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Miscellaneous utilities.
Map character sets to their email properties.
This class provides information about the requirements imposed on email
for a specific character set. It also provides convenience routines for
converting between character sets, given the availability of the
applicable codecs. Given a character set, it will do its best to provide
information on how to use that character set in an email in an
RFC-compliant way.
Certain character sets must be encoded with quoted-printable or base64
when used in email headers or bodies. Certain character sets must be
converted outright, and are not allowed in email. Instances of this
module expose the following information about a character set:
input_charset: The initial character set specified. Common aliases
are converted to their `official' email names (e.g. latin_1
is converted to iso-8859-1). Defaults to 7-bit us-ascii.
header_encoding: If the character set must be encoded before it can be
used in an email header, this attribute will be set to
charset.QP (for quoted-printable), charset.BASE64 (for
base64 encoding), or charset.SHORTEST for the shortest of
QP or BASE64 encoding. Otherwise, it will be None.
body_encoding: Same as header_encoding, but describes the encoding for the
mail message's body, which indeed may be different than the
header encoding. charset.SHORTEST is not allowed for
body_encoding.
output_charset: Some character sets must be converted before they can be
used in email headers or bodies. If the input_charset is
one of them, this attribute will contain the name of the
charset output will be converted to. Otherwise, it will
be None.
input_codec: The name of the Python codec used to convert the
input_charset to Unicode. If no conversion codec is
necessary, this attribute will be None.
output_codec: The name of the Python codec used to convert Unicode
to the output_charset. If no conversion codec is necessary,
this attribute will have the same value as the input_codec.
body_encode(self, string)
Body-encode a string by converting it first to bytes.
The type of encoding (base64 or quoted-printable) will be based on
self.body_encoding. If body_encoding is None, we assume the
output charset is a 7bit encoding, so re-encoding the decoded
string using the ascii codec produces the correct string version
of the content.
get_body_encoding(self)
Return the content-transfer-encoding used for body encoding.
This is either the string `quoted-printable' or `base64' depending on
the encoding used, or it is a function in which case you should call
the function with a single argument, the Message object being
encoded. The function should then set the Content-Transfer-Encoding
header itself to whatever is appropriate.
Returns "quoted-printable" if self.body_encoding is QP.
Returns "base64" if self.body_encoding is BASE64.
Returns conversion function otherwise.
get_output_charset(self)
Return the output character set.
This is self.output_charset if that is not None, otherwise it is
self.input_charset.
header_encode(self, string)
Header-encode a string by converting it first to bytes.
The type of encoding (base64 or quoted-printable) will be based on
this charset's `header_encoding`.
:param string: A unicode string for the header. It must be possible
to encode this string to bytes using the character set's
output codec.
:return: The encoded string, with RFC 2047 chrome.
header_encode_lines(self, string, maxlengths)
Header-encode a string by converting it first to bytes.
This is similar to `header_encode()` except that the string is fit
into maximum line lengths as given by the argument.
:param string: A unicode string for the header. It must be possible
to encode this string to bytes using the character set's
output codec.
:param maxlengths: Maximum line length iterator. Each element
returned from this iterator will provide the next maximum line
length. This parameter is used as an argument to built-in next()
and should never be exhausted. The maximum line lengths should
not count the RFC 2047 chrome. These line lengths are only a
hint; the splitter does the best it can.
:return: Lines of encoded strings, each with RFC 2047 chrome.
collapse_rfc2231_value(value, errors='replace', fallback_charset='us-ascii')
decode_params(params)
Decode parameters list according to RFC 2231.
params is a sequence of 2-tuples containing (param name, string value).
decode_rfc2231(s) Decode string according to RFC 2231
encode_rfc2231(s, charset=None, language=None)
Encode string according to RFC 2231.
If neither charset nor language is given, then s is returned as-is. If
charset is given but not language, the string is encoded using the empty
string for language.
format_datetime(dt, usegmt=False)
Turn a datetime into a date string as specified in RFC 2822.
If usegmt is True, dt must be an aware datetime with an offset of zero. In
this case 'GMT' will be rendered instead of the normal +0000 required by
RFC2822. This is to support HTTP headers involving date stamps.
formataddr(pair, charset='utf-8')
The inverse of parseaddr(), this takes a 2-tuple of the form
(realname, email_address) and returns the string value suitable
for an RFC 2822 From, To or Cc header.
If the first element of pair is false, then the second element is
returned unmodified.
The optional charset is the character set that is used to encode
realname in case realname is not ASCII safe. Can be an instance of str or
a Charset-like object which has a header_encode method. Default is
'utf-8'.
formatdate(timeval=None, localtime=False, usegmt=False)
Returns a date string as specified by RFC 2822, e.g.:
Fri, 09 Nov 2001 01:08:47 -0000
Optional timeval if given is a floating point time value as accepted by
gmtime() and localtime(), otherwise the current time is used.
Optional localtime is a flag that when True, interprets timeval, and
returns a date relative to the local timezone instead of UTC, properly
taking daylight savings time into account.
Optional argument usegmt means that the timezone is written out as
an ascii string, not numeric one (so "GMT" instead of "+0000"). This
is needed for HTTP, and is only used when localtime==False.
getaddresses(fieldvalues) Return a list of (REALNAME, EMAIL) for each fieldvalue.
localtime(dt=None, isdst=-1)
Return local time as an aware datetime object.
If called without arguments, return current time. Otherwise *dt*
argument should be a datetime instance, and it is converted to the
local time zone according to the system time zone database. If *dt* is
naive (that is, dt.tzinfo is None), it is assumed to be in local time.
In this case, a positive or zero value for *isdst* causes localtime to
presume initially that summer time (for example, Daylight Saving Time)
is or is not (respectively) in effect for the specified time. A
negative value for *isdst* causes the localtime() function to attempt
to divine whether summer time is in effect for the specified time.
make_msgid(idstring=None, domain=None)
Returns a string suitable for RFC 2822 compliant Message-ID, e.g:
<142480216486.20800.16526388040877946887@nightshade.la.mastaler.com>
Optional idstring if given is a string used to strengthen the
uniqueness of the message id. Optional domain if given provides the
portion of the message id after the '@'. It defaults to the locally
defined hostname.
mktime_tz(data) Turn a 10-tuple as returned by parsedate_tz() into a POSIX timestamp.
parseaddr(addr)
Parse addr into its constituent realname and email address parts.
Return a tuple of realname and email address, unless the parse fails, in
which case return a 2-tuple of ('', '').
parsedate(data) Convert a time string to a time tuple.
parsedate_to_datetime(data)
parsedate_tz(data)
Convert a date string to a time tuple.
Accounts for military timezones.
quote(str)
Prepare string to be used in a quoted string.
Turns backslash and double quote characters into quoted pairs. These
are the only characters that need to be quoted inside a quoted string.
Does not add the surrounding double quotes.
unquote(str) Remove quotes from a string.
COMMASPACE = ', '
CRLF = '\r\n'
EMPTYSTRING = ''
TICK = "'"
UEMPTYSTRING = ''
escapesre = re.compile('[\\\\"]')
rfc2231_continuation = re.compile('^(?P<name>\\w+)\\*((?P<num>[0-9]+)\\*?)?