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Urantia Book Paper 83 The Marriage Institution
SPIRITWEB ORG, PROMOTING SPIRITUAL CONSCIOUSNESS ON THE INTERNET.
Subjects Archive The Urantia Book Urantia Book PART III: The History of Urantia
: The Origin Of Urantia Life Establishment On Urantia The Marine-life Era On
Urantia Urantia During The Early Land-life Era The Mammalian Era On Urantia The
Dawn Races Of Early Man The First Human Family The Evolutionary Races Of Color
The Overcontrol Of Evolution The Planetary Prince Of Urantia The Planetary
Rebellion The Dawn Of Civilization Primitive Human Institutions The Evolution
Of Human Government Development Of The State Government On A Neighboring Planet
The Garden Of Eden Adam And Eve The Default Of Adam And Eve The Second Garden
The Midway Creatures The Violet Race After The Days Of Adam Andite Expansion In
The Orient Andite Expansion In The Occident Development Of Modern Civilization
The Evolution Of Marriage The Marriage Institution Marriage And Family Life The
Origins Of Worship Early Evolution Of Religion The Ghost Cults Fetishes,
Charms, And Magic Sin, Sacrifice, And Atonement Shamanism--medicine Men And
Priests The Evolution Of Prayer The Later Evolution Of Religion Machiventa
Melchizedek The Melchizedek Teachings In The Orient The Melchizedek Teachings
In The Levant Yahweh--god Of The Hebrews Evolution Of The God Concept Among The
Hebrews The Melchizedek Teachings In The Occident The Social Problems Of
Religion Religion In Human Experience The Real Nature Of Religion The
Foundations Of Religious Faith The Reality Of Religious Experience Growth Of
The Trinity Concept Deity And Reality Universe Levels Of Reality Origin And
Nature Of Thought Adjusters Mission And Ministry Of Thought Adjusters Relation
Of Adjusters To Universe Creatures Relation Of Adjusters To Individual Mortals
...
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Paper 83 The Marriage Institution
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Introduction
THIS is the recital of the early beginnings of the institution of marriage. It
has progressed steadily from the loose and promiscuous matings of the herd
through many variations and adaptations, even to the appearance of those
marriage standards which eventually culminated in the realization of pair
matings, the union of one man and one woman to establish a home of the highest
social order.
Marriage has been many times in jeopardy, and the marriage mores have drawn
heavily on both property and religion for support; but the real influence which
forever safeguards marriage and the resultant family is the simple and innate
biologic fact that men and women positively will not live without each other,
be they the most primitive savages or the most cultured mortals.
It is because of the sex urge that selfish man is lured into making something
better than an animal out of himself. The self-regarding and self-gratifying
sex relationship entails the certain consequences of self-denial and insures
the assumption of altruistic duties and numerous race-benefiting home
responsibilities. Herein has sex been the unrecognized and unsuspected
civilizer of the savage; for this same sex impulse automatically and unerringly
compels man to think and eventually leads him to love.
1. MARRIAGE AS A SOCIETAL INSTITUTION
Marriage is society's mechanism designed to regulate and control those many
human relations which arise out of the physical fact of bisexuality. As such an
institution, marriage functions in two directions:
1. In the regulation of personal sex relations.
2. In the regulation of descent, inheritance, succession, and social order,
this being its older and original function.
The family, which grows out of marriage, is itself a stabilizer of the marriage
institution together with the property mores. Other potent factors in marriage
stability are pride, vanity, chivalry, duty, and religious convictions. But
while marriages may be approved or disapproved on high, they are hardly made in
heaven. The human family is a distinctly human institution, an evolutionary
development. Marriage is an institution of society, not a department of the
church. True, religion should mightily influence it but should not undertake
exclusively to control and regulate it.
Primitive marriage was primarily industrial; and even in modern times it is
often a social or business affair. Through the influence of the mixture of the
Andite stock and as a result of the mores of advancing civilization, marriage
is slowly becoming mutual, romantic, parental, poetical, affectionate, ethical,
and even idealistic. Selection and so-called romantic love, however, were at
top of page - 923
a minimum in primitive mating. During early times husband and wife were not
much together; they did not even eat together very often. But among the
ancients, personal affection was not strongly linked to sex attraction; they
became fond of one another largely because of living and working together.
2. COURTSHIP AND BETROTHAL
Primitive marriages were always planned by the parents of the boy and girl. The
transition stage between this custom and the times of free choosing was
occupied by the marriage broker or professional matchmaker. These matchmakers
were at first the barbers; later, the priests. Marriage was originally a group
affair; then a family matter; only recently has it become an individual
adventure.
Coercion, not attraction, was the approach to primitive marriage. In early
times woman had no sex aloofness, only sex inferiority as inculcated by the
mores. As raiding preceded trading, so marriage by capture preceded marriage by
contract. Some women would connive at capture in order to escape the domination
of the older men of their tribe; they preferred to fall into the hands of men
of their own age from another tribe. This pseudo elopement was the transition
stage between capture by force and subsequent courtship by charming.
An early type of wedding ceremony was the mimic flight, a sort of elopement
rehearsal which was once a common practice. Later, mock capture became a part
of the regular wedding ceremony. A modern girl's pretensions to resist
"capture," to be reticent toward marriage, are all relics of olden customs. The
carrying of the bride over the threshold is reminiscent of a number of ancient
practices, among others, of the days of wife stealing.
Woman was long denied full freedom of self-disposal in marriage, but the more
intelligent women have always been able to circumvent this restriction by the
clever exercise of their wits. Man has usually taken the lead in courtship, but
not always. Woman sometimes formally, as well as covertly, initiates marriage.
And as civilization has progressed, women have had an increasing part in all
phases of courtship and marriage.
Increasing love, romance, and personal selection in premarital courtship are an
Andite contribution to the world races. The relations between the sexes are
evolving favorably; many advancing peoples are gradually substituting somewhat
idealized concepts of sex attraction for those older motives of utility and
ownership. Sex impulse and feelings of affection are beginning to displace cold
calculation in the choosing of life partners.
The betrothal was originally equivalent to marriage; and among early peoples
sex relations were conventional during the engagement. In recent times,
religion has established a sex taboo on the period between betrothal and
marriage.
3. PURCHASE AND DOWRY
The ancients mistrusted love and promises; they thought that abiding unions
must be guaranteed by some tangible security, property. For this reason, the
purchase price of a wife was regarded as a forfeit or deposit which the husband
was doomed to lose in case of divorce or desertion. Once the purchase price of
a bride had been paid, many tribes permitted the husband's brand to be burned
upon her. Africans still buy their wives. A love wife, or a white man's wife,
they compare to a cat because she costs nothing.
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The bride shows were occasions for dressing up and decorating daughters for
public exhibition with the idea of their bringing higher prices as wives. But
they were not sold as animals--among the later tribes such a wife was not
transferable. Neither was her purchase always just a cold-blooded money
transaction; service was equivalent to cash in the purchase of a wife. If an
otherwise desirable man could not pay for his wife, he could be adopted as a
son by the girl's father and then could marry. And if a poor man sought a wife
and could not meet the price demanded by a grasping father, the elders would
often bring pressure to bear upon the father which would result in a
modification of his demands, or else there might be an elopement.
As civilization progressed, fathers did not like to appear to sell their
daughters, and so, while continuing to accept the bride purchase price, they
initiated the custom of giving the pair valuable presents which about equaled
the purchase money. And upon the later discontinuance of payment for the bride,
these presents became the bride's dowry.
The idea of a dowry was to convey the impression of the bride's independence,
to suggest far removal from the times of slave wives and property companions. A
man could not divorce a dowered wife without paying back the dowry in full.
Among some tribes a mutual deposit was made with the parents of both bride and
groom to be forfeited in case either deserted the other, in reality a marriage
bond. During the period of transition from purchase to dowry, if the wife were
purchased, the children belonged to the father; if not, they belonged to the
wife's family.
4. THE WEDDING CEREMONY
The wedding ceremony grew out of the fact that marriage was originally a
community affair, not just the culmination of a decision of two individuals.
Mating was of group concern as well as a personal function.
Magic, ritual, and ceremony surrounded the entire life of the ancients, and
marriage was no exception. As civilization advanced, as marriage became more
seriously regarded, the wedding ceremony became increasingly pretentious. Early
marriage was a factor in property interests, even as it is today, and therefore
required a legal ceremony, while the social status of subsequent children
demanded the widest possible publicity. Primitive man had no records; therefore
must the marriage ceremony be witnessed by many persons.
At first the wedding ceremony was more on the order of a betrothal and
consisted only in public notification of intention of living together; later it
consisted in formal eating together. Among some tribes the parents simply took
their daughter to the husband; in other cases the only ceremony was the formal
exchange of presents, after which the bride's father would present her to the
groom. Among many Levantine peoples it was the custom to dispense with all
formality, marriage being consummated by sex relations. The red man was the
first to develop the more elaborate celebration of weddings.
Childlessness was greatly dreaded, and since barrenness was attributed to
spirit machinations, efforts to insure fecundity also led to the association of
marriage with certain magical or religious ceremonials. And in this effort to
insure a happy and fertile marriage, many charms were employed; even the
astrologers were consulted to ascertain the birth stars of the contracting
parties.
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At one time the human sacrifice was a regular feature of all weddings among
well-to-do people.
Lucky days were sought out, Thursday being most favorably regarded, and
weddings celebrated at the full of the moon were thought to be exceptionally
fortunate. It was the custom of many Near Eastern peoples to throw grain upon
the newlyweds; this was a magical rite which was supposed to insure fecundity.
Certain Oriental peoples used rice for this purpose.
Fire and water were always considered the best means of resisting ghosts and
evil spirits; hence altar fires and lighted candles, as well as the baptismal
sprinkling of holy water, were usually in evidence at weddings. For a long time
it was customary to set a false wedding day and then suddenly postpone the
event so as to put the ghosts and spirits off the track.
The teasing of newlyweds and the pranks played upon honeymooners are all relics
of those far-distant days when it was thought best to appear miserable and ill
at ease in the sight of the spirits so as to avoid arousing their envy. The
wearing of the bridal veil is a relic of the times when it was considered
necessary to disguise the bride so that ghosts might not recognize her and also
to hide her beauty from the gaze of the otherwise jealous and envious spirits.
The bride's feet must never touch the ground just prior to the ceremony. Even
in the twentieth century it is still the custom under the Christian mores to
stretch carpets from the carriage landing to the church altar.
One of the most ancient forms of the wedding ceremony was to have a priest
bless the wedding bed to insure the fertility of the union; this was done long
before any formal wedding ritual was established. During this period in the
evolution of the marriage mores the wedding guests were expected to file
through the bedchamber at night, thus constituting legal witness to the
consummation of marriage.
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The luck element, that in spite of all premarital tests certain marriages
turned out bad, led primitive man to seek insurance protection against marriage
failure; led him to go in quest of priests and magic. And this movement
culminated directly in modern church weddings. But for a long time marriage was
generally recognized as consisting in the decisions of the contracting
parents--later of the pair while for the last five hundred years church and
state have assumed jurisdiction and now presume to make pronouncements of
marriage.
5. PLURAL MARRIAGES
In the early history of marriage the unmarried women belonged to the men of the
tribe. Later on, a woman had only one husband at a time. This practice of
one-man-at-a-time was the first step away from the promiscuity of the herd.
While a woman was allowed but one man, her husband could sever such temporary
relationships at will. But these loosely regulated associations were the first
step toward living pairwise in distinction to living herdwise. In this stage of
marriage development children usually belonged to the mother.
The next step in mating evolution was the group marriage. This communal phase
of marriage had to intervene in the unfolding of family life because the
marriage mores were not yet strong enough to make pair associations permanent.
The brother and sister marriages belonged to this group; five brothers of one
family would marry five sisters of another. All over the world the looser forms
of communal marriage gradually evolved into various types of group marriage.
And these group associations were largely regulated by the totem mores. Family
life slowly and surely developed because sex and marriage regulation favored
the survival of the tribe itself by insuring the survival of larger numbers of
children.
Group marriages gradually gave way before the emerging practices of
polygamy--polygyny and polyandry--among the more advanced tribes. But polyandry
was never general, being usually limited to queens and rich women; furthermore,
it was customarily a family affair, one wife for several brothers. Caste and
economic restrictions sometimes made it necessary for several men to content
themselves with one wife. Even then, the woman would marry only one, the others
being loosely tolerated as "uncles" of the joint progeny.
The Jewish custom requiring that a man consort with his deceased brother's
widow for the purpose of "raising up seed for his brother," was the custom of
more than half the ancient world. This was a relic of the time when marriage
was a family affair rather than an individual association.
The institution of polygyny recognized, at various times, four sorts of wives:
1. The ceremonial or legal wives.
top of page - 927
2. Wives of affection and permission.
3. Concubines, contractual wives.
4. Slave wives.
True polygyny, where all the wives are of equal status and all the children
equal, has been very rare. Usually, even with plural marriages, the home was
dominated by the head wife, the status companion. She alone had the ritual
wedding ceremony, and only the children of such a purchased or dowered spouse
could inherit unless by special arrangement with the status wife.
The status wife was not necessarily the love wife; in early times she usually
was not. The love wife, or sweetheart, did not appear until the races were
considerably advanced, more particularly after the blending of the evolutionary
tribes with the Nodites and Adamites.
The taboo wife--one wife of legal status--created the concubine mores. Under
these mores a man might have only one wife, but he could maintain sex relations
with any number of concubines. Concubinage was the steppingstone to monogamy,
the first move away from frank polygyny. The concubines of the Jews, Romans,
and Chinese were very frequently the handmaidens of the wife. Later on, as
among the Jews, the legal wife was looked upon as the mother of all children
born to the husband.
The olden taboos on sex relations with a pregnant or nursing wife tended
greatly to foster polygyny. Primitive women aged very early because of frequent
childbearing coupled with hard work. (Such overburdened wives only managed to
exist by virtue of the fact that they were put in isolation one week out of
each month when they were not heavy with child.) Such a wife often grew tired
of bearing children and would request her husband to take a second and younger
wife, one able to help with both childbearing and the domestic work. The new
wives were therefore usually hailed with delight by the older spouses; there
existed nothing on the order of sex jealousy.
The number of wives was only limited by the ability of the man to provide for
them. Wealthy and able men wanted large numbers of children, and since the
infant mortality was very high, it required an assembly of wives to recruit a
large family. Many of these plural wives were mere laborers, slave wives.
Human customs evolve, but very slowly. The purpose of a harem was to build up a
strong and numerous body of blood kin for the support of the throne. A certain
chief was once convinced that he should not have a harem, that he should be
contented with one wife; so he promptly dismissed his harem. The dissatisfied
wives went to their homes, and their offended relatives swept down on the chief
in wrath and did away with him then and there.
6. TRUE MONOGAMY--PAIR MARRIAGE
Monogamy is monopoly; it is good for those who attain this desirable state, but
it tends to work a biologic hardship on those who are not so fortunate. But
quite regardless of the effect on the individual, monogamy is decidedly best
for the children.
The earliest monogamy was due to force of circumstances, poverty. Monogamy is
cultural and societal, artificial and unnatural, that is, unnatural to
evolutionary man. It was wholly natural to the purer Nodites and Adamites and
has been of great cultural value to all advanced races.
The Chaldean tribes recognized the right of a wife to impose a premarital
pledge upon her spouse not to take a second wife or concubine; both the Greeks
and the Romans favored monogamous marriage. Ancestor worship has always
fostered monogamy, as has the Christian error of regarding marriage as a
sacrament. Even the elevation of the standard of living has consistently
militated against plural wives. By the time of Michael's advent on Urantia
practically all of the civilized world had attained the level of theoretical
monogamy. But this passive monogamy did not mean that mankind had become
habituated to the practice of real pair marriage.
While pursuing the monogamic goal of the ideal pair marriage, which is, after
all, something of a monopolistic sex association, society must not overlook the
unenviable situation of those unfortunate men and women who fail to find a
place in this new and improved social order, even when having done their best
to co-operate with, and enter into, its requirements. Failure to gain mates in
the social arena of competition may be due to insurmountable difficulties or
multitudinous restrictions which the current mores have imposed. Truly,
monogamy is ideal for those who are in, but it must inevitably work great
hardship on those who are left out in the cold of solitary existence.
Always have the unfortunate few had to suffer that the majority might advance
under the developing mores of evolving civilization; but always should the
favored majority look with kindness and consideration on their less fortunate
fellows who must pay the price of failure to attain membership in the ranks of
those ideal sex partnerships which afford the satisfaction of all biologic
urges under the sanction of the highest mores of advancing social evolution.
Monogamy always has been, now is, and forever will be the idealistic goal of
human sex evolution. This ideal of true pair marriage entails self-denial, and
therefore does it so often fail just because one or both of the contracting
parties are deficient in that acme of all human virtues, rugged self-control.
Monogamy is the yardstick which measures the advance of social civilization as
distinguished from purely biologic evolution. Monogamy is not necessarily
biologic or natural, but it is indispensable to the immediate maintenance and
top of page - 928
further development of social civilization. It contributes to a delicacy of
sentiment, a refinement of moral character, and a spiritual growth which are
utterly impossible in polygamy. A woman never can become an ideal mother when
she is all the while compelled to engage in rivalry for her husband's
affections.
Pair marriage favors and fosters that intimate understanding and effective
co-operation which is best for parental happiness, child welfare, and social
efficiency. Marriage, which began in crude coercion, is gradually evolving into
a magnificent institution of self-culture, self-control, self-expression, and
self-perpetuation.
7. THE DISSOLUTION OF WEDLOCK
In the early evolution of the marital mores, marriage was a loose union which
could be terminated at will, and the children always followed the mother; the
mother-child bond is instinctive and has functioned regardless of the
developmental stage of the mores.
Among primitive peoples only about one half the marriages proved satisfactory.
The most frequent cause for separation was barrenness, which was always blamed
on the wife; and childless wives were believed to become snakes in the spirit
world. Under the more primitive mores, divorce was had at the option of the man
alone, and these standards have persisted to the twentieth century among some
peoples.
As the mores evolved, certain tribes developed two forms of marriage: the
ordinary, which permitted divorce, and the priest marriage, which did not allow
for separation. The inauguration of wife purchase and wife dowry, by
introducing a property penalty for marriage failure, did much to lessen
separation. And, indeed, many modern unions are stabilized by this ancient
property factor.
The social pressure of community standing and property privileges has always
been potent in the maintenance of the marriage taboos and mores. Down through
the ages marriage has made steady progress and stands on advanced ground in the
modern world, notwithstanding that it is threateningly assailed by widespread
dissatisfaction among those peoples where individual choice--a new
liberty--figures most largely. While these upheavals of adjustment appear among
the more progressive races as a result of suddenly accelerated social
evolution, among the less advanced peoples marriage continues to thrive and
slowly improve under the guidance of the older mores.
The new and sudden substitution of the more ideal but extremely individualistic
love motive in marriage for the older and long-established property motive, has
unavoidably caused the marriage institution to become temporarily unstable.
Man's marriage motives have always far transcended actual marriage morals, and
in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the Occidental ideal of marriage has
suddenly far outrun the self-centered and but partially controlled sex impulses
of the races. The presence of large numbers of unmarried persons in any society
indicates the temporary breakdown or the transition of the mores.
The real test of marriage, all down through the ages, has been that continuous
intimacy which is inescapable in all family life. Two pampered and spoiled
youths, educated to expect every indulgence and full gratification of vanity
and ego, can hardly hope to make a great success of marriage and home
building--a life-long partnership of self-effacement, compromise, devotion, and
unselfish dedication to child culture.
top of page - 929
The high degree of imagination and fantastic romance entering into courtship is
largely responsible for the increasing divorce tendencies among modern
Occidental peoples, all of which is further complicated by woman's greater
personal freedom and increased economic liberty. Easy divorce, when the result
of lack of self-control or failure of normal personality adjustment, only leads
directly back to those crude societal stages from which man has emerged so
recently and as the result of so much personal anguish and racial suffering.
But just so long as society fails to properly educate children and youths, so
long as the social order fails to provide adequate premarital training, and so
long as unwise and immature youthful idealism is to be the arbiter of the
entrance upon marriage, just so long will divorce remain prevalent. And in so
far as the social group falls short of providing marriage preparation for
youths, to that extent must divorce function as the social safety valve which
prevents still worse situations during the ages of the rapid growth of the
evolving mores.
The ancients seem to have regarded marriage just about as seriously as some
present-day people do. And it does not appear that many of the hasty and
unsuccessful marriages of modern times are much of an improvement over the
ancient practices of qualifying young men and women for mating. The great
inconsistency of modern society is to exalt love and to idealize marriage while
disapproving of the fullest examination of both.
8. THE IDEALIZATION OF MARRIAGE
Marriage which culminates in the home is indeed man's most exalted institution,
but it is essentially human; it should never have been called a sacrament. The
Sethite priests made marriage a religious ritual; but for thousands of years
after Eden, mating continued as a purely social and civil institution.
The likening of human associations to divine associations is most unfortunate.
The union of husband and wife in the marriage-home relationship is a material
function of the mortals of the evolutionary worlds. True, indeed, much
spiritual progress may accrue consequent upon the sincere human efforts of
husband and wife to progress, but this does not mean that marriage is
necessarily sacred. Spiritual progress is attendant upon sincere application to
other avenues of human endeavor.
Neither can marriage be truly compared to the relation of the Adjuster to man
nor to the fraternity of Christ Michael and his human brethren. At scarcely any
point are such relationships comparable to the association of husband and wife.
And it is most unfortunate that the human misconception of these relationships
has produced so much confusion as to the status of marriage.
It is also unfortunate that certain groups of mortals have conceived of
marriage as being consummated by divine action. Such beliefs lead directly to
the concept of the indissolubility of the marital state regardless of the
circumstances or wishes of the contracting parties. But the very fact of
marriage dissolution itself indicates that Deity is not a conjoining party to
such unions. If God has once joined any two things or persons together, they
will remain thus joined until such a time as the divine will decrees their
separation. But, regarding marriage, which is a human institution, who shall
presume to sit in judgment, to say which marriages are unions that might be
approved by the universe supervisors in contrast with those which are purely
human in nature and origin?
top of page - 930
Nevertheless, there is an ideal of marriage on the spheres on high. On the
capital of each local system the Material Sons and Daughters of God do portray
the height of the ideals of the union of man and woman in the bonds of marriage
and for the purpose of procreating and rearing offspring. After all, the ideal
mortal marriage is humanly sacred.
Marriage always has been and still is man's supreme dream of temporal ideality.
Though this beautiful dream is seldom realized in its entirety, it endures as a
glorious ideal, ever luring progressing mankind on to greater strivings for
human happiness. But young men and women should be taught something of the
realities of marriage before they are plunged into the exacting demands of the
interassociations of family life; youthful idealization should be tempered with
some degree of premarital disillusionment.
The youthful idealization of marriage should not, however, be discouraged; such
dreams are the visualization of the future goal of family life. This attitude
is both stimulating and helpful providing it does not produce an insensitivity
to the realization of the practical and commonplace requirements of marriage
and subsequent family life.
The ideals of marriage have made great progress in recent times; among some
peoples woman enjoys practically equal rights with her consort. In concept, at
least, the family is becoming a loyal partnership for rearing offspring,
accompanied by sexual fidelity. But even this newer version of marriage need
not presume to swing so far to the extreme as to confer mutual monopoly of all
personality and individuality. Marriage is not just an individualistic ideal;
it is the evolving social partnership of a man and a woman, existing and
functioning under the current mores, restricted by the taboos, and enforced by
the laws and regulations of society.
Twentieth-century marriages stand high in comparison with those of past ages,
notwithstanding that the home institution is now undergoing a serious testing
because of the problems so suddenly thrust upon the social organization by the
precipitate augmentation of woman's liberties, rights so long denied her in the
tardy evolution of the mores of past generations.
[Presented by the Chief of Seraphim stationed on Urantia.]
top of page - 931
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Subjects Archive The Urantia Book Urantia Book PART III: The History of Urantia
: The Origin Of Urantia Life Establishment On Urantia The Marine-life Era On
Urantia Urantia During The Early Land-life Era The Mammalian Era On Urantia The
Dawn Races Of Early Man The First Human Family The Evolutionary Races Of Color
The Overcontrol Of Evolution The Planetary Prince Of Urantia The Planetary
Rebellion The Dawn Of Civilization Primitive Human Institutions The Evolution
Of Human Government Development Of The State Government On A Neighboring Planet
The Garden Of Eden Adam And Eve The Default Of Adam And Eve The Second Garden
The Midway Creatures The Violet Race After The Days Of Adam Andite Expansion In
The Orient Andite Expansion In The Occident Development Of Modern Civilization
The Evolution Of Marriage The Marriage Institution Marriage And Family Life The
Origins Of Worship Early Evolution Of Religion The Ghost Cults Fetishes,
Charms, And Magic Sin, Sacrifice, And Atonement Shamanism--medicine Men And
Priests The Evolution Of Prayer The Later Evolution Of Religion Machiventa
Melchizedek The Melchizedek Teachings In The Orient The Melchizedek Teachings
In The Levant Yahweh--god Of The Hebrews Evolution Of The God Concept Among The
Hebrews The Melchizedek Teachings In The Occident The Social Problems Of
Religion Religion In Human Experience The Real Nature Of Religion The
Foundations Of Religious Faith The Reality Of Religious Experience Growth Of
The Trinity Concept Deity And Reality Universe Levels Of Reality Origin And
Nature Of Thought Adjusters Mission And Ministry Of Thought Adjusters Relation
Of Adjusters To Universe Creatures Relation Of Adjusters To Individual Mortals
The Adjuster And The Soul Personality Survival Seraphic Guardians Of Destiny
Seraphic Planetary Government The Supreme Being The Almighty Supreme God The
Supreme Supreme And Ultimate--time And Space The Bestowals Of Christ Michael
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