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2009-08-14 08:00:27
Jeanna Bryner
Senior Writer
LiveScience.com jeanna Bryner
senior Writer
livescience.com Thu Aug 13, 3:07 pm ET
Most of us need about eight or so hours of sleep a night to perform optimally
during the day. But scientists have found a mother and daughter who naturally
snooze just six nightly hours, waking up bright-eyed and bushy tailed.
Sleep logs revealed the 44-year-old woman and her 69-year-old mother have been
"natural short sleepers" for most of their lives. They both go to bed at about
10 p.m. and rise at 4 or 4:30 a.m.
While that might sound a lot like your schedule, there's a catch: Besides
catching fewer Z's, the two family members are also very active. For instance,
the mother travels internationally often and dances three or four times a week.
"They really have shorter sleep requirements," said study researcher Ying-Hui
Fu, a professor of neurology at the University of California at San Francisco,
Mission Bay.
It turns out, the pair are genetically programmed for such abbreviated sleep.
They both carry a genetic mutation to the gene DEC2 that Fu and her colleagues
found is at least partly responsible for the sleep pattern and probably
contributes to so-called sleep homeostasis (how much sleep we need).
Scientists think sleep is controlled by at least two processes, one called
circadian rhythm that sets the timing of when we go to sleep and when we wake
up, turning some into night owls, for instance. The second is a homeostatic
process, which regulates the length of shut-eye.
Though Fu isn't sure how many people carry such a genetic mutation, she said
it's probably rare as the researchers found no other carriers in a sample of
250.
To figure out how the genetic mutation impacts sleep, Fu and her colleagues
genetically engineered mice to have either two copies of the mutant gene or
just one copy.
Compared with the normal mice, those with one mutant gene slept about 1.2 hours
less, and mice with two mutant genes slept 2.5 hours less. The mutant mice also
bounced back faster than the normal mice from sleep deprivation.
While the results, which will be detailed in the Aug. 14 issue of the journal
Science, may not let the habitually late snoozers catch fewer snores, they
could ultimately lead to treatment for individuals with sleep disturbances, the
researchers note.
Next, Fu and her colleagues hope to find other genes related to sleep
homeostasis.
"This is something that gives us a clue that there is a gene that is regulating
human sleep homeostasis," Fu told LiveScience. "After we find several [genes],
we can get a picture of how this sleep homeostasis mechanism works, how our
body regulates how much sleep we need."