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BIOC.III
BIOC AGENT 003'S COURSE IN [BASIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS] Part III
Revised 18-July-84 Word Processed by Tharrys Ridenow
[PREFACE]:
In Part III, we will discuss the dialing procedures for domestic as well as
international dialing. We will also take a look at the telephone numbering
plan.
NORTH AMERICAN NUMBERING PLAN
In North America, the telephone numbering plan is as follows:
A) A 3 digit Numbering Plan Area (NPA) Code (Area Code [A/C])
B) A 7 digit telephone number consisting of a 3 digit Central Office (CO)
code plus a 4 digit station number.
These 10 digits are called the network address or destination code. It is
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in the format of:
AREA CODE TELEPHONE NUMBER
nyx nxx-xxxx
Where: n= a digit from 2-9, y= 0 or 1, and x= a digit 0-9
AREA CODES:
Check your telephone book or the seperate listing of area codes found on
many BBS's. Here are the Special Area Codes (SAC's):
510: TWX (USA)
610: TWX (Canada)
700: New service
710: TWX (USA)
800: Wide Area Telephone Service (WATS)
810: TWX (USA)
900: Dial-it services
910: TWX (USA)
The other area codes never cross state lines, therefore each state must
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have at least one exclusive NPA code. When a community is split by a state
line, the CO #'s are often interchangable (i.e., you can dial the same # from 2
different area codes).
TWX:
TWX (Telex II) consists of 5 teletypewriter area codes. They are owned by
Western Union. These SAC's may only be reached via other TWX machines. Be-
sides the TWX #'s, these machines are routed to normal telephone #'s. TWX
machines always respond with an answerback. For example, WU's FYI TWX # is
(910) 988-5956, the corresponding real number to this is (201) 279-5956. The
answerback for this service is "WU FYI MAWA."
If you don't want to buy a TWX machine, you can still send TWX messages us-
ing Easylink [(800) 325-4112: see TUC's and my article entitled "Hacking
Western Union's Easylink"].
700:
At the time of this writing, the 700 exchange does not yet exist. AT&T
plans to use it soon, though. They plan to make it a kind of fancy call for-
warding service. It will be targetted towards salesmen on the run.
To understand how it works, I'll explain it with an example. Let's say Joe
Q. Salespig works for AT&T Security and he is on the run chasing a phreak
around the country that royally screwed up an important COSMOS system. Let's
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say that Joe's 700 # is (700) 382-5968. Every time Joe goes to a new hotel, he
dials a special 700 #, enters a code, and the # where he is staying. Now, if
his boss decided that he needed to get in touch with Joe, FAST, all he would
have to do is dial (700) 382-5968, and it would ring whatever number Joe last
programmed it to. Neat, huh?
800: Wide Area Telephone Service (WATS)
This SAC is one of my favorites since it allows for toll-free calls.
Inward WATS (INWATS): Inward Wide Area Telecommunications Service is the 800
#'s that we are all familiar with. 800 #'s are set up in service areas or
bands. There are 6 of these. Band 6 is the largest and you can call a band 6
# from anywhere in the US except in the state where the call is terminated
(this is why most companies have 1 800 # for the country and then another for
just one state). Band 5 includes the 48 contiguous states. All the way down
to band 1 which includes only the states contiguous to that one. Therefore,
less people can reach a band 1 INWATS # than a band 6 #.
Intrastate INWATS #'s (ie, you can call it from only one state) always have
a 2 as the last digit in the exchange (ie, 800-nx2-xxxx). The nxx on 800 #'s
represents the area where the business is located. For example, an 800 # 800-
431-xxxx would terminate at a New York CO.
800 #'s always end up in a hunt series in a CO. This means that it tries
the first # allocated to the company for their 800 lines; if this is busy it
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will then try the next #, etc. You must have a minimum of 2 lines per each 800
#. For example, Travelnet uses a hunt series. If you dial (800) 521-8400, it
will first try the # associated with 8400; if it is busy it will go the next
available port, etc. INWATS customers are billed by the # of hours of calls
that are made to their number.
Outward WATS (OUTWATS): OUTWATS are for making outgoing calls only. Large
companies use OUTWATS since they receive bulk-rate discounts. Since OUTWATS
#'s cannot have incoming calls, they are in the format of (800) *xx-xxxx where