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Title: The Irreconcilable Contradiction Author: Errico Malatesta Date: March 31, 1900 Language: en Topics: communism, anarcho-communism, letter Notes: Translated from “La contradizione irreduttibile,” La Questione Sociale (Paterson, New Jersey) 6, new series, no. 30 (March 31, 1900)
They write from Bari, Italy:
Our city is going through a very sad crisis. Barrel-making, once a
thriving industry, is increasingly on the decline. The cause of this
decline lies in the introduction of new fares by railroad and shipping
companies, which allow for the return of empty casks at very low cost;
therefrom comes a decreased consumption of barrels. Some time ago the
barrel-making masters took steps to resolve this critical condition by
asking that the transportation costs of empty casks be increased. Last
Sunday, in front of the prefecture, they met to ask the authorities for
help. A committee of 12 barrel-making workers, accompanied by a public
safety inspector, was received by the prefect, who promised to sort
things out.
How on earth will the prefect sort things out?
By ordering the railroad companies to increase again the transportation
costs for empty casks? How so, if the capitalists are the ones who own
the railroads, the ones who command the prefects and the prefects’
masters!
And then, increasing the charge for returning barrels would drive up the
price of wine.
If the wine consumers were to turn to the prefect, would he promise to
sort things out for them too?
That poor prefect must find himself in a similar position as Almighty
God, to whom one person asks for rain and another for good weather. And
he is not even omnipotent!
But in vain do we worry about the position of prefects, who know quite
well how to dig themselves out of this puzzle… by making promises to
everybody and keeping none of them.
Much more deserving of our commiseration are those poor workers who,
ignorant of the root causes of their problems, let themselves be
deceived and mocked to the extent that they let themselves be escorted
to the prefecture by a public safety inspector, and hope that the
officials will care about their fate.
The case of the barrel-makers of Bari is a typical case, which clearly
shows the absurdity of capitalist society.
In similar cases there is no possible cure other than the abolition of
capitalism, the radical transformation of the system of production. And
every trade, every form of human activity must, sooner or later, find
itself in the same case, which is already rather widespread due to the
overabundance of labor.
Associations are of no help; nor are strikes and all other forms of
resistance; nor cooperatives.
Whenever no one needs the labor of a worker, the worker cannot impose
any agreement: he must die of hunger—more or less slowly, more or less
convulsively, but die of hunger he must… unless he can break free from
the current system.
And progress tends to make the labor of an ever-increasing number of
workers unnecessary.
This is the ultimate, irreconcilable contradiction between capitalism
and progress.
Either prevent all progress, enshrining the current castes, abolishing
competition between capitalists, prohibiting any production development,
any new machine, any new scientific application, and reducing workers to
the status of domestic animals granted rations by their masters—in
short, a regime like the one the Jesuits exercised in Paraguay;294or
destroy capitalism and organize production not for the profit of a few,
but for the greatest well-being for all.
The request of the Bari barrel-makers to increase the transportation
cost of used casks, so that the wineries would find it more convenient
to burn them rather than send them back, is the same as asking the
barrel-makers to only send 10 out of every 100 barrels to the market and
destroy the other 90 before they can be used.
Is it possible to achieve that? Of course not. Yet, the current
structure of society is so absurd that it would make such a measure
beneficial.
When people die of hunger because there is too much stuff, or because it
is too easy to produce it, or because it is too durable, destruction
might appear—and might fleetingly be—more useful than production. A
fire, an earthquake might be a blessing, bringing work and bread to the
unemployed.
But destruction of wealth is not how workers can emancipate themselves.
And luckily the time has passed, at least in the more advanced
countries, during which workers thought they could stop progress, and
put as much energy into smashing up machinery as it would have required
to take control of it.
We must not fight progress, but direct it to everyone’s benefit.
And for that to happen workers must take possession of all the capital,
all social wealth, so that it would then be in their interest that
products abound and production require the least possible effort.
This is why it is necessary to make the revolution.
Labor organizing, strikes, resistance of all kinds can at a certain
point in capitalist evolution improve the conditions of workers or
prevent them from worsening; they can serve very well to train workers
for the struggle; they are always, in capable hands, a means of
propaganda;—but they are hopelessly powerless to resolve the social
question. And thus they must be used in such a way as to help prepare
minds and muscle for the revolution—for expropriation.
Anyone failing to grasp this, is reduced to pleading to the prefects…
and being mocked.