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Title: The Undesirables
Author: Anonymous
Date: 2001
Language: en
Topics: anti-capitalist, anti-civ, insurrectionist, technology

Anonymous

The Undesirables

Translator’s Introduction

The Undesirables was originally a one-shot paper published in Italian

and French with a Spanish translation planned by the originally

publishers. Its analyses of the changes in the tools and methods of

exploitation and domination that have happened in recent years were

significant, so I translated it into English as a pamphlet. The refusal

of those who wrote these brief pieces to accept the simplistic

non-analysis of those who cry perpetually over “globalization”, their

insistence on recognizing the unity of exploitation throughout the world

— i.e., that the exploited of the so-called first world are not

privileged but simply experiencing a somewhat different intensity of

exploitation — and their insistence on the recognition of the very real

and significant power of the state in the functioning of exploitation

and domination has allowed them to present an analysis that remains

truly revolutionary — a useful tool for those who seek a rupture with

the present social order. Particularly important in light of recent

debates in anarchist circles is the authors’ insistence that a critique

of technology that does not include class analysis is a partial critique

and that class analysis without a critique of technology is equally

insufficient.

I find their analyses of the particular effects of post-industrial

technology quite significant, but feel that they underplay the

importance of social control in the original development of the factory

system itself — the idea of a liberatory use of industrial technology

was always an illusion — so just as the dream of going back to a “nicer”

form of capitalism is delusional, so also is that of going back to a

“nicer” form of industrialism. I suspect the authors of these pieces

would agree, but it is a question that they left unclear.

These texts are tools for discussion and the development of analyses

among those who want to create projects aimed at the destruction of the

present society with its basis in exploitation and domination, those who

dream of lives and relationships built on desires freed from the

domination of the market and the state. In other words, for those who

are beginning to create the new lucid and revolutionary luddism that the

dream of free life demands in this world. W.L.

There are ever increasing numbers of undesirables in the world. There

are too many men and women for whom this society has not provided any

role except that of croaking in order to make everyone else function.

Dead to the world or to themselves: this is the only way society wants

them.

Jobless, they serve to goad anyone who has a job to whatever

humiliations in order to tightly hold on to it. Isolated, they serve to

make those who are recognized as citizens believe they have a real life

in common (between the stamped documents of authority and the market

benches). Immigrants, they serve to give the illusion of having roots to

anyone who — being proletarian with no offspring left at home — is

despised by his own children and left only with her nothingness in the

workplace, in the subway and in front of the television. Undocumented,

they serve to remind us that wage slavery is not the worst thing — there

is forced labor and fear of control that tightens at every patrol.

Expelled, they serve to blackmail all the economic refugees of

capitalist genocide with the fear of a journey toward misery without

return. Prisoners, they serve to threaten all those who no longer want

to resign themselves to this miserable existence with the specter of

punishment. Extradited as enemies of the state, they serve to make it

understood that in the International of power and of exploitation there

is no space for the bad example of revolt.

Poor, isolated, everywhere strangers, prisoners, outlaws, bandits: the

conditions of these undesirables are increasingly common. Thus, the

struggle can make itself common, on the basis of the refusal of a life

that is becoming more precarious and artificial every day. Citizen or

foreigner, innocent or guilty, undocumented or regularized: the

distinctions of state codes don’t pertain to us. Why would solidarity

have to accept these social boundaries when the poor are continually

tossed from one to the other?

Our solidarity is not with the misery, but with the vigor with which men

and women do not put up with it.

Chapter 1. The Dream from a Parchment

Beneath the riverbed where history flows, a dream seems to have

withstood the wear and tear of time and the implacable succession of

generations. Look at the yellow parchment of this renaissance codex;

look at these woodprints on the page that takes us back to the youth of

a millennium that has scarcely ended. See the asses riding the cardinals

and the usual starvelings joyously drowning in food, see the crowns

trampled, see the end of the world — or better still — the world turned

upside-down. Here is the dream then laid bare, the dream that speaks

from an engraving made five hundred years ago: to destroy the world in

order to grasp it, to steal it from god in order to make it ours and at

last shape it with our own hands. The epochs have given it clothes of

ever-changing styles. It was dressed as a peasant during the medieval

insurrections and as a blouson noir during May 1968 in France, as an

Italian worker during the factory occupations and as an English weaver

during the times when the first industrial looms were being destroyed

with hammer blows. The wish to turn the world upside down has resurfaced

every time that the exploited have known how to gather the threads that

tie them together, threads that are broken in every epoch and retied

through different forms of exploitation. Indeed, these forms are what in

some way “organize” the exploited: they are centered at different times

in the factories or in the living quarters, in the urban ghettoes or in

front of the employment office, imposing the confrontation with similar

living conditions and similar problems. Let’s stop a moment to unearth

our deepest memories and summon stories of our fathers. The factory in

the haze or the sweat in the fields burnt by the sun, the torment of a

colonial occupation that robs you of the fruits of the earth or the

increasingly frantic rhythm of a haste that in whatever “communist”

state promises a tomorrow that never comes to liberate you from

exploitation. With each of these images from our past we can associate

the different ways of standing together that the exploited used and,

thus, the concrete bases of the various struggles that have striven to

turn the world upside down and do away with exploitation.

An unrecognizable planet

If we read the history of the past thirty years carefully, we can single

out a line of development, a series of modifications that have shaken

the planet up. This new situation is commonly called “globalization”. It

is not a matter of an event that is definitively accomplished, but of

changes that are still in course — with different rhythms and

peculiarities for every single country — and that leave us the space to

advance a few predictions. First, however, let’s immediately avoid a

commonplace about “globalization”. The tendency of capitalism to seek

out markets to conquer and a work force at the lowest cost on a

planetary scale has always been present; it is certainly not an

innovation. The tools for doing this have changed; thanks to the

development of technology, capital can realize this tendency with

rhythms and consequences unthinkable up until a few years ago. Therefore

there is no point of rupture between the old capitalism and the modern

form, nor has there ever been a “good” capitalism developed on a

prevailingly national basis to which we could return — as so many

adversaries of neoliberalism believe. From 1973 — the year that

conventionally marks the beginning of the “information age” — up to now,

capital has not changed its nature in the least; it has not become more

“vicious”. It is simply better armed, more capable of rendering the

planet unrecognizable. For convenience, we will attempt to examine this

process through the processes that have happened in three geographical

areas: the former colonial countries, the countries of eastern Europe

that have barely ceased to be so-called communist regimes and those of

the west.

The unwanted children of capital

As is well known, the old colonies did not cut off relations with the

colonizers at all when they gained their independence. Rather, in most

cases, after difficult beginnings, they modernized them. If the primary

aim of the old colonial exploitation was to corner raw materials at low

cost that could then be worked in the west, from a certain time forward

entire stages of production came to be set up in poorer countries,

capitalizing on the extremely low labor costs. So low as to cover the

expenses of transport of the raw materials, machinery and finished

products as well as the costs of financing the local regimes that are

responsible for public order and the regulation of production. For many

years, western capital has invaded these lands, deeply changing their

social fabric. The old peasant structures have been destroyed, community

relations cut off, women proletarianized in order to make space for

industrialization. Just as in Europe in the 19^(th) century, an immense

quantity of labor power that was torn from the land has found itself

wandering the shantytowns in search of work. In spite of its immensity,

this situation was able to achieve a stability of its own for as long as

the manufacturing industries could absorb a consistent part of this

labor power. But at a certain point, these industries began to close one

by one. Something had changed to the north: the western labor force was

competitive with those in the southern part of the world again. So many

industries closed, but these new proletarians remain, so many of no use

to the world economy.

To the east, the situation is no better. The so-called communist regimes

have left a desert behind them. The productive apparati — enormous and

obsolete — have remained as an inheritance to the old local bureaucrats

and to western capital. Thus, the children and grandchildren of those

exploited by the regime — who had to suffer the Sunday sermons about

“cooks in power” and proletarian internationalism — have found

themselves unemployed. As we know, all industrial restructuring requires

dismissal. Just as they did in the former colonies, the western

countries have trimmed back the zones of economic and political

influence in the territories of the deceased Warsaw Pact by transferring

those parts of production which consume the greatest amount of labor

power to them. But it is a drop in the sea and the mass of the poor who

have been made useless to the masters remains enormous. The

International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have thought to

accelerate this process in a decisive manner in the east as they did in

the south through the blackmail of debts.

It is this which causes the long march of these unwanted children of

capital, these undesirables, to depart from the south and the east. But

those who remain at home are no better off. The social upheavals

provoked by such great and sudden changes are often channeled into

ethnic and religious discourses — new and increasingly bloody wars are

just around the corner. For those who choose the path of emigration as

well as for those who remain behind, the only certainty is misery and

dispossession. Every regret is vain.

Up until the day before yesterday

Meanwhile, what has happened in the west? Though less brutal, the

changes have been parallel to those in the rest of the world. The huge

industrial plants — which employed a consistent portion of the poor and

determined the appearance of the city, and thus the mentality and the

way of living and rebelling of the exploited, for many years — have

disappeared, in part because they were transferred into poorer countries

as we have seen, and in part because it has been possible to split them

up and to distribute them differently throughout the territory. Through

the development of technology, the productive processes have not only

been automated, but also rendered more flexible, more amenable to the

intrinsic chaos of the market. At one time, capital had need of

exploited depositories of knowledge and manual skills necessary for

managing a segment of the productive process more or less automatically

— that is to say, it needed the exploited who spent their whole life in

the same factory making the same thing. This is no longer true. The

skills required are increasingly low and interchangeable. There is no

longer an accumulation of knowledge. One job is equal to another. The

old myth of the “regular position” is replaced by the ideology of

flexibility, which is to say, of precariousness and of the erosion of

all guarantees: it is necessary to know how to adapt oneself to

everything, even to weekly contracts, the underground economy or

definitive expulsion from the productive context. These changes are

common to the entire west, but have been so fast and so extreme in some

areas as to render the total cost of labor competitive with that of the

south and east of the world. This is how they have realized, on the one

hand, that return of capital that has destabilized the economies of the

poorer countries — leading to wars and mass migrations — and, on the

other hand, the worsening of the material conditions of life for the

western exploited.

The revolt to come

It is clear that, however violent, the change in the west is mitigated

in part by the remains of the old welfare state and, above all, by the

fact that a good part of the western precarious are children of the old

proletarians and therefore benefit indirectly from the old guarantees

through their families. However, the passing of one generation will be

sufficient for making precariousness the most widespread social

condition. Thus we, the children of the industrial world, will find

ourselves to be increasingly useless, in the same position, in fact, as

the crowds of undesirables that landed on our shores. With the passing

of years and the stabilization of this situation all those movements

that try to give support to circumscribed portions of the exploited

(immigrants, unemployed, precarious, etc.) from the outside will lose

meaning. The conditions of exploitation will be similar for all, thus

opening the door to truly common struggles wide. Here at last the thread

is discovered that unites us all, the exploited of a thousand lands,

heirs of such different histories: capital itself has reunited the lost

communities of the human species in misery. The life that is sketched

out for us on the horizon will be lived commonly under the mark of

precariousness. Carefully prepared by the development of exploitation,

here are the modern material bases for the ancient dreams of freedom,

here is the site of the coming revolts.

Chapter 2. Before a New Great Wall of China

The upheavals that have rendered the planet so unrecognizable show a

constant: capital follows a two-fold movement. On the one hand, it

dismembers every social tissue that puts up resistance to its expansion;

on the other hand, it reconstructs relations between individuals

according to its requirements. Every economic transformation is always a

social transformation as well, since the way in which men and women are

exploited modifies their way of standing together and therefore of

rebelling. In this sense, profit and social control are two aims of one

project of domination.

After having destroyed past communities and their forms of solidarity,

capital has begun to dismantle the social unity that it created itself

through the industrialization of the masses. This not only in order to

outflank the workers resistance that the factory system unintentionally

“organized”, but also because the capitalists experienced the necessity

of having to resort to a production process in order to make money as a

constriction. The enslavement of science to capital and the consequent

technological transformations have allowed a new economic-social

expansion. Valorization — the transformation of life into commodity —

abolishes time and space to an ever greater extent with the aim of

freeing itself from any fixed material basis. In this sense virtual

reality (so called cyberspace, the global cybernetic web) represents its

ideal condition. Once again the movement is two-fold: if valorization

eliminates hostile relations in the circulation of information capital

and human resources, at the same time it reconstructs social relations

under the sign of the virtual ( through simulacra of human relations and

electronic narcotics). All this presupposes a process that is forming a

“new human” in a position to adapt itself to conditions of increasingly

artificialized life. From the moment in which the economy is extended to

all social relationships, incorporating the entire living process of the

human species, its ultimate utopia could only be the pure circulation of

value that valorizes itself: money that produces money. Correspondingly,

after having extended itself to all social space, the final frontier of

capital, its last territory of conquest, can only be its enemy par

excellence: the human body. Hence, the development of bio-technology and

of genetic engineering. Without going into the merit of particular

aspects of this war on the living here, it is important to underscore

the fundamental role of technology. By technology, we do not mean “the

rational discourse on technique” in a general way, nor each mechanical

extension of human capabilities. Retracing the very history of the use

of the concept, it seems more accurate to define it as the application

of the advanced techniques of industrial production to the mass in the

moment that scientific research based itself upon the military apparatus

(the 1940’s). It’s a question of that process which, beginning with the

nuclear and aeronautics industries and passing through research on

plastic materials, antibiotics and genetics, has arrived at electronics,

informatics and cybernetics. The industrial applications of the most

modern techniques proceed at the same rate as the specialized knowledge

in molecular biology, chemistry, physics, etc and the ideology of

progress by which they are justified. This process that began during

World War 2 is inseparable from the power struggle between states, the

true organizers of industrial society. The development of a knowledge

and technics that are increasingly uncontrollable builds a wall that

grows higher every day between the producer and the object he

manufactures, between the machine and her ability to control it. This

deprives the producer at the same time of all material autonomy and of

the awareness of a possible expropriation (in order to rend the

technical and productive tools from the bosses for their free and

reciprocal use). One finds the source of our precarious and artificial

lives in this double dispossession and not in “neoliberal injustice”. If

capital has diffused itself throughout the entire territory; if the

expropriation of its specialized techniques is impossible (since they

are unusable from a revolutionary, or even just a human, point of view):

if every productive center (the Factory) to which we could oppose a

central organization like a party or union has disappeared with its

historical subject — then nothing remains except the proletarian weapon

par excellence: sabotage. Nothing remains except the anonymous and

generalized attack against the structures of production, information,

control and repression. Only in this way can one stand against the

double movement of capital, obstructing the brutal atomization of

individuals and at the same time impeding the construction of the “new

human” of cybernetics, before the social walls that will have to

accommodate it are realized.

Chapter 3. The Name of the Assassins

From the time they first opened, a long series of revolts has

characterized life at the temporary holding centers for undocumented

immigrants. Foreigners awaiting expulsion are enclosed in these

structures in inhuman living conditions. It is difficult to speak of

these centers without taking the risk of falling into the pitiful

chatter that is so much in vogue among the aid organizations — more or

less governmental, it matters little — that are so expert in the

utilization of blood, particularly after so many long lists of the dead

killed during these revolts. We are not interested in inviting you to

the commotion or the collective petitions for the closure of these

jails. The death of these foreigners stands along side the murder of

millions of others among the exploited, men and women who are killed by

wars, by work, by the destruction of territory, by prison, or more

quickly by the bullet from a cop’s gun. We no longer believe anyone who

tells us that it’s a question of incidents far away or of bloody abuse:

it is business as usual; all the victims of this global slaughterhouse

can be laid to the account of capital and the state. As opposed to

boorish pietism, to christian aperitifs composed of tears, to those who

would want the immigrants out of the “gulag” as long as they remain

peaceful but in jail if guilty, to those who would want a world more or

less like this one but a bit more “humane”, to those who dream of a less

bloody capitalism or to those who exploit these episodes in order to

enlarge their revolutionary clique — in short, as opposed to anyone who

preaches solidarity in oppression, we prefer to propose complicity in

revolt. No struggle can be separated from any other, because each

manifestation of power is deeply connected to all the others. It is

certainly important to close the detention centers, but to demand it

from the states merely means to push them to find more efficient and

less visible forms of control and repression. Besides understanding

these centers as mere physical structures means to hide all those

arteries that permit their existence: from the Red Cross that co-manages

them to the firms that build them to the contractors for food supplies;

all these are the temporary detention centers; all these are the

murderers as well.

Chapter 4. Unity in Abjectness

In 1984 by George Orwell, a book that a half a century of

totalitarianism has only confirmed, we find the description of two

completely separate cultures inside the society: that of the

functionaries of the party and that of the proletariat (as those

excluded from the bureaucratic-socialist citadel and its ideology are

described). The functionaries have completely different speech,

attitudes, values and even consciousness from that of the proletariat.

No communication is possible between the two classes. The proletarians

do not revolt against the party simply because they don’t know its

nature or even its concrete localization: one cannot combat something

one does not understand or even know. The functionaries systematically

forget — a selective amnesia that Orwell calls “doublethink” — the lies

on which they base their ideological adherence to power over time and

over human beings. The specialization (rather the parcelization and the

incessant repetition) of the activities is entirely at the service of

the dogmas of the party, which the party presents as the infallible

knowledge of historical and social totality. To accomplish this, it

needs absolute control of the past with the aim of governing the future.

If one changes a few names, one will see that this class division, based

on a clear cultural separation, represents the precise tendency of the

society in which we live. Today the functionaries of the party are the

technobureaucrats of the economic-administrative machine on which the

industrial apparatus, scientific and technological research, and

political, media and military power are based. The Orwellian

proletarians are the exploited lightened — by capital — of those baleful

illusions that were the class programs. Precarious in work as in

everything else, they are dispossessed of that which is increasingly

necessary to the functioning of the social machine: technological

knowledge. Thus they are forced into a new misery, that of one who no

longer desires a wealth she does not even understand. Technological

separation: here is the new Great Wall of China that the exploiters have

built in the name of the struggle against the Enemy (pretending that

there is an enemy from far away, when on the contrary its aim is the

management of work.)

Today the citadel of the party is telematic technology; its Ministry of

Truth is the mass media; its dogmas, eternal for the space of one night,

all have the sweet ring of uncertainty. From the multinationals to the

banking system, from the nuclear industry to the military, the bases of

the technobureaucracy are two: energy and information. Whoever controls

these controls time and space.

Outside of the masses of technical workers without qualification, there

are the possessors of highly specialized knowledge whose numbers

decrease daily; but we all share in the consequences of this knowledge —

first among them, the impoverishment of ideas and logic. In spite of

this, the aim of the technobureaucrats and their journalists is actually

to make us feel responsible for the disaster that they produce daily:

the we that they apply to us without reprieve is an order to unity in

abjectness. They invite us to discuss every fictitious problem, they

grant us the right to express ourselves, after having deprived us of the

means of doing so. Therefore every ideology of democratic participation

(combating “exclusion” is the program of the left of capital) is only

complicity in the disaster. Just like in 1984, today’s proletarians have

a knowledge, memory and language separate from that of the party; it is

only on the basis of this separation that they have the right and the

duty to participate in the social order. The difference is that in

Orwell the non-functionaries are the only one’s to have access to a past

— places, objects, songs — not yet obliterated. And this because they

still have social bonds, even if in the shadow of the bombs. But what

remains when the party (that is the state-capitalist system)

appropriates all of social life?

That is why in these pages on the undesirables, technology is talked

about at the same time. A critique of technological progress that

abandons the discussion of class seems to us to be just as partial as a

critique of precariousness that does not confront the new forms and

territories of techno-scientific dispossession.

The division into two worlds that is developing could preclude all

feeling for revolt: how can one desire an other life when every trace of

it has disappeared?

Chapter 5. A Two-Headed Hydra

There are already many among the radical democrats and the “people of

the left” who attribute a purely decorative role to the state in the

decisions made over our skins. In substance, a world hierarchy is

outlined that sees the great financial and multinational powers at the

peak and on the lower steps the individual national states that

increasingly become mere aides, executors of final decisions. This leads

to an illusion that is having the worst consequences. Indeed, many are

trying to impose a reformist and, in some ways, nostalgic direction on

the struggles that are developing throughout the planet against specific

aspects of “globalization”: the defense of “good” old national

capitalism and, correspondingly, the defense of the old model of state

intervention in the economy. However, nobody notices that that the

ultra-liberal theory so much in fashion in these times and the Keynesian

model in fashion until a few years ago simply propose two different ways

of organizing exploitation.

Of course, it cannot be denied that the actual state of things all of

our lives is determined as a function of “global” economic necessity,

but this does not mean that politics has ceased to be harmful. To think

of the state as already being a fictitious entity or exclusively as the

regulator of exploitation and of social conflicts is at least limited.

It is a capitalist among capitalists, and among these it fulfills vital

functions for all the others. Nonetheless, its bureaucracy, bound but

not subordinated to the cadres of enterprise, aims above all to

reproduce its own power. The state, in preparing the terrain for

capital, develops its own at the same time. The progressive demolition

of the barriers of time and space — the essential condition for the new

form of capitalist domination — is prearranged by state structures that

place territories, funds and research at its disposal. The possibility

of making merchandise travel increasingly quickly, for example, comes

from the development of networks of highways, the High Speed Railroad,

the system of ports and airports: without these structures, organized by

the state, “globalization” would not even be thinkable. Similarly,

information networks are nothing other than a new utilization of old

telephone cables: every innovation in this sector (communications via

satellite, fiber optics, etc.) is taken care of once again by state

structures. This is how the other fundamental necessity of the

globalized economy is satisfied, the possibility of making data and

capital travel in tiny instants. In the realm of research, of the

continuous modernization of technology, the state plays a central role

as well. From the nuclear to the cybernetic, from the study of new

materials to genetic engineering, from electronics to

telecommunications, the development of technical power is bound to the

merger of the industrial and scientific apparatus with that of the

military.

As we all know, from time to time capital needs to restructure itself,

which is to say to change the systems, the rhythms, the qualifications

and therefore the relations among workers. Often these changes are so

extreme (dismissal in mass, infernal rhythms, drastic reductions in

guarantees) as to put social stability in crisis and to require forced

interventions of a political sort. Not only are the rages against

fictitious enemies (those of “different” religions or ethnicities for

example) managed in this way, but the economy succeeds in revitalizing

itself: the militarization of labor, the orders for arms and the

lowering of wages cause the remainder of the old industrial system to

yield the maximum, while the generalized destruction makes room for a

modern productive apparatus and for foreign investments. For the

undesirables — the restless and superfluous exploited — the social

intervention of the state becomes more efficient: extermination.

One of the characteristics of our time is the increasingly massive

migratory flow toward the western metropolises — briefly, the

alternations between care taking and closing borders do not have their

basis in the alleged benevolence of any government but in the attempt to

manage a situation that is increasingly unmanageable while at the same

time drawing profit from it. On the one hand it is not possible to

hermetically seal the frontier. On the other, a small percentage of

immigrants is useful — particularly if they are undocumented and

therefore blackmailable — because it represents a good reservoir of

cheap labor. But mass lack of documentation creates social turbulence

that is barely controllable. The government must navigate between these

necessities; the smooth functioning of the economy depends on it.

Thus, as the world market unifies the conditions of exploitation without

eliminating competition among capitalists, in the same way a multi-state

power exists that coordinates the projects of domination without

canceling political and military competition between particular

governments. Financial and economic agreements, laws on the flexibility

of labor, the role of the unions, coordination of the military and the

police, the ecological management of pollution, the repression of

dissent — all this is determined at the international level. The

execution of these decisions nevertheless belongs to each government,

which has to make itself capable of the task. The body of this hydra is

the technobureaucratic structure. The requirements of the market are not

only combined with those of social control, but use the same “networks”.

For example, banking, insurance, medical and police systems continually

exchange their data. The omnipresence of magnetic threads brings about a

generalized record of tastes, purchases, movements, habits. Everything

under the eyes of increasingly widespread telecameras and among cellular

phones that mimic the virtual and recorded version of human

communication that is not there. Neoliberalism or not, the intervention

of the state on the territory and in our lives is increasingly

far-reaching without being separated from the structures of production,

distribution and reproduction of capital.

In fact, the alleged hierarchy between the power of the multi-nationals

and that of the state does not exist, because they are equally part of

the single, inorganic power that is waging war on the autonomy of human

beings and of life on earth.

The history of modern capitalism opened with a vast insurrection of

workers and craftspeople who refused to manufacture shoddy goods and to

have no control over the machines and production. It was 1811 in

England, and the insurgents were called luddites. Their spontaneous and

informal organization, which developed throughout the city and the

countryside, extended to all workers without distinction by trade. They

passed into history for destroying industrial machinery by beating them

with sledgehammers and for the powerful conspiracy of a population that

the police could not force to snitch. The “criminals” were everywhere

and nowhere thanks to the complicity of unknowns. The army was not

sufficient for reestablishing order: some of the rebels required the

control of the unions and the blackmail of elections, others required

the gallows. The machines destroyed their communities; they destroyed

the machines. They wanted to decide for themselves how they would relate

together. They were proud of their hands which had not yet been reduced

to prostheses of capital.

In this harmful and moribund time, technology not only forces emigration

and precariousness, poisons the food and air and connects the masters,

their knowledge and their police; it also serves to control the poor, to

standardize behavior and to repress revolt as well. Today, like

yesterday, it is the center of capitalist dispossession; it reduces

human ability and increases competition, uproots the poor and isolates

them, spies on the restless, terrorizes the undocumented and denounces

the outlaw. The integration it imposes is in reality an accumulation of

ghettoes.

The time has come again to attack the thousand nodes of our misery and

our submission — new hammer blows for a luddism that is even more lucid

and radical. Brothers and sisters, the time has come for a new anonymous

and seditious solidarity without leaders or mediators. The time has come

for a new conspiracy.