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Title: The Handicapped
Author: Randolph Bourne
Date: 1911
Language: en
Topics: ableism
Source: Retrieved on 18 November 2010 from http://www.raggededgemagazine.com/0501/0501ft2-1.htm
Notes: from The Atlantic Monthly

Randolph Bourne

The Handicapped

It would not perhaps be thought, ordinarily, that the man whom physical

disabilities have made so helpless that he is unable to move around

among his fellows can bear his lot more happily, even though he suffer

pain, and face life with a more cheerful and contented spirit, than can

the man whose deformities are merely enough to mark him out from the

rest of his fellows without preventing him from entering with them into

most of their common affairs and experiences. But the fact is that the

former’s very helplessness makes him content to rest and not to strive.

I know a young man so helplessly deformed that he has to be carried

about, who is happy in reading a little, playing chess, taking a course

or two in college, and all with the sunniest goodwill in the world, and

a happiness that seems strange and unaccountable to my restlessness. He

does not cry for the moon.

When one, however, is in full possession of his faculties, and can move

about freely, bearing simply a crooked back and an unsightly face, he is

perforce drawn into all the currents of life. Particularly if he has his

own way in the world to make, his road is apt to be hard and rugged, and

he will penetrate to an unusual depth in his interpretation both of the

world’s attitude toward such misfortunes, and of the attitude toward the

world which such misfortunes tend to cultivate in men like him. For he

has all the battles of a stronger man to fight, and he is at a double

disadvantage in fighting them. He has constantly with him the sense of

being obliged to make extra efforts to overcome the bad impression of

his physical defects, and he is haunted with a constant feeling of

weakness and low vitality which makes effort more difficult and renders

him easily fainthearted and discouraged by failure. He is never

confident of himself, because he has grown up in an atmosphere where

nobody has been very confident of him; and yet his environment and

circumstances call out all sorts of ambitions and energies in him which,

from the nature of his case, are bound to be immediately thwarted. This

attitude is likely to keep him at a generally low level of

accomplishment unless he have an unusually strong will, and a strong

will is perhaps the last thing to develop under such circumstances.

That vague sense of physical uncomfortableness which is with him nearly

every minute of his waking day serves, too, to make steady application

for hours to any particular kind of work much more irksome than it is

even to the lazy man. No one but the deformed man can realize just what

the mere fact of sitting a foot lower than the normal means in

discomfort and annoyance. For one cannot carry one’s special chair

everywhere, to theatre and library and train and schoolroom. This sounds

trivial, I know, but I mention it because it furnishes a real, even

though usually dim, “background of consciousness” which one had to

reckon with during all one’s solid work or enjoyment. The things that

the world deems hardest for the deformed man to bear are perhaps really

the easiest of all. I can truthfully say, for instance, that I have

never suffered so much as a pang from the interested comments on my

personal appearance made by urchins in the street, nor from the curious

looks of people in the street and public places. To ignore this vulgar

curiosity is the simplest and easiest thing in the world. It does not

worry me in the least to appear on a platform if I have anything to say

and there is anybody to listen. What one does get sensitive to is rather

the inevitable way that people, acquaintances and strangers alike, have

of discounting in advance what one does or says.

The deformed man is always conscious that the world does not expect very

much from him. And it takes him a long time to see in this a challenge

instead of a firm pressing down to a low level of accomplishment. As a

result, he does not expect very much of himself; he is timid in

approaching people, and distrustful of his ability to persuade and

convince. He becomes extraordinarily sensitive to other people’s first

impressions of him. Those who are to be his friends he knows instantly,

and further acquaintance adds little to the intimacy and warm friendship

that he at once feels for them. On the other hand, those who do not

respond to him immediately cannot by any effort either on his part or

theirs overcome that first alienation.

This sensitiveness has both its good and bad sides. It makes friendship

that most precious thing in the world to him, and he finds that he

arrives at a much richer and wider intimacy with his friends than do

ordinary men with their light, surface friendships, based on good

fellowship or the convenience of the moment. But on the other hand this

sensitiveness absolutely unfits him for business and the practice of a

profession, where one must be “all things to all men,” and the

professional manner is indispensable to success. For here, where he has

to meet a constant stream of men of all sorts and conditions, his

sensitiveness to these first impressions will make his case hopeless.

Except with those few who by some secret sympathy will seem to respond,

his deformity will stand like a huge barrier between his personality and

other men’s. The magical good fortune of attractive personal appearance

makes its way almost without effort in the world, breaking down all

sorts of walls of disapproval and lack of interest. Even the homely

person can attract by personal charm. But deformity cannot even be

charming.

The doors of the deformed man are always locked, and the key is on the

outside. He may have treasures of charm inside, but they will never be

revealed unless the person outside cooperates with him in unlocking the

door. A friend becomes, to a much greater degree than with the ordinary

man, the indispensable means of discovering one’s own personality. One

only exists, so to speak, with friends. It is easy to see how hopelessly

such a sensitiveness incapacitates a man for business, professional, or

social life, where the hasty and superficial impression is everything,

and disaster is the fate of the man who has not all the treasures of his

personality in the front window, where they can be readily inspected and

appraised.

It thus takes the deformed man a long time to get adjusted to his world.

Childhood is perhaps the hardest time of all. As a child he is a strange

creature in a strange land. It was my own fate to be just strong enough

to play about with the other boys, and attempt all their games and

“stunts” without being strong enough actually to succeed in any of them.

It never used to occur to me that my failures and lack of skill were due

to circumstances beyond my control, but I would always impute them, in

consequence of my rigid Calvinistic bringing-up, I suppose, to some

moral weakness of my own. I suffered tortures in trying to learn to

skate, to climb trees, to play ball, to conform in general to the ways

of the world. I never resigned myself to the inevitable, but overexerted

myself constantly in a grim determination to succeed. I was good at my

lessons, and through timidity rather than priggishness, I hope, a very

well-behaved boy at school; I was devoted, too, to music, and learned to

play the piano pretty well. But I despised my reputation for excellence

in these things, and instead of adapting myself philosophically to the

situation, I strove (and have been striving ever since) to do the things

I could not.

As I look back now it seems perfectly natural that I should have

followed the standards of the crowd, and loathed my high marks in

lessons and deportment, and the concerts to which I was sent by my aunt,

and the exhibitions of my musical skill that I had to give before

admiring ladies. Whether or not such an experience is typical of

handicapped children, there is tragedy there for those situated as I

was. For had I been a little weaker physically, I should have been

thrown back on reading omnivorously and cultivating my music, with some

possible results; while if I had been a little stronger, I could have

participated in the play on an equal footing with the rest. As it was, I

simply tantalized myself, and grew up with a deepening sense of failure,

and a lack of pride in what I really excelled at.

When the world become one of dances and parties and social evenings and

boy-and-girl attachments — the world of youth — I was to find myself

still less adapted to it. And this was the harder to bear because I was

naturally sociable, and all these things appealed tremendously to me.

This world of admiration and gayety and smiles and favors and quick

interest and companionship, however, is only for the well-begotten and

the debonair. It was not through any cruelty or dislike, I think, that I

was refused admittance; indeed they were always very kind about inviting

me. But it was more as if a ragged urchin had been asked to come and

look through the window at the light and warmth of a glittering party; I

was truly in the world, but not of the world. Indeed there were times

when one would almost prefer conscious cruelty to this silent,

unconscious, gentle oblivion. And this is the tragedy, I suppose, not

only of the deformed, but of all the ill-favored and unattractive to a

greater or less degree. The world of youth is a world of so many

conventions, and the abnormal in any direction is so glaringly and

hideously abnormal.

Although it took me a long time to understand this, and I continue to

attribute my failure mostly to my own character, trying hard to

compensate for my physical deficiencies by skill and cleverness, I

suffered comparatively few pangs, and got much better adjusted to this

world than to the other, For I was older, and I had acquired a lively

interest in all the social politics; I would get so interested in

watching how people behaved, and in sizing them up, that only at rare

intervals would I remember that I was really having no hand in the game.

This interest just in the ways people are human has become more and more

a positive advantage in my life, and has kept sweet many a situation

that might easily have cost me a pang. Not that a person with my

disabilities should be a sort of detective, evil-mindedly using his

social opportunities for spying out and analyzing his friends’ foibles,

but that, if he does acquire an interest in people quite apart from

their relation to him, he may go into society with an easy conscience

and a certainty that he will be entertained and possibly entertaining,

even though he cuts a poor enough social figure. He must simply not

expect too much.

Perhaps the bitterest struggles of the handicapped man come when he

tackles the business world. If he has to go out for himself to look for

work, without fortune, training, or influence, as I personally did, his

way will indeed be rugged. His disability will work against him for any

position where he must be much in the eyes of men, and his general

insignificance has a subtle influence in convincing those to whom he

applies that he is unfitted for any kind of work. As I have suggested,

his keen sensitiveness to other people’s impressions of him makes him

more than unusually timid and unable to counteract that fatal first

impression by any display of personal force and will. He cannot get his

personality over across that barrier. The cards seem stacked against him

from the start. With training and influence something might be done, but

alone and unaided his case is almost hopeless. At least, this was my own

experience. We were poor relations, and our prosperous relatives thought

they had done quite enough for us without sending me through college,

and I did not seem strong enough to work my way through (although I have

since done it). I started out auspiciously enough, becoming a sort of

apprentice to a musician who had invented a machine for turning out

music-rolls. Here, with steady work, good pay, and the comfortable

consciousness that I was “helping support the family,” I got the first

pleasurable sensation of self-respect, I think, that I ever had. But

with the failure of this business I was precipitated against the real

world.

It would be futile to recount the story of my struggles: how I besieged

for nearly two years firm after firm, in search of a permanent position,

trying everything in New York in which I thought I had the slightest

chance of success, meanwhile making a precarious living by a few music

lessons. The attitude toward me ranged from “You can’t expect us to

create a place for you,” to, “How could it enter your head that we

should find any use for a man like you?” My situation was doubtless

unusual. Few men handicapped as I was would be likely to go so long

without arousing some interest and support in relative or friend. But my

experience serves to illustrate the peculiar difficulties that a

handicapped man meets if he has his own way to make in the world. He is

discounted at the start: it is not business to make allowances for

anybody; and while people were not cruel or unkind, it was the hopeless

finality of the thing that filled one’s heart with despair.

The environment of a big city is perhaps the worst possible that a man

in such a situation could have. For the thousands of seeming

opportunities lead one restlessly on and on, and keep one’s mind

perpetually unsettled and depressed. There is a poignant mental torture

that comes with such an experience — the urgent need, the repeated

failure, or rather the repeated failure even to obtain a chance to fail,

the realization that those at home can ill afford to have you idle, the

growing dread of encountering people — all this is something that those

who have never been through it can never realize. Personally I know of

no particular way of escape. One can expect to do little by one’s own

unaided efforts. I solved my difficulties only by evading them, by

throwing overboard some of my responsibility, and taking the desperate

step of entering college on a scholarship. Desultory work is not nearly

so humiliating when one is using one’s time to some advantage, and

college furnishes an ideal environment where the things at which a man

handicapped like myself can succeed really count. One’s self-respect can

begin to grow like a weed.

For at the bottom of all the difficulties of a man like me is really the

fact that his self-respect is so slow in growing up. Accustomed from

childhood to being discounted, his self-respect is not naturally very

strong, and it would require pretty constant success in a congenial line

of work really to confirm it. If he could only more easily separate the

factors that are due to his physical disability from those that are due

to his weak will and character, he might more quickly attain

self-respect, for he would realize what he is responsible for, and what

he is not. But at the beginning he rarely makes allowances for himself,

he is his own severest judge. He longs for a “strong will,” and yet the

experience of having his efforts promptly nipped off at the beginning is

the last thing on earth to produce that will.

Life, particularly if he is brought into harsh and direct touch with the

real world, is a much more complex thing to him than to the ordinary

man. Many of his inherited platitudes vanish at the first touch. Life

appears to him as a grim struggle, where ability does not necessarily

mean opportunity and success, nor piety sympathy, and where helplessness

cannot count on assistance and kindly interest. Human affairs seem to be

running on a wholly irrational plan, and success to be founded on chance

as much as on anything. But if he can stand the first shock of

disillusionment, he may find himself enormously interested in

discovering how they actually do run, and he will want to burrow into

the motives of men, and find the reasons for the crass inequalities and

injustices of the world he sees around him. He has practically to

construct anew a world of his own, and explain a great many things to

himself that the ordinary person never dreams of finding unintelligible

at all. He will be filled with a profound sympathy for all who are

despised and ignored in the world. When he has been through the neglect

and struggles of a handicapped and ill-favored man himself, he will

begin to understand the feelings of all the horde of the unpresentable

and the unemployable, the incompetent and the ugly, the queer and

crotchety people who make up so large a proportion of human folk.

We are perhaps too prone to get our ideas and standards of worth from

the successful, without reflecting that the interpretations of life

which patriotic legend, copybook philosophy, and the sayings of the

wealthy give us are pitifully inadequate for those who fall behind in

the race. Surely there are enough people to whom the task of making a

decent living and maintaining themselves and their families in their

social class, or of winning and keeping the respect of their fellows, is

a hard and bitter task, to make a philosophy gained through personal

disability and failure as just and true a method of appraising the life

around us as the cheap optimism of the ordinary professional man. And

certainly a kindlier, for it has no shade of contempt or disparagement

about it.

It irritates me as if I had been spoken of contemptuously myself, to

hear people called “common” or “ordinary,” or to see that deadly and

delicate feeling for social gradations crop out, which so many of our

upper-middle-class women seem to have. It makes me wince to hear a man

spoken of as a failure, or to have it said of one that he “doesn’t

amount to much.” Instantly I want to know why he has not succeeded, and

what have been the forces that have been working against him. He is the

truly interesting person, and yet how little our eager-pressing,

onrushing world cares about such aspects of life, and how hideously

though unconsciously cruel and heartless it usually is.

Often I had tried in arguments to show my friends how much of

circumstance and chance go to the making of success; and when I reached

the age of sober reading, a long series of the works of radical social

philosophers, beginning with Henry George, provided me with the

materials for a philosophy which explained why men were miserable and

overworked, and why there was on the whole so little joy and gladness

among us — and which fixed the blame. Here was suggested a goal, and a

definite glorious future, toward which all good men might work. My own

working hours became filled with visions of how men could be brought to

see all that this meant, and how I in particular might work some great

and wonderful thing for human betterment. In more recent years, the

study of history and social psychology and ethics has made those crude

outlines sounder and more normal, and brought them into a saner relation

to other aspects of life and thought, but I have not lost the first glow

of enthusiasm, nor my belief in social progress as the first right and

permanent interest for every thinking and truehearted man or woman.

I am ashamed that my experience has given me so little chance to count

in any way toward either the spreading of such a philosophy or toward

direct influence and action. Nor do I yet see clearly how I shall be

able to count effectually toward this ideal. Of one thing I am sure,

however: that life will have little meaning for me except as I am able

to contribute toward some such ideal of social betterment, if not in

deed, then in word. For this is the faith that I believe we need today,

all of us — a truly religious belief in human progress, a thorough

social consciousness, an eager delight in every sign and promise of

social improvement, and best of all, a new spirit of courage that will

dare. I want to give to the young men whom I see -who, with fine

intellect and high principles, lack just that light of the future on

their faces that would give them a purpose and meaning in life — to them

I want to give some touch of this philosophy — that will energize their

lives, and save them from the disheartening effects of that poisonous

counsel of timidity and distrust of human ideals which pours out in

steady stream from reactionary press and pulpit.

It is hard to tell just how much of this philosophy has been due to my

handicaps. If it is solely to my physical misfortunes that I owe its

existence, the price has not been a heavy one to pay. For it has given

me something that I should not know how to be without. For, however

gained, this radical philosophy has not only made the world intelligible

and dynamic to me, but has furnished me with the strongest spiritual

support. I know that many people, handicapped by physical weakness and

failure, find consolation and satisfaction in a very different sort of

faith — in an evangelical religion, and a feeling of close dependence on

God and close communion with him. But my experience has made my ideal of

character militant rather than long-suffering.

I very early experienced a revulsion against the rigid Presbyterianism

in which I had been brought up — a purely intellectual revulsion, I

believe, because my mind was occupied for a long time afterward with

theological questions, and the only feeling that entered into it was a

sort of disgust at the arrogance of damning so great a proportion of the

human race. I read T. W. Higginson’s The Sympathy of Religions with the

greatest satisfaction, and attended the Unitarian Church whenever I

could slip away. This faith, while it still appeals to me, seems at

times a little too static and refined to satisfy me with completeness.

For some time there was a considerable bitterness in my heart at the

narrowness of the people who could still find comfort in the old faith.

Reading Buckle and Oliver Wendell Holmes gave me a new contempt for

“conventionality,” and my social philosophy still further tortured me by

throwing the burden for the misery of the world on these same good

neighbors. And all this, although I think I did not make a nuisance of

myself, made me feel a spiritual and intellectual isolation in addition

to my more or less effective physical isolation.

Happily these days are over. The world has righted itself, and I have

been able to appreciate and realize how people count in a social and

group capacity as well as in an individual and personal one, and to

separate the two in my thinking. Really to believe in human nature while

striving to know the thousand forces that warp it from its ideal

development — to call for and expect much from men and women, and not to

be disappointed and embittered if they fall short — to try to do good

with people rather than to them -this is my religion on its human side.

And if God exists, I think that He must be in the warm sun, in the

kindly actions of the people we know and read of, in the beautiful

things of art and nature, and in the closeness of friendships. He may

also be in heaven, in life, in suffering, but it is only in these simple

moments of happiness that I feel Him and know that He is there.

Death I do not understand at all. I have seen it in its cruelest, most

irrational forms, where there has seemed no excuse, no palliation. I

have only known that if we were more careful, and more relentless in

fighting evil, if we knew more of medical science, such things would not

be. I know that a sound body, intelligent care and training, prolong

life, and that the death of a very old person is neither sad nor

shocking, but sweet and fitting. I see in death a perpetual warning of

how much there is to be known and done in the way of human progress and

betterment. And equally, it seems to me, is this true of disease. So all

the crises and deeper implications of life seem inevitably to lead back

to that question of social improvement, and militant learning and doing.

This, then, is the goal of my religion — the bringing of fuller, richer

life to more people on this earth. All institutions and all works that

do not have this for their object are useless and pernicious. And this

is not to be a mere philosophic precept which may well be buried under a

host of more immediate matters, but a living faith, to permeate one’s

thought, and transfuse one’s life. Prevention must be the method against

evil. To remove temptation from men, and to apply the stimulus which

shall call forth their highest endeavors — these seem to me the only

right principles of ethical endeavor. Not to keep waging the agelong

battle with sin and poverty, but to make the air around men so pure that

foul lungs cannot breathe it — this should be our noblest religious aim.

Education — knowledge and training — I have felt so keenly my lack of

these things that I count them as the greatest of means toward making

life noble and happy. The lack of stimulus has tended with me to

dissipate the power which might otherwise have been concentrated in some

one productive direction. Or perhaps it was the many weak stimuli that

constantly incited me and thus kept me from following one particular

bent. I look back on what seems a long waste of intellectual power, time

frittered away in groping and moping, which might easily have been spent

constructively. A defect in one of the physical senses often means a

keener sensitiveness in the others, but it seems that unless the sphere

of action that the handicapped man has is very much narrowed, his

intellectual ability will not grow in compensation for his physical

defects. He will always feel that, had he been strong or even

successful, he would have been further advanced intellectually, and

would have attained greater command over his powers. For his mind tends

to be cultivated extensively, rather than intensively. He has so many

problems to meet, so many things to explain to himself, that he acquires

a wide rather than a profound knowledge. Perhaps eventually, by

eliminating most of these interests as practicable fields, he may tie

himself down to one line of work; but at first he is pretty apt to find

his mind rebellious. If he is eager and active, he will get a smattering

of too many things, and his imperfect, badly trained organism will make

intense application very difficult.

Now that I have talked a little of my philosophy of life, particularly

about what I want to put into it, there is something to be said also of

its enjoyment, and what I may hope to get out of it. I have said that my

ideal of character was militant rather than long-suffering. It is true

that my world has been one of failure and deficit — I have accomplished

practically nothing alone, and can count only two or three instances

where I have received kindly counsel and suggestion; moreover it still

seems a miracle to me that money can be spent for anything beyond the

necessities without being first carefully weighed and pondered over —

but it has not been a world of suffering and sacrifice, my health has

been almost criminally perfect in the light of my actual achievement,

and life has appeared to me, at least since my more pressing

responsibilities were removed, as a challenge and an arena, rather than

a vale of tears. I do not like the idea of helplessly suffering one’s

misfortunes, of passively bearing one’s lot. The Stoics depress me. I do

not want to look on my life as an eternal making the best of a bad

bargain. Granting all the circumstances, admitting all my disabilities,

I want too to “warm both hands before the fire of life.” What

satisfactions I have, and they are many and precious, I do not want to

look on as compensations, but as positive goods.

The difference between what the strongest of the strong and the most

winning of the attractive can get out of life, and what I can, is after

all so slight. Our experiences and enjoyments, both his and mine, are so

infinitesimal compared with the great mass of possibilities; and there

must be a division of labor. If he takes the world of physical

satisfactions and of material success, I at least can occupy the far

richer kingdom of mental effort and artistic appreciation. And on the

side of what we are to put into life, although I admit that achievement

on my part will be harder relatively to encompass than on his, at least

I may have the field of artistic creation and intellectual achievement

for my own. Indeed, as one gets older, the fact of one’s disabilities

fades dimmer and dimmer away from consciousness. One’s enemy is now

one’s own weak will, and the struggle is to attain the artistic ideal

one has set.

But one must have grown up, to get this attitude. And that is the best

thing the handicapped man can do. Growing up will have given him one of

the greatest, and certainly the most durable satisfaction of his life.

It will mean at least that he is out of the woods. Childhood has nothing

to offer him; youth little more. They are things to be gotten through

with as soon as possible. For he will not understand, and he will not be

understood. He finds himself simply a bundle of chaotic impulses and

emotions and ambitions, very few of which, from the nature of the case,

can possibly be realized or satisfied. He is bound to be at cross-grains

with the world, and he has to look sharp that he does not grow up with a

bad temper and a hateful disposition, and become cynical and bitter

against those who turn him away. But grown up, his horizon will broaden;

he will get a better perspective, and will not take the world so

seriously as he used to, nor will failure frighten him so much. He can

look back and see how inevitable it all was, and understand how

precarious and problematic even the best regulated of human affairs may

be. And if he feels that there were times when he should have been able

to count upon the help and kindly counsel of relatives and acquaintances

who remained dumb and uninterested, he will not put their behavior down

as proof of the depravity of human nature, but as due to an unfortunate

blindness which it will be his work to avoid in himself by looking out

for others when he has the power.

When he has grown up, he will find that people of his own age and

experience are willing to make those large allowances for what is out of

the ordinary which were impossible to his younger friends, and that

grown-up people touch each other on planes other than the purely

superficial. With a broadening of his own interests, he will find

himself overlapping other people’s personalities at new points, and will

discover with rare delight that he is beginning to be understood and

appreciated — at least to a greater degree than when he had to keep his

real interests hid as something unusual. For he will begin to see in his

friends, his music and books, and his interest in people and social

betterment, his true life; many of his restless ambitions will fade

gradually away, and he will come to recognize all the more clearly some

true ambition of his life that is within the range of his capabilities.

He will have built up his world, and have sifted out the things that are

not going to concern him, and participation in which will only serve to

vex and harass him. He may well come to count his deformity even as a

blessing, for it has made impossible to him at last many things in the

pursuit of which he would only fritter away his time and dissipate his

interest. He must not think of “resigning himself to his fate”; above

all he must insist on his own personality. For once really grown up, he

will find that he has acquired self-respect and personality.

Grown-upness, I think, is not a mere question of age, but of being able

to look back and understand and find satisfaction in one’s experience,

no matter how bitter it may have been.

So to all who are situated as I am, I would say — Grow up as fast as you

can. Cultivate the widest interests you can, and cherish all your

friends. Cultivate some artistic talent, for you will find it the most

durable of satisfactions, and perhaps one of the surest means of

livelihood as well. Achievement is, of course, on the knees of the gods;

but you will at least have the thrill of trial, and, after all, not to

try is to fail. Taking your disabilities for granted, and assuming

constantly that they are being taken for granted, make your social

intercourse as broad and as constant as possible. Do not take the world

too seriously, nor let too many social conventions oppress you. Keep

sweet your sense of humor, and above all do not let any morbid feelings

of inferiority creep into your soul. You will find yourself sensitive

enough to the sympathy of others, and if you do not find people who like

you and are willing to meet you more than halfway, it will be because

you have let your disability narrow your vision and shrink up your soul.

It will be really your own fault, and not that of your circumstances. In

a word, keep looking outward; look out eagerly for those things that

interest you, for people who will interest you and be friends with you,

for new interests and for opportunities to express yourself. You will

find that your disability will come to have little meaning for you, that

it will begin to fade quite completely out of your sight; you will wake

up some fine morning and find yourself, after all the struggles that

seemed so bitter to you, really and truly adjusted to the world.

I am perhaps not yet sufficiently out of the wilderness to utter all

these brave words. For, I must confess, I find myself hopelessly

dependent on my friends, and my environment. My friends have come to

mean more to me than almost anything else in the world. If it is far

harder work for a man in my situation to make friendships quickly, at

least friendships once made have a depth and intimacy quite beyond

ordinary attachments. For a man such as I am has little prestige; people

do not want to impress him. They are genuine and sincere, talk to him

freely about themselves, and are generally far less reticent about

revealing their real personality and history and aspirations. And

particularly is this so in friendships with young women. I have found

their friendships the most delightful and satisfying of all. For all

that social convention that insists that every friendship between a

young man and woman must be on a romantic basis is necessarily absent in

our case. There is no fringe around us to make our acquaintance anything

but a charming companionship. With all my friends, the same thing is

true. The first barrier of strangeness broken down, our interest is

really in each other, and not in what each is going to think of the

other, how he is to be impressed, or whether we are going to fall in

love with each other. When one of my friends moves away, I feel as if a

great hole had been left in my life. There is a whole side of my

personality that I cannot express without him. I shudder to think of any

change that will deprive me of their constant companionship. Without

friends I feel as if even my music and books and interests would turn

stale on my hands. I confess that I am not grown up enough to get along

without them.

But if I am not yet out of the wilderness, at least I think I see the

way to happiness. With health and a modicum of achievement, I shall not

see my lot as unenviable. And if misfortune comes, it will only be

something flowing from the common lot of men, not from my own particular

disability. Most of the difficulties that flow from that I flatter

myself I have met by this time of my twenty-fifth year, have looked full

in the face, have grappled with, and find in nowise so formidable as the

world usually deems them; no bar to my real ambitions and ideals.