💾 Archived View for blitter.com › apl-books › apl.maxhost.org › apl-tops-20.txt captured on 2023-01-29 at 06:58:33.
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Panda Distribution, PANDA TOPS-20 Monitor 7.1
APL-SF, Version 2.0
first run the klt20 script:
./klt20
GO
BOOT>/e
dbugsw/ 2 start system in normal mode
dbugsw/ 1 start system in stand-alone mode
147$g ($ will appear when user hits ESC)
why reload? halt
CTRL C
@login operator
password: DEC-20
@enable
terminal vt100
INFORMATION LOGICAL-NAMES EDITOR:
edit
ctrl-f, ctrl-h, ctrl-n, ctrl-p
cd system:
APLSF
terminal...tty
escape mode
-----------
@I10 displays numbers 1 to 10
@R rho
@L quad
@G del
@H ???
@E epsilon
@D floor
@J jot
tty mode
--------
"THIS IS A COMMENT"
comments are surrounded with double quotes
# multiply
% divide
.CE ceiling
.CR circle
.CS back scan
.DA drop
.DE decode
.DM diamond
.DQ matrix divide
.EN encode
.EP epsilon
.FM format
.GD grade down
.GO goto
.GU grade up
.FL floor
.FM format
.IB i-beam
.IO index generator
.IQ file input
.LE less than or equal to
.LG logarithm
.OQ file output
.NE not equal
.NG negation (e.g. .NG1 means -1)
.NT not
.OM omega
.OR or
.OU out (escape from input mode)
.RO rho
.RV rotate
.SO jot
.TR transposition
.XQ execute
, concatenate
!4 factorial of 4
A _ .IO 4 assign numbers 1 to 4 to A
A _ 'WELCOME TO APL'
A _ 3 3 .RO .IO 9
set A to 1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
A _ .IO 10 A is set to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A[6] returns 6
+/A returns 55
-/A returns -5
3^ A 3 take A returns gives the first 3 elements of A, i.e. 1 2 3
A @J.# A returns the ten times table
(.IO 10) .SO.# (.IO 10)
returns the ten times table
A _ 2 2 .RO .IO 4
.DQ A gives matrix inverse
A _ .BX evaluate input for A
note the character input must be enclosed in single quotes
A _ .QQ character input for A
note that single quotes are not necessary here
A _ 'CAT'
'A' .EP A is 'A' a member of A, returns 1
.RV A reverse A
A _ .TR 2 3 .RO .IO 6
A is assigned 1 4
2 5
3 6
.IB17 i-beam 17 reports information about the symbol table
.IB28 i-beam 28 returns 0 if APL char set or 1 if TTY char set
@LCHS 8 returns the file organization and open status of files
.BXCHS 8 same
.BXIO displays origin
.BXAV displays all characters (atomic vector)
.BXALPHA displays all alphabetic characters
.BXALPHAU displays underlined alphabetic characters
.BXASCII display all ascii characters
.BXASCII[59]
outputs : (colon)
.BXTS display date and time
.BXTT display terminal type
.BXCR 'PRIMEN'
display canonical representation of function PRIMEN, line numbers are not listed
@LCR 'PRIMEN'
same
.BXASS 'TEST/AS'
.FM .BXTS [1 2 3]
display date
NLIST _ 'B' .BXNL 2
store list of variables starting with B
.BXEX NLIST
delete all variables starting with B
)WSID
)OFF log off
)OFF HOLD log off aplsf only
)CHARGE displays a record of activity
)ERASE FILE
erases workspace file
)SAVE FILE save workspace to file (system automatically suffixes file with .apl)
)WIDTH displays current width, default is 132
)ORIGIN displays origin
)ORIGIN 0 sets origin to 0, also )OR 0
)CLEAR clear workspace
)VARS list all variables
)VERSION displays version of APLSF
)MON exit to monitor
)LIB list all workspace names
)LIB /B show blocks
)SIZE displays size of the currently active workspace
)MAXCORE
)MINCORE
)OWNER
)SIZE return size of active workspace
)OUTPUT PRIME1
divert output to file prime1.aas
CTRL E CEASE NOW
[Confirm] hit return
CTRL \ SHUT
CTRL \ QUIT
control codes
-------------
ctrl-h deletes a character
ctrl-u blanks out entire line
tops-20 commands
----------------
note that tops-20 commands are not case sensitive
teco text editor
edit text editor
emacs text editor
cat file display file
pwd
help * gives complete list of topics
find exit quits program
ctrl-f command completion
ls sys: list files in system directory
ls -l list files in long form
cd changes to HOME directory
cd C: changes to the include directory
cd FUN: changes to the games directory
cd DOC: changes to the documentation directory
cd TOPS20:<UNSUPPORTED>
changes to the unsupported directory
cd TOPS20:<GIGI>
changes to gigi directory
env display environment
i term display terminal parameters
terminal vt100
set terminal to vt100
terminal width 132
set terminal width to 132
systat system status
information logical-names system (info log sys)
display info on logical-names (similar to env on unix)
clisp runs Uppsala Common Lisp
date display date and time
delete file
erase file
define WORK: /tops20/operator
dir <*>*.c
locate all *.c files
dir TOPS20:<BLISS-SOURCES>
list the bliss sources
submit test.ctl
libary editor for creating, maintaining, and listing COBOL library files
logout log off system
od -x file hexdump file
scribe a document-formatting program
languages
---------
basic, bliss, C, fortran, cobol, aplsf
observations
------------
unprintable characters are displayed as .SQ or squish quad
missing
-------
.SS and .UU don't work
function examples
-----------------
note that clipboarding only seems to work with pristine workspaces
@G TEST
'THIS IS A TEST'
@G
@G M _ MULTI R
A _ .IO R
M _ A @J.# A
@G
@G P _ IDENTITY R
"GENERATE THE IDENTITY MATRIX"
P _ (.IOR) .SO.= .IOR
@G
@G RISING[@L]@G list function rising
@G TEST
[@H2]@G delete line 2 within function test
@G TEST
[0.BX]
TESTING
@G change function header of test to testing
example of labels and goto:
.DL TEST
[1] "THIS IS A TEST"
[2] .GO L1
[3] "TEST"
[4] "TEST"
[5] L1:'BONK!'
.DL F_X RISING Y
"compute the rising factorial"
F_#/((.IO Y)+(X-1))
.DL
function that returns an explicit result:
@G A _ TEST X
[1] A _ 2 # X
[2] @G
.DL R_PRIMEI X
[1] P_ 2 3
[2] L1:.GO (X.LE .RO P)/L3
[3] R_.NG1^P
[4] L2:.GO (0=P.AB R_R+2)/L2
[5] P_P,R
[6] .GO L1
[7] L3:R_X.RO P
.DL
.RO PRIME 100 returns 100 (the shape of vector returned by primei)
function with local variables:
.DL T_PRIMEN N;W;B;K
[1] "DISPLAY PRIME NUMBERS UP TO N"
[2] K_.FL N*0.5
[3] V_1+2#.IO .FL (N-1)%2
[4] T_2
[5] LP:B_V[1]
[6] T_T,B
[7] V_(.NT 0=B.AB V)/V
[8] .GO (B<K)/LP
[9] T_T,V
.DL
create a function to list function primei
@G LIST
[1] .XQ '@G PRIMEN[.BX]@G'
[2] @G
[5.BX] list line 5
[.BX5] list from line 5 to end
[5.BX0] extend line 5