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Title: Anarchists & Organisation Author: Anarchist Communist Federation Date: 1998 Language: en Topics: anarchist organization, Class War Federation, community organizing, United Kingdom, Anarchist Federation, Organise!, platformism, synthesis anarchism Source: Retrieved on May 13, 2013 from https://web.archive.org/web/20130514040622/http://www.afed.org.uk/org/issue47/anarcorg.html][web.archive.org]], [[https://web.archive.org/web/20130514061344/http://www.afed.org.uk/org/issue47/classwar.html][web.archive.org]] and [[https://web.archive.org/web/20130514044028/http://www.afed.org.uk/org/issue47/communit.html Notes: Published in Organise! Issue 47 â Winter 1997/98.
Anarchist revolutionaries world-wide who seek to maximise the impact of
their practical, agitational and theoretical work by associating
together in organisations such as the ACF have been despondent in recent
years about the wide-spread anti-organisational malaise in the British
anarchist movement. Criticism of the pitfalls of âthe Organisationâ are
important, and we debate within the ACF and with other comrades, groups
and organisations about such issues as the âleadership of ideasâ and the
problem of whether âformâ sometimes takes priority over âcontentâ. For
example: does being in an organisation with a coherent programme make us
crypto- Leninists?; how much time does internal bureaucracy take in
relation to practical solidarity and the development of theory?; and is
being in an organisation worth the effort?!. We have long felt that most
anarchists committed to the anti-organisational tendency â as opposed to
those still seriously debating the issues and considering their
priorities carefully- do not have a viable alternative to formal
organisations. At their worst, they can be strategically redundant
life-stylists attempting to shock rather than to build for actual
change; egoists who do not wish to be restrained by formal
accountability to others; or for âactionâ with no âtheoryâ (as though
the former has any purpose without carefully considered direction).
This may be changing. The debate around âwhere to next?â in the
post-Class War era has meant that new quarters the organisational
question is being considered seriously again. Even more promising,
debate is not taking place solely around the issue of workplace
struggle, which we think is limited in potential in this clever
capitalist era, but specifically in terms of building confidence and a
subversive alternative in our communities. community activity is not a
new idea to anarchism, of course, but in the past it has typically been
part of what is a major weakness of the anti-organisational tendency. It
has generated âlocalismâ where the town anarchist group has little
on-going theoretical or practical link with a revolutionary movement
more widely, and local injustices rather than the generalised working
class experience form the agenda for activity. This improves to an
extent when anarchists who are not in organisations seek to associate
more closely together through federal structures â current examples
being the Scottish Federation of Anarchists and Northern Anarchist
Network â but these organisations are too often seen as a
national/regional support network for local activism, not somewhere
where theory is developed or national activity initiated. Fortunately,
in the post-Class War fall-out, of the many possible new
directions/structures being proposed, the return to localism has not
managed to dominate. Disillusionment with one form of organisation, the
Class War Federation, has not lead to the abandoning of organisation
itself, which, say in the late 1980s or early 1990s, would have been a
distinct possibility. Local activity is still being viewed within a
wider framework.
What will hopefully emerge will be bigger than any current organisations
and will have a programme that will incorporate activity around issues
which all the groups and individuals within it agree on, and initiate
constructive debate on those we donât. This is not to say that the ACF
doesnât want more people to join âourâ organisation. Of course we do. We
think we have some good ideas to offer a national co-ordination of
anarchists, just as we learn as an organisation from our membersâ
activity networks and local groups and campaigns. We also think that the
movement needs structures that are reliable, though not necessarily
permanent and rigid, to give it some stability against the onslaught of
state forces. But we work towards the creation of an organisationally
united anarchist/libertarian communist movement, and do not imagine for
a moment that its structure will be an enlarged ACF. In addition, we are
encouraged by the assumption behind new initiatives outside the ACF that
formal organisations like our own have something to offer the
libertarian movement of tomorrow.
We offer here two articles which discuss possible new scenarios for the
British anarchist/libertarian movement at the turn of the century. The
first discusses the process which has brought Class War to its current
position of self-analysis. The second discusses some ideas on
organisation within the local community current in libertarian circles
in relation to our own ideas on the subject.
Most active anarchists will surely have heard by now of the dissolving
of Class War Federation, and publication of the âlast everâ paper:
âClass War is dead... long live the class war â an open letter to the
revolutionary movementâ. In the aftermath of this, the October 1997
Anarchist Bookfair revealed a trinity of approaches: the handing out of
a discussion document âSmash Hitsâ produced by those looking for a new
direction, a new issue of Class War, âGet Rid of the Poshâ, by those
determined to hang on to the paper, and those promoting an anti-monarchy
movement. The latter two factions also appear to be involved with the
paper Animal. The sentiments expressed in the open letter have been
broadly welcomed for their openness and honesty. The Bookfair meeting,
organised by the ânew directionâ faction, which took place straight
after the ACFâs meeting on revolutionary organisation, was well
attended. The need to look to the future, not at past failures, was put
forward strongly and passionately.
So what happened to Class War? Class War Federation was launched around
the same time as the ACF, in the early-to-mid 80âs, bringing together
groups and individuals who were coming from a class struggle
perspective, some of who were already selling the existing Class War
paper, and many who were in active local anarchist groups. This was a
very positive step for the anarchist movement, greatly helping the break
away of serious class struggle anarchism from lifestylism and do-gooding
liberalism, typified by the anti-nuclear movement of the time. The CW
approach justified class violence against an atmosphere of pacifism. It
supported riots and rejoiced in anti-trades union activities in favour
of independent working class action. This helped draw in a number of
working class activists from the Left, and earned respect for anarchism
in disputes like that of the Wapping printers. Class War also injected a
badly needed humour into revolutionary politics.
Thereâs not much point going on about the often quoted problem of Class
Warâs idealisation of the male street fighter. In reality, there was
much more going on in Class War than they are often given credit for.
This has much to do with the fact that there was a hell of a lot of
politics in Class War that was excluded from the paper. Individual
members of Class War were influenced by anarchism, autonomist Marxism
and the situationists, and these views greatly influenced the politics
of CWF, especially in the early days.
And therein lies the serious problem. How do you reconcile those
different theoretical viewpoints in a overtly populist organisation? One
method would have been to become more platformist, encouraging
theoretical unity. Instead Class War took a conscious decision towards
the alternative approach of allowing differences to co-exist, an almost
synthesist approach (see article on European Anarchist Movement in this
issue for a further discussion of this tendency). Putting aside the
ACFâs strong disagreements with CWâs bias towards supporting national
liberation struggles and their ambiguity over the unions, there was much
agreement with ACF positions, and several times in the past decade there
were moves to bring the two organisations closer together, even as far
as a series of âmerger talksâ. But the lack of desire for theoretical
unity in Class War was always the stumbling block. In the early days,
there was the dropping of the circled-A from the Class War logo, which
ran much deeper than the cosmetic change it appeared, and many at the
time argued against it. None of the theoretical publications (The Heavy
Stuff, A Decade of Disorder, Unfinished Business) seemed to reflect the
organisation as a whole, even when they said they did, but more
importantly they did not seem to influence the organisational direction
of CWF in any way, even though much of the theory was classic anarchism.
Unfinished Business, their most developed exposé of theory, is littered
with quotes from influential anarchists, and the book as a whole
endorses the Organisational Platform of the Libertarian Communists. But
the paper carried on seemingly regardless, pumping out the often
changing simplified lines, determined not to be labelled anarchist,
whilst CWF experimented with organisational forms, some libertarian,
some quite dubious. For example, there was the two-tier membership
policy of members and supporters, the âRigorous Approachâ promoting the
idea of getting the âbest brainsâ together to develop CWFâs theory, and
the support for an election candidate in London.
The lack of an organisation wide approach to theory helped to create and
justify intellectual hierarchy, often, ironically, disguised as
anti-intellectualism. Furthermore the lack of theoretical unity allowed
intellectuals to come in and cause mayhem. First there was Andy
Andersonâs destructive two class theory (Middle Class, Working Class, no
Ruling Class which he is still pushing), then there was the almost
leadership cult of Tim Scargill. Both of these caused splits. Some would
argue that Ian Boneâs influence in CWâs activities was also a symptom of
this, yet another ego being allowed to dominate. Instead of a sixth
Heavy Stuff magazine, a pamphlet written entirely by trades union
maverick Dave Douglass was offered.
Unfortunately, for all their honesty, the ex-CWF membership seem
unwilling to discuss this past, to learn something from it, or share it
with the revolutionary movement. There is still the arrogance that if
Class War has failed at least it was bigger and better than any of the
other anarchist organisations. In the light of the wind up of CWF, they
would do well to reconsider the positions of ex-members who were in the
past critical of its approach to organisation and theory. Discussion
will no doubt continue, but at present the main idea seems be that of
promoting solidarity groups as widely as possible. In terms of creation
of a âculture of resistanceâ, which the ACF agrees with whole-heartedly,
this appears to be a positive start, although the old problem of London
dominance should not be overlooked. But at some point the same questions
of how revolutionaries organise will arise. Even if a decision is made
not to create structures with worked out policies, in a desire to
involve as many people and groups as possible, some agreements will have
to be reached, and also a method of dealing with the disagreements. The
criticism usually levelled at the ACF (and groups like Subversion) is
that we would rather sit down and discuss theory than go out and do it.
But the reality is weâve all been âdoing itâ for more than 10 years. We
havenât built the mass revolutionary movement we want to see, yet.
Thatâs a fact. But simply desiring something better in an almost
desperate manner, without some analysis of past failure, is not enough.
It is hoped that these criticisms will be taken in the comradely way
they are intended, and that something positive and vibrant will emerge,
as least from the ânew directionâ faction of ex-CWF. We arenât sitting
and criticising from the sidelines either. The ACF, more than any other
group, has had close dealing with Class War. Some current members of ACF
have previously been in CW, and many others have attended conferences as
observers, and of course thereâs the aforementioned experience of the
merger talks. And weâve often worked together practically over the
years, so letâs hope that will continue.
As for the faction (which some have called âprovisional CWâ) who are
producing the new London Class War paper, they donât seem up to much
with their sexist âLock up your daughtersâ sloganeering and a Leftist
approach to Ireland which makes out that the Sinn Fein election
victories were a victory for the working class. To Movement Against the
Monarchy we say please give it a rest maâam and do something useful! In
any case, donât take our word for it, the addresses to contact are
below.
When discussing possible alternatives for effective organisation at
âcommunity levelâ, we should first recognise that most of us do not
experience any sense of community where we live. If we get on well with
people living around us it is sometimes at the expense of concealing our
more extreme views about how society should be run and who should run
it. As one woman put it at the ex-Class War meeting at this yearâs
Anarchist Bookfair in London this October, people in my community think
Iâm mad!. This feeling of isolation from the very people we identify
with in class terms is natural, because there can be no real community
in a capitalist world, only different degrees of alienation. There are
only âcommunities of unfulfilled interestâ, if you like, be they defined
by geographical area (such as a street, estate or suburb), or by
interest, for example ones that are defensive or campaigning (e.g.
refugees facing deportation, victims of male violence, employees
fighting management), or creative (e.g. the âartistic communityâ),
leisure orientated (e.g. a football team and its supporters), or
intellectual (e.g. a utopian reading group), or whatever. It is
important to note is that these groups, unless deliberately structured
to avoid it, are frequently as divided by competing and conflicting
interests â e.g. white middle class woman organiser vs. Asian and
working class users/âvictimsâ; or football club directors vs. fans; or
artistic patrons and artists with a commission vs. amateurs and radicals
â as they are united by what brought them together.
For example, a campaign in which ACF members were peripherally involved
as part of their âlocal communityâ was able to stop the siting of a
Sainsburyâs supermarket in their neighbourhood. It would have increased
traffic and pollution, taken up part of a childrenâs playing field and
put local shops out of business. The campaign was strengthened by the
awareness that at the same time Sainsburyâs was taking on several almost
identical campaigns in similar locations around the town, on the basis
that it only needed to beat one of them to get a new site. However, the
fact that two rival corner shops were initially behind the campaign kept
a certain irony largely unstated; they had each acted to mobilise a
largely fictional community in their own economic interests. They
succeeded in keeping out of the area the supermarket which would have
provided the community with cheaper, better quality food as well as
jobs, so that they could both continue to compete for local custom.
Transient propertyless elements, such as students and problem families
renting accommodation, were not even aware of the campaign, let alone
mobilised by it. And the campaignâs major tactic was writing to local
councillors, whom the shopkeepers already knew, being part of the
propertied community etc. etc. Neither was there any attempt to link up
with the campaigns in similarly targetted localities because, on the
face of it, we had different interests from them. So now it is not ours
but another community which has a Sainsburyâs built on what was its only
bit of grass and trees.
So how do we go about attempting to create community? And if it isnât
really possible under capitalism, is it a waste of time? Of course not.
Attempting to bring people closer to others with the same interests is
important work for revolutionaries. People in our own communities are
usually also working class, also oppressed, unfree or exploited either
by ability, race, gender, sexuality or economics, and also either angry
or depressed, or commonly both, that this is how shit things are going
to be for the rest of their life. But it is sometimes other people that
they see around them that they blame as readily as they blame âthe
richâ, âthe bossâ or âthe stateâ. It is by raising and discussing such
issues, not by minimalising and smoothing over apparent conflict, that
community activity can be challenging, radical, subversive and a part of
wider long-term change. After all, didnât we become anarchists and
communists ourselves because of the painful truths we perceive in the
world around us. Our problem is essentially that we donât meet many
people day to day who have yet come to same conclusions. These very real
practical and tactical difficulties faced by anyone attempting to
organise in their local community have been borne in mind when making
the following observations about three potential and existing community-
based initiatives.
The alliance between Red Action and some other activists which produced
the Independent Working Class Association (IWCA) placed involvement in
community issues on its agenda from the start. Correctly pointing out
that working class people were cynical about middle class leftists and
councils intervening for their own political gain in community issues,
they wanted to give âthe communityâ the chance to set its own agenda. In
Birminghamâs Newtown area the IWCA canvassed local people to determine
what issues they wanted action on. Street crime, mugging and burglary
were the issues which kept coming up, and so a public meeting on the
issues was set up. The organisers escorted people to the meeting who
were literally too afraid of muggers to leave their homes alone. In
addition, IWCA members who did not live in the area kept in the
background so that the meeting genuinely reflected âlocalâ and not
âpoliticalâ opinions. The meeting was a huge success in terms of numbers
and steps were taken to make the area safer. For example, access to
alleyways used by burglars was blocked up, to the fury of the impotent
council. However, the IWCA seems to have failed to address itself
properly to reactionary ideas which they must have anticipated would
also be expressed by some people in any crisis-ridden community. For
example, the idea that the major problem is âanti-socialâ elements.
Activists in the IWCA surely know that crime is mostly committed by
people with little or no alternative but a choice between misery on the
dole and preying on the most defenceless people who live near them. Are
these people not also part of the community of the area, or does
community only extend to the law abiding. And exactly what type of
activity is being taken against muggers? Failure to challenge such ideas
and to simply accept community wishes just because the community is
working class, can lead, as it seems to have done at points in Newtown,
to what libertarians should recognise as a misdirection of legitimate
anger. For example, we heard at the Bookfair from a macho-type involved
in Birmingham that, âit just so happens that most of the muggers are
black. You canât get away from that fact, even if the SWP call you a
racist, because tackling the problem of mugging is what ordinary people
wantâ. âOrdinaryâ people would exclude black people then? Of course this
isnât what IWCA members believe -this was nerves and bravado making him
speak without thinking straight â but it made a largely white anarchist
audience squirm and it is hard to imagine that âlaw-abidingâ black
people would be comfortable to hear muggers described in such
thoughtless and insensitive language. We must never demonise the
âcriminalâ, be they poor and desperate or cynical drug barons, in the
terms used by the state, the cops, racists or vigilantes. Failure to
address the problems of vigilantism as a solution to social violence is
in fact a major problem with the Newtown initiative, from our point of
view. For a start, it panders to the property ideology of the state,
just like neighbourhood watch or grassing thieves up to the cops. But
more importantly, just because we feel helpless in a violent society
doesnât mean that a group of tough guys can sort it out for us.
Self-activity is central to the libertarian agenda but peripheral â
actually an obstacle â to patrols of self-appointed protectors of the
weak who see their role as some kind of alternative law and order in
Newtown. The message should never be âthe cops canât protect you, but we
willâ. This sounds all to much like the community control undertaken by
paramilitaries in the North of Ireland, which has more to do with
vanguardism and substitutionism, which Red Action support, than it has
to libertarianism.
The IWCA initiative has inspired other projects which are fortunately
more influenced by libertarian ideas. In inner-city Nottingham the
Forest Fields Independent Residentsâ Association (FFIRA)also hosted a
huge meeting as a result of canvassing the area. The initiative was also
a response to the recently established Partnership Council, set up by
businesses and budget holders to get local consent for their own vested
interests in the allocation of five million pounds of European money.
Before FFIRA had even done anything, councillors were up in arms about
their authority being usurped, and one of the meetingâs organisers was
practically challenged to a fight by a drunken local official. The
politicians presumably realised that their inactivity in the area was
being exposed and that dangerous self-activity by the residents was
looking likely. A good start! As the organisers anticipated, what people
most wanted to get off their chest was the state of the area â litter
and dog shit mainly â and also the danger posed to children by
shopkeepers selling cigarettes, drink and fire works to minors. Hardly
the issues revolutionaries like to get their teeth stuck into, but what
was wanted was a community-led agenda, not an ideological one (although
hopefully converts may be made along the way!). Unlike the IWCA in
Birmingham, The IWCA and their comrades in Forest Fields demonised
neither âirresponsible dog-ownersâ nor âcorner-shop ownersâ but
suggested ways in which it could be pointed out that the community as a
whole, of which the âculpritsâ were a part, should put the blame
squarely on the council (for example, for failing time and time again to
provide litter and dog shit bins). Posters in shops and a demo at the
councillors surgeries involving dog owners, dogs and dog shit are being
planned! These activists have taken the initiative as part of their
community, not on its behalf. And yet the fact remains that at the
initial large public meeting when issues for action were agreed, only a
handful of people put their names down on the contact list, and even
fewer have turned up to subsequent meetings to put the plan into action.
There is clearly a long way to go before may people will feel confident
or inspired enough to take action themselves rather than leave it to
politicians or radicals. Nonetheless, the campaign is still young and
maybe it will generate activity interesting enough to establish a track
record and prove itself worth getting involved with. Indeed, important
pit-falls such as getting bogged down in single issues are already being
addressed before they become a problem, and it is too soon to be
despondent.
Another idea was launched at the Anarchist Bookfair which attempts to
take organising within area communities beyond localism and lifestylism.
A discussion paper titled Community Confederations tells us that the
âculture of protest is defeated.......but the state....cannot and will
not stand against a vibrant alternative.......[that should] create
practical examples of an anarchist way of life at street
level...[initiating community gardening, transport, pooled resources
etc.] .... and that the confederations should have a branch in every
town and be linked through a national networkâ. In itself the paper is
badly thought out. No community based network can be organised on a town
basis without becoming centralised and elitist, because it could not
involved direct participation and free discussion but, as the paper
virtually suggests, rely on an unimaginative system of elected delegates
of some kind. We are stifled enough by democracy as it is, but on a
town-wide scale?! At the meeting,however, the proposer suggested not
that these groups should be in each town, but rather in every community
â i.e. many in each town. This is an important distinction. Organisation
of this kind, if it took of on a large scale, would mean that pockets of
subversion would no longer be isolated by geography or the dominance of
informal elites which thrive in unstructured groups, but be linked to
their neighbours by geography and constant contact and comparison.
Unfortunately, the discussion paper does not really depict the class
make-up of towns in a useful manner, for it states that âthis process
could resemble a union for the community, reaching across generational,
gender, ethnic and cultural barriers we now face, and dissolving the
class divisions which plague usâ. Really this is rhetoric and not a plan
of action. What kind of union would an area community have? What bosses
would it negotiate with and what labour would its members withdraw? And
how many communities are plagued with class divisions? Aside from a few
students, teachers and social workers with stripped-pine dining tables,
area communities in the inner cities contain working class people,
communities in the suburbs are usually either white working class or
lower middle class, the upper-middle class and the bosses live in big
houses in private estates or in the countryside. The very fact that we
have a common class interest in our working class communities is why
there is any long term point discussing community organisation at all.
However, the Community Confederationsâ idea that autonomous community
projects should be established and resources shared should not be
dismissed as readily as it might be in some quarters. On one level, the
idea of sharing garden forks, bikes, child care etc. appears useful only
as a point of middle class liberal/ecological principle when there is a
class war to be waged out there. It can be, usually correctly, dismissed
as life-stylist. But this is a valid view only if the people involved in
it are a/middle class and b/have the economic choice to spend their time
distributing propaganda rather than weeding a communal vegetable patch.
The reality of life for many people, even for some people with jobs, is
that they are malnourished, freezing in winter, unable to get access to
even essential transport and health care, or an education worth their
children turning up at school for. It is not the duty of anarchists to
fill this gap, because it is the fault of the state. But informally and
increasingly alternative lifestyles, involving shared and created
resources, are being sought not just by idealists but by semi-political
people just trying to survive. As the leaflet points out, we might just
want to extend this into the areas where we live not only as an example
of anarchist ideas, but to help us survive and fight in the long term.
After all, no one dismisses squatting as âlifestylistâ, be it by punks
or homeless families. More often than not itâs a necessity. The author
of Community Confederations doesnât believe that it is going to take
more than this to change the world permanently and meaningfully, and he
is wrongly dismissive of the need for revolution. When speaking about
the idea at the Bookfair, he suggested that organisations such as the
ACF had a place within this network, as its theoretical backbone, or
something along those lines. Whilst we do think we have some good ideas,
we donât see it as the role of revolutionary organisations to act as
gurus. Such situations need hard work, new ideas, and coherent
explanations arising from everyoneâs experience, not outside experts! We
are individuals in our area and interest communities too, but we are
also in a groups trying to start the process of real change now. The
point is that if such community based initiatives thrive â we start
fixing up communal cars, teaching each other languages, performing
music, brewing communal beer or whatever, and all without payment or
exchange of any kind, and a collectivity empathy and practical support
could reduce crime perpetrated by working class people against each
other â we should also raise our sights to a society when this will be
the norm and there will be liberty and equality as a matter of course.
What we feel is needed is the creation of a culture which is more
dynamic and innovative than traditional forms of democratic and
hierarchical political struggle, but more analytical and honest about
the nature and causes of the problems which the working class
experiences than the vibrant, but essentially reformist, counter-culture
which our capitalist society has become so adept at accommodating. This
revolutionary culture, the âCulture of Resistanceâ which the ACF talks
about in its propaganda, was not our invention. It has been discussed by
revolutionaries since the struggles of our class moved beyond the work
place and the stifling âone unionâ mentality and took on more varied
forms and possibilities. Class War have recognised its importance before
and it is also a phrase used by the African-American anarchist
organisation Black Autonomy, and they both seem to mean the same thing
by it as we do. But only in pockets has subversion managed to be both
dynamic and ideologically coherent, which the âCulture of Resistanceâ
has to be.
The âCulture of Resistanceâ essentially embodies two things. Firstly, we
have said that there is no community but only unfulfilled communities of
interest. Revolutionaries should engage in these communities, as they
typically already do, as people sharing the experience or supporting
those who do. Such campaigns as we are involved in or initiate at
community level are not less important because they are reformist
either, because these days âreformsâ can mean the difference between
health and illness, warmth or hypothermia, sanctuary or persecution, and
not infrequently life and death. And, as well as taking on hard graft,
we should raise issues and ideas honestly and straightforwardly as
members of the same interest community. We are good at the former, but
rarely effective at the latter. As people sharing such experiences we
should not be shy of raising the issue that poverty, discrimination etc.
are part of a wider state strategy to weaken our class, take up our time
and energy, and stop us making choices about what we actually want in an
ideal world, i.e. one in which we can all flourish, not just exist.
Secondly, we need to establish new forms expressing revolutionary ideas
and subverting existing culture, working with our political groups and
also the allies who we meet in the campaigns and communities described
above. Then we can spread our ideas in ways which will appeal to people
bored or cynical about conventional forms of protest and recognising
that, as the Community Confederations author also points out, the state
has learnt to deal with demos, leafleting etc. Newly emerging and
creative forms of protest and subversive activity, such as Reclaim the
Streets, can teach us to be unpredictable and unexpected in our tactics.
But in addition we have to put the case for changing the political
world, and not settle for learning to survive it. And we must also
attempt to inject our politics and outlook into established arenas which
are conventionally safe from subversion â by-passing and sabotaging the
tedium which local councils impose on area politics; distributing
liberated erotic literature in local libraries; participatory art forms
in school playgrounds at lunchtime; drowning out Salvation Army marching
bands with sound systems, or whatever. It only remains to stress how
important it is for us to critically reassess the ways in which we
engage in our communities. The fight is too readily channelled into
being either boring, ineffective or elitist, and potential communities
are smashed or divided before they become collectively self-active. We
must be more creative and subversive, and organise well enough to get
one step ahead of the advocates of tedium and authority. We must
encourage networks of dissident groups linked by their communities of
interest or locality, with input from groups and individuals who have
been thinking about revolutionary activity specifically, to create a
revolutionary culture which is both self-active and liberating for the
individual and has ability to sustain itself and prove successful.