, Satellite, Fixed, Navigation etc...
Rather specialist, wavelengths of less than 30cm really do allow
for high gain antennas, with very narrow beamwidths. Cable losses
become very noticeable and/or untenable. Mobile "flutter" quite
severe, mobile systems need many more base stations to cover a given
area. Most useful uses are direct fixed links, point to point,
satellite (line of sight), low range etc.
So - mostly un-interceptable and/or digital.
1,400... Transmission Prohibited, to 1427
Astronomy, Space Research, SETI, Hydrogen Line. Certain frequencies
around here propagate very well through the universe, so the boffins
listen here for extra-terrestial transmissions. But surely the little
grey men are doing the same thing?
1,452... L-Band DAB, to 1492
1488.25 JFMG links, to 1490.75
1,525... Satellite comms downlinks, to 1559 Inmarsat GMDSS etc
(uplinks 1626.5-1660.5) (+101.5?)
1,575.42 Navstar GPS Nav L1 C/A (military accuracy with 1227.6 L2) Spread.
(L3 1381.05 used)
1,602... Russian GLONASS L1, 0-12: 1602+n(0.5625) spread spectrum
1,610... LEO MSS, to 1626.5 (up&down) CDMA i.e. Globalstar,
Iridium (TDMA, 780km up)
1,800.30.TFTS in-flight digital phones (air-ground), to 1804.969
(164 x 30.303 kHz channels : ground at -130)
1,690... Weather Satellite HRPT (Hi-res pics), to 1710 NOAA, GOES, MeteoSat
1,805... PCN mobile phones, to 1876.5 (split -95: 1710..)
1805 - 1816.5 soon to be shared by Cellnet & Vodaphone
1816.5 - 1846.5 One 2 One
1846.5 - 1876.5 Orange
1,880... DECT Digital Euro. Cordless Telephones, to 1900
1,900... future UMTS, to 2025 (with 2110-2200)
IMT-2000, FPLMTS 3rd generation mobile (-190?)
2,310... Ham 13cm band, to 2,450
2.4 ... JFMG video links & cameras, to 2.68
2,402... Bluetooth digital SRD, to 2.480 (79 x 1MHz channels)
1600 hops per sec over 32 channels
2,450 ISM Industrial/Scientific/Medical, your microwave oven. Really.
3,000 Radar 10cm
3,400... Ham 9cm band, to 3,475
3,675... C-Band satellite TV, to 4,200
5,650... Ham 6cm band, to 5,850
9,400 Radar 3cm
10,000... Ham 3cm band, to 10,150 - and 10,300 to 10,500
-10,700---(10.7 GHz)-----------
Satellite TV, Ku band - Astra,Eutelsat,Intelsat etc. (35,800km up)
10,700...FSS
11,700...BSS DBS (Band VI)
12,500...Telecom
-12,750------------------------
These are really small radio wavelengths...
24,000...Ham 12mm band, to 24,250
40,500...future ITC 7mm MVDS Multipoint Video Distribution, to 42.5 GHz
47,000...Ham 6mm band, to 47,200
75,500...Ham 4mm band, to 76,000
142,000..Ham 2mm band, to 144,000
248,000 Ham 1.2mm band, to 250,000 - 248 GHz, hmmmm.
Radio or Far Infra-Red?
There's a bit of overlap near 1mm wavelengths...
-275,000------(275 GHz)--------
Far Infra-Red, to 25,000 GHz (over 1mm to 12?m)
-25,000,000---(25 THz)---------
Infra-red
-441 THz-----------------------
Visible wavelengths. Otherwise known as "Light".
Red to Violet (680-420nm).
Some of my favourite frequencies. Green is rather nice.
-714 THz-----------------------
Near Ultraviolet. 300nm-180nm
-1,666 THz---------------------
Far Ultraviolet 180nm-91nm
-3,289 THz---------------------
Extreme Ultraviolet 91nm-10nm
912-100 Angstroms
-30,000,000,000---(30 PHz)-----
X-rays 10nm-10pm
100-0.1 Angstroms
-30,000,000,000,000--(30 EHz)--
Gamma rays 10pm-100fm and beyond
That's enough. Obsessive? Me?
---------
Frequency multiplied by wavelength
gives 300,000,000 m/s - the speed of light...
or 299,792,458 to be more exact.
300 mHz > 3000 mHz 1Gm > 100Mm easier to count s/cycle than c/s !
3 Hz > 30 Hz 100Mm > 10Mm VERY long waves! Natural 'Earth' waves
30 Hz > 300 Hz ELF 10Mm > 1Mm Bass!
300 Hz > 3000 Hz ILF 1000km > 100km Voice frequencies (sound)
3 kHz > 30 kHz VLF 100km > 10km
30 kHz > 300 kHz LF 10km > 1km
300 kHz > 3000 kHz MF 1km > 100m
3 MHz > 30 MHz HF 100m > 10m
30 MHz > 300 MHz VHF 10m > 1m
300 MHz > 3000 MHz UHF 1m > 10cm
3 GHz > 30 GHz SHF 10cm > 1cm
30 GHz > 300 GHz EHF 1cm > 1mm mainly experimental
300 GHz > 30 THz THF 1mm > 10um limits of radio / far infra-red
30 THz > 300 THz 10um > 1um infra-red light
300 THz > 3000 THz 1um > 100nm infra red > visible > ultra violet
3 PHz > 30 PHz 100nm > 10nm extreme ultra violet
30 PHz > 30 EHz 10nm > 10pm x-rays
30 EHz > 10pm > Gamma rays
1 micron = 1 micrometer = 1um = 1000nm = one thousandth of a mm
10 Angstrom = 1 nanometer i.e. 5000A=500nm 1A=0.1nm=100pm
X unit (Xu) = approx. 0.001002 angstrom, or 100.2 femtometers, defined by
M. Siegbahn in 1925. Formerly used for measuring the wavelength of X rays
and gamma rays now measured in picometers (pm) or femtometers (fm).
1 Fermi = 1fm = about the size of an atom's nucleus
---------------
Metric prefixes
Ten to the power of
-27 vimto v
-24 yocto y
-21 zepto z
-18 atto a Greek: atten = eighteen
-15 femto f Greek: fempten = fifteen
-12 (trillionth) pico p 'little bit'
-9 (billionth) nano n nanos = dwarf
-6 (millionth) micro u mikros = small
-3 (thousandth) milli m mille = thousand
-2 (hundredth) centi c centum = hundred
-1 (tenth) deci d decimus = tenth
1 (ten) deca da deka = ten
2 (hundred) hecto h hekaton = hundred
3 (thousand) kilo k Greek: Khilioi
6 (million) mega M megas = great
9 (billion) giga G gigas = giant
12 (trillion) tera T teras = monster
15 (quadrillion) peta P
18 (quintillion) exa E
21 (sextillion) zetta Z
24 (septillion) yotta Y
27 (octillion)
30 (nonillion)
33 (decillion
36 (undecillion)
39 (dodecillion) These American terms obviously increment by one per
42 (tredecillion) thousand. In Europe however, we prefer to do it by
45 (quattuordecillion) millions. Thus a Euro billion is a million millions
48 (quindecillion) and not a thousand millions.
51 (sexdecillion)
99 (dotrigintillion)
100 (googol)
120 (novemtrigintillion)
303 (centillion)
googol (googolplex)
-------
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