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[...only the conclusions of this paper are made publicly available via
anonymous ftp, interested persons should visit their libraries...]
(Originally printed in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, Vol 21(1),
Jan-Mar 1989).
LSD and Creativity (reproduced w/o permission)
------------------
Oscar Janiger, M.D. (Department of Psychiatry, University of
California, Irvine, California)
Marlene Dobkin de Rios, Pd. D. (Department of Anthropology, California
State University, Fullerton, California)
CONCLUSION
Contrary to popular belief, most artists find it possible to exercise
some technical proficiency, with varying degrees of success, under the
influence of LSD. This seems to improve with repeated experiences. The
artistic productions are not ipso facto inferior to those performed in
ordinary states of consciousness. However, in evaluating the reports
and follow-up questionnaires, they are often judged by the artists to
be more interesting or even aesthetically superior to their usual mode
of expression. A review of the follow-up information shows that, in
many instances, the artist in the series described herein felt that
the LSD experience pruduced some desirable lasting change in their
understanding of their work, which continued to incluence the form and
direction of their artistic development. A so-called confusional or
disorganized phase may represent a creative crisis in which the artis
struggling, to maintain his/her traditional approach, finally reaches
another level of integration and expression.
These metamorphoses all contribute to the artists' convictions that
they are able to create new meanings in an emergent world. It is of
special interest to note that many of those elements that are
universally reported under the influence of LSD are those features
traditionally associated with heightened artistic creativity. The
ultiamte explanation for these changes may lie in a biochemical basis
of perception and/or the cultural history of the individual.
**************************** Article Separation *******************************
I was reading a back copy of The Journal of Drug Issues looking at an article
on additiction when I came accross annother article. A chemistry for world
peace. Willam H. McGlothlin, Journal of Drug Issues, Spring 1985, 225-245.
Ok so it is a twinkie title, however it is perhaps the best article I have ever
read on acid. The abstract;
This paper presents an argument for research into
the means of altering individual attitudes, values,
and communication abilities in the direction of
increased social empathy, which , inturn would
produce a more favorable enviroment for resolving
differences and facilitate peaceful negotions
between individuals and nations. It is proposed
that prior research with the drug d-lysergic acid
diethylamide (LSD), shows sufficient promise in
producing relatively long-lasting changes in the
above areas to merit further research. Furthermore,
the use of LSD has been demonstrated to be quite
safe _under supervisory conditions_, i.e. the
guided "trip." LSD is also non-toxic and
non-addictive.
A brief history of psychedelic drugs is
provided along with a description of thier
psychological effects. Some possible modes of
action are discussed. LSD and other psychedelics
are seen as a possible means of tapping mental
resources which are not ordinarily available, but
which may be of great value to the individual and
ultimately to the society.
The man who wrote it is unfortunantly dead, he was a well recognized scholar
with a number of awards from academia and the government. He worked for RAND
for a number of years and was no brainless yammerhead (despite the twinkie
title).
The article is full of all kinds of interesting things, A very good brief
history of LSD and other psychedelics, one of the dest descriptions of an LSD
experience I have ever encountered here is part:
About 30 minutes after ingesting LSD the
subject normally experiences a feeling of dizziness
or intoxication. One of the most common early
emotional reactions is smiling and laughing, which
sometimes develops into uncontrollable laughing
and/or crying. With closed eyes there is a
lightening of the normal gray-black expanse and
almost invariably colorful and luminous geometric
designs appear in the field of vision. They may
change into architechtural structures which
freaquently are in very saturated colors and appear
to be glowing from an internal light.
He goes on to discuss changes resulting from the LSD experience (almost all are
beneficial), and then talks about side effects. One nifty factoid;
Estimated rates of Major Complications Associated with LSD
Attempted completed psychotic reaction
suicide suicide over 48 hours
experimental
subjects- 0/1000 0/1000 0.8/1000
patients
undergoing
therapy- 1.2/1000 0.4/1000 1.8/1000
(w/o psychobabble that means like really fucking good)
There are also three and a half pages of cited references which alone is worth
diggin up the article.
**************************** Article Separation ****************************
Newsgroups: alt.drugs
Distribution: world
Subject: From the Merck Manual -- LSD references, etc
Keywords: LSD, Lysergic Acid Amide, Lysergic Acid
Summary: A couple of pages of copywrite infringement
From the 11th Edition of the Merck manual, the "Centennial Edition" no less:
[perhaps something to drop in the FAQ?]
5505. Lysergamide. 9,10-Didehydro-6-methylergoline-
8beta-carboxamide; lysergic acid amide; ergine. C16H17N3O;
mol wt 267.32. C 71.88%, H 6.41%, N 15.72%, O 5.99%.
Isoln from _Rivea_corymbosa_(L.) and from _Ipomoea_tricolor_
Cav., _Convolvulaceae_: Hofmann, Tscherter, _Experientia_ 16,
414 (1964). Prepn from lysergic acid hydrazide: Ainsworth,
U.S. pat. 2,756,235 (1956 to Lilly); from lysergic acid and
phosgene-dimethylformamide complex: Patelli, Bernardi,
U.S. pat. 3,141,887 (1964 to Farmitalia). Microbiological
production: Rutschmann, Kobel, U.S. pat. 3,219,545 (1965
to Sandoz).
H. CONH2
'. /
/ \
/ \
|| |
|| N
/\\ /\ / \
/ \\ / \ / CH3
|| | | \
|| | | H
\ // \ /
\// \/
| ||
| ||
HN-------
Prisms from methanol. dec 242deg. [alpha](5461)(20) + 15% (c = 0.5 in
pyridine).
Methanesulfonate, C7H21N3O4S, prisms from methanol +
acetone, dec 232deg.
Note: This is a controlled substance (depressant) listed in
the U.S. code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part 1308.13
(1987).
5506. Lysergic Acid. 9,10-Didehydro-6-methylergoline-
8-carboxylic acid. C16H16N2O2; mol wt 268.32. C 71.62%,
H 6.01%, N 10.44%, O 11.93!. Ayseqgic acid and isolyser-
gic acid are the main cleavage products formed on alkaline
hydrolysis of the alkaloids which are characteristic of ergot.
Jacobs, Craig et al., _J._Biol._Chem._ 104, 547 (1934); 125, 289
(1938); 130, 399 (1939); 145, 487 (1942); _J._Org._Chem._ 10,
76 (1945). High-yield production by _Claviceps_paspali_:
Arcamone et al., _Proc._Roy._Soc._ (London), _Ser._B_, 155, 26
(1961). total synthesis: Kornfeld et al., _J._Am._Chem._Soc._
76, 5256 (1954); 78, 3087 (1956); M. Julia et al., _Tetrahedron_
_letters_ 1969, 1569; V.W. Armstrong et al., ibid. 1976, 4311;
W. Oppolzer et al., _Helv._Chem._Acta_ 64, 478 (1981); R.
Ramage et al., _Tetrahedron_ 37, Suppl. 9, 157 (1981); J.
Rebek, D.F. Tai, _Tetrahedron_Letters_ 24, 859 (1983). Ste-
reochemistry: Stoll et al., _Helv._Chem._Acta 37, 2039 (1954);
Stenlake, _J._Chem._Soc._ 1955, 1626; Leeman, Fabbri, _Helv._
_Chim._Acta_ 42, 2696 (1959). Absolute configuration: Stad-
ler, Hoffman, ibid. 45, 2005 (1962).
H. COOH
'. /
/ \
/ \
|| |
|| N
/\\ /\ / \
/ \\ / \ / CH3
|| | | \
|| | | H
\ // \ /
\// \/
| ||
| ||
HN-------
Haxagonal scales, plates with one or two moles H20 from
water, mp 240deg (dec). [alpha](D)(20) + 40deg (c = 0.5 in pyridine).
Behaves as an acid and base, pKa 3.44, pKb 7.68. Moder-
ately sol in pyridine. Sparingly sol in water and in neutral
organic solvents; sol in NaOH, NH4OH, Na2CO3, and HCL
solns. Slighly sol in dil H2SO4.
Methyl ester, thin leaflets from benzene, mp 168deg.
Note: This is a controlled substance (depressant) listed in
the U.S. code of Federal Regulations, title 21 Part 1308.13
(1987).
5507. Lysergide. 9,10-Didehydro-N,N-diethyl-6-meth-
ylergoline-8beta-carboxamide; N,N-diethyl-D-lysergamide; D-
lysergic acid diethylamide; LSD; LSD-25; Lysergsaure Di-
ethylamid. C20H25N3O; mol wt 323.42. C 74.27%, H 7.79%,
N 12.99%, O 4.95%. Microbal formation by _Claviceps_pas-
pali_ over the hydroxyethylamide; Arcamone et al., _Proc._
Roy._Soc._(London) 155B, 26 (1961). Partial synthesis: Stoll,
Hofmann, _Helv._Chim._Acta_ 26, 944 (1943); 38, 421 (1955).
Industrial prepn: Pioch; Garbrecht, U.S. pats. 2,736,728;
2,774,763 (both 1956 to Lilly); Patelli, Bernardi, U.S. pat.
3,141,887 (1964 to Farmitalia). Isotope-labeled LSD: Stoll
et al., _Helv._Chim._Acta_ 37, 820 (1954). Toxicity data: E.
Rothlin, _Ann._N.Y._Acad._Sci._ 66, 668 (1957). Review: Hof-
fer, _Clin._Pharmacol._Ther._ 6, 183 (1965). Book: _The_Use_of_
LSD_in_Psychotherapy_and_Alcoholism_, H.A. Abramson, Ed.
(Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis, 1967) 697 pp.
/ C2H5
H. CON
'. / \ C2H5
/ \
/ \
|| |
|| N
/\\ /\ / \
/ \\ / \ / CH3
|| | | \
|| | | H
\ // \ /
\// \/
| ||
| ||
HN-------
Pointed prisms from benzene, mp 80-85 degs. [alpha](D)(20) + 17deg (c =
0.5 in pyridine). uv max (ethanol): 311 nm (E(1 cm)(1%) 257).
LD50 in mice, rats, rabbits (mg/kg): 46, 16.5, 0.3 i.v.
(Rothlin).
D-Tartrate, C46H64N6O10, solvated, elongated prisoms from
methanol, mp 198-200deg. [alpha](D)(20) + 30 deg. Soluble in water.
Caution: This is a controlled substance (hallucinogen)
listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part
1308.11 (1987).
USE: In biochemical research as an antagonist to serotonin.
Has been used experimentally as adjunct in study and treat-
ment of mental disorders.
NOTES: Not guaranteed to be free from typos.
Underlines are supposed to be italic (ie book/journal titles, etc)
Alpha, beta, and deg are the greek letters and the degree symbol
[alpha](D)(20) means a greek letter in [] followed by a subscript
and then a superscript (I don't know *WHAT* this actually is)
The chemical structures are almost exactly what the Merck manual has
drawn. Almost nothing was lost in the conversion to ASCII.
[if you wanted to get really technical, the lower hydrogen atom in
all of the structures should be coming out, and have a thick line]
=============================================================================
In article <1992Dec8.093008.25698@gdunix.gd.chalmers.se> guccw@gdunix.gd.chalmers.se (Christian Wernstedt) writes:
>
> Has anyone any comments on this? Is it common that people experiencing
>a bad trip resort to violence against him/herselves or people around? Any
>anecdotes, statistical info or just scientific references would be of
>benefit to get a clearer picture.
>
A followup to my earlier reply. Two refrences from the bibliograpy
of Intoxication, Ronald SIEGEL
BARTER, J. T and REITE, M. 1969.
"Crime and LSD: The Insanity Plea."
American Journal of Psychiatry 126:113-19.
REICH, R and HEPPS, R. B. 1972.
"Homicide During a Psychosis Induced by LSD."
Journal of American Medical Association 219:869-71
From Siegel's Intoxication (p 240):
The cases of Jeffery and Harold, who killed people after
having taken LSD, are presented.
"Cases like Harold's tend to confuse the issue of intoxication
and violence. Violent people are often intoxicated but the
violence is usually rooted in the personality, not the drug."
mark