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HACKING VAX'S VMS
INTRODUCTION
The VAX is made by DEC (Digital Equipment Corp) and can run a variety
of operating systems. In this file i will talk about the VMS (Virtual
Memory Operating System), VMS also runs on the PDP-11, both mainframes
are 32 bit machines with 32 bit virtual address space.
ENTRANCE:
When you first connect to a VAX you type either a return, a ctrl-c or
a ctrl-y. It will then respond with something similar to this:
USERNAME:
PASSWORD:
The most frequent way of gaining access to a computer is by using a
'default' password, this by the way is not very successful.......
When DEC sells a VAX/VMS, the system comes equipped with 4 accounts
which are:
DEFAULT : This serves as a template in creating user records in the
UAF (User Authorization File). A new user record is assigned
the values of the default record except where the system
manager changes those values. The default record can be
modified but can not be deleted from the UAF.....
SYSTEM : Provides a means for the system manager to log in with full
privileges. The SYSTEM record can be modified but cannot be
deleted from the UAF.......
FIELD : Permits DIGITAL field service personnel to check out a new
system. The FIELD record can be deleted once the system is
installed.
SYSTEST: Provides an appropriate environment for running the User
Environment Test Package (UETP). The SYSTEST record can be
deleted once the system is installed.
Usually the SYSTEM MANAGER adds,deletes, and modifies these records
which are in the UAF when the system arrives, thus eliminating the
default passwords, but this is not always the case.....
some default passwords which have been used to get in a system are....
USERNAME PASSWORD
SYSTEM MANAGER or OPERATOR
FIELD SERVICE or TEST
DEFAULT USER or DEFAULT
SYSTEST UETP or SYSTEST
Other typical VMS accounts are :
VAX
VMS
DCL
DEMO
GUEST
GENERAL
TEST
HELP
GAMES
DECNET
Or a combination of the various usernames and passwords. If none of
these get you in , then you should try another system unless you have
away of getting an account either by trashing or other means.....
YOUR IN!!!!!!
You will know that you are in by receiving the prompt of a dollar sign
($). You will be popped into the default directory which is dependent
on what account you logged in as. If you get in as system manager
(highly unlikely) you have full access....
If you get the FIELD or SYSTEST account , you may or may not have full
access, but you may have the privileges to give your self full access.
To give privs to yourself:
$ SET PROCESS/PRIVS=ALL
The VMS system has full help files available by typing HELP. You can
use the wildcard character of an '*' to list out info on every
command:
$ help *
When you first logon, it may be to your advantage to get a list of all
users currently logged onto the system if there are any at all. You
can do this by:
$ SHOW USERS
VAX/VMS Interactive Users-Total=4
01-may-1989 11:37:21.73
0PAO: DEMO 004C004C
TTD2: FIELD 004E02FF
TTD1: SYSMAN 0043552E
TXB3 TRTRTRRTR 01190057
It is highly recommended that if you are logged on in the day and
there are people logged in, especially the system manager or the
account you are logged on as appears twice.. log out straight away,
and call back later. You do not want to call to late though as the
system keeps a record of when each user logs in and out.
To communicate with other users or other hackers that are on the
system, use the PHONE utility..
$ PHONE Username
If the system has DEC-NET you can see what available nodes there are
by :
$ SHOW NETWORK
If you have mail the system will tell you as soon as you logon, simply
type:
$ MAIL
This will invoke the Personal Mail Utility, you can then either read
your mail or select help....
DIRECTORIES:
To see what you have in your directory type:
$ DIR
To get a list of directories on the system type:
$ DIR *.*
When a VAX/VMS is first installed, it comes with 9 directories which
are not listed when you execute the DIR *.* command:
<SYSLIB>
This directory contains various macro and object libraries.
<SYSMSG>
This directory contains files used in managing the operating system.
<SYSMGR>
This directory contains text files and help libraries for the HELP
library.
<SYSERR>
This is the directory for the error log file (ERRLOG.SYS).
<SYSTEST>
This directory contains files used in testing the functions of the
operating system.
<SYSMAINT>
This directory contains system diagnostic programs.
<SYSUPD>
This directory contains filesused in applying system updates.
<SYSUPD.EXAMPLES>
This directory contains sample driver programs, user-written system
services, and other source programs.
<SYSEXE>
This directory contains the executable images of most of the functions
of the operating system.
Inside these directoriesare files with the following file types:
File-Type: Description: command:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
.hlp system help file TYPE filename
.dat data file TYPE filename
.msg message file TYPE filename
.doc Documentation TYPE filename
.log LOG file TYPE filename
.err ERROR msg file TYPE filename
.seq sequential file TYPE filename
.sys system file FILE-NAME
.exe executable file FILE-NAME
.com command file COMMAND NAME
.bas basic file RUN file-name
.txt ascii text file TYPE filename
--------------------------------------------------------------------
There are others but you won't see them as much as the above. You can
change the directories either by using the CHANGE command or by using
the SET DEFAULT command:
$ CHANGE <DIR.NAM>
or
$ SET DEFAULT <DIR.NAM>
You can now list and execute the files in this directory without first
the directory name followed by the filename as long as you have
sufficient access. If you don't have sufficient access you can still
view files within directories that you cannot default to by:
$ TYPE <LOD.DIR> LOD.MAI;1
This will list the contents of the file LOD.MAI;1 in the directory of
<LOD.DIR>
The use of wildcards is very helpful when you desire to view all the
mail or something on the system. To list out all the users mail if you
have access type:
$TYPE <*.*>*.MAI;*
As you may have noticed mail files have the extension of MAI at the
end. The ;1 or ;2 etc are used to number files with the same name.
PRIVILEGES
Privileges fall into 7 categories according to the damage that the
user possessing them could cause to the system:
NONE - No privileges
NORMAL - minimum privileges to use the system.
GROUP - Potential to interfere with members of the same group.
DEVOUR - Potential to devour noncritical system-wide resources.
SYSTEM - Potential to interfere with normal system operation.
FILE - Potential to comprimise file security.
ALL - Potential to control the system (wouldn't that be good ahah).
THE UAF
The User Authorization File contains the names of the users who may
log into the system and also contains a record of the users
privileges. Each record in the UAF includes the following:
1. Name and Password.
2. User Identification Code(UIC)-- Identifies a user by a group number
and a member number.
3. Default file specification --- Has the default device and directory
names for file access.
4. Login command file --- Names a command procedure to be executed
automatically at login time.
5. Login flags --- Allows the system manager to inhibit the user of
the ctrl-y functions and lock user passwords.
6. Priority ---- Specifies the base priority of the process created
by the user at login time.
7. Resources --- Limits the system resources the user may perform.
8. Privileges --- Limits the activities the user may perform.
If you have SYSTEM MANAGER privileges, you will be able to add,delete,
and modify records in the UAF.
The AUTHORIZE Utility allows you to modify the information in the UAF.
It is usually found in the SYSEXE directory.
The commands for AUTHORIZE are:
ADD Username <qualifier..> Adds a record to the UAF.
EXIT (or CTRL-Z) Returns you to command level.
HELP Lists the AUTHORIZE commands.
LIST <Userspec></FULL> Creates a listing file of UAF records.
MODIFY Username Modifies a record.
REMOVE Username deletes a record.
SHOW Displays UAF records.
The most useful besides ADD is the SHOW command. SHOW displays reports
for selected UAF records. YOU can get a /BRIEF listing of a /FULL
listing. BUT before you do that, you may want to make sure no one is
logged on besides you,to make sure know one can log on type the
following:
$ SET LOGINS /INTERACTIVE=0
This establishes the max number of users able to log in to the system,
this command does not affect users currently logged on.
To list out the userfile do the following:
$ SET DEFAULT <SYSEXE>
$ RUN AUTHORIZE
UAF> SHOW * /BRIEF
UAF
Unfortunately you cannot get a listing of passwords,though you can get
a listing of all the users as shown above... The passwords are
encrypted just like the unix systems.
If you have sufficient privs you can create your own account.........
UAF> ADD <Username> /PASSWORD=HACKER /UIC=<014,006> /CPUTIME=0
/DEVICE=SYS$ROOT_/ACCOUNT=VMS /DIRECTORY=<SYSERR> /PRIVS=ALL
/OWNER=DIGITAL /NOACCOUNTING
1. ADD USERNAME
2. SPECIFY THE PASSWORD YOU WANT TO USE....
3. ASSIGN A UIC CONSISTS OF 2 NUMBERS FROM 0 TO 377 SEPERATED BY A
COMMAND ENCLOSED IN BRACKETS....
4. CPUTIME IS IN DELTA FORMAT, 0 MEANS INFINITE......
5. SPECIFY THE DEVICE THAT IS ALLOCATED TO THE USER WHEN THEY LOGIN.
OTHER DEVICES ARE SYS$DEVICE,SYS$SYSDISK ETC..
6. SPECIFYING AN ACCOUNT IS NOT REALLY NECCESSARY
7. PRIVS YOU ARE GOING TO WANT ALL THE PRIVS AREN'T YOU???
8. VERY IMPORTANT.... NOACCOUNTING WILL DISABLE THE SYSTEM ACCOUNTING
RECORDS,THUS NOT ADDING INFORMATION TO THE ACCOUNTING.DAT FILE.
LOGGING OFF
Simply type:
$ LOGOUT
This file was written by Terry Gilligan if you want any more info on
the vax contact me, i will help you as much as i can.. have lots more
info on vax security if anyone is interested..