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A vitamin found in meat, fish and potatoes may help protect the brain from
Alzheimer's disease - and even boost memory in healthy people.
US researchers found vitamin B3 lowered levels of a protein linked to
Alzheimer's damage in mice.
The Journal of Neuroscience study also showed the animals performed better at
memory tests.
UK Alzheimer's charities said people should not start taking the vitamin before
results from human studies.
This suggests that not only is it good for Alzheimer's disease, but if normal
people take it, some aspects of their memory might improve
Professor Frank LaFerla
University of California, Irvine
The vitamin, also called nicotinamide by scientists, is sold in UK pharmacies
and health food shops.
It has already been shown to help people suffering from diabetes complications
and has some anti-inflammatory qualities.
The researchers, from the University of California at Irvine, added the vitamin
to drinking water given to mice bred to develop a version of Alzheimer's
disease, then tested the levels of certain chemicals associated with the
condition.
They found that levels of one, called phosphorylated tau, were significantly
lower in the animals.
This protein is involved in abnormal 'deposits' in brain cells, called
'tangles', which contribute to the brain damage which progressively affects
people with Alzheimer's.
Using 'water mazes', the team also found some evidence that memory was enhanced
in both 'Alzheimer's' mice and unaffected mice.
Normal memory
Dr Kim Green, who led the study, said that human tests were progressing:
"Nicotinamide has a very robust effect on neurons. It prevents loss of
cognition in mice with Alzheimer's disease, and the beauty of it is we already
are moving forward with a clinical trial."
His colleague Professor Frank LaFerla, said: "This suggests that not only is it
good for Alzheimer's disease, but if normal people take it, some aspects of
their memory might improve."
Susanne Sorensen, the head of research at the Alzheimer's Society, said the
research was "interesting" and pointed to new ways to treat the condition.
"From the research, it appears that Nicotinamide has more than one beneficial
effect on nerve cells including the facilitation of the recycling of the 'bad'
phosphorylated tau.
"Nicotinamide occurs naturally in meat, fish, beans, cereals and potatoes and
is cheap and easy to take.
"However, more research is now needed to explore the possible mechanisms
involved so we can better understand if Nicotinamide could have the same effect
in people and, if it does, what level of vitamin intake would be required."
Rebecca Wood, Chief Executive of the Alzheimer's Research Trust, said until the
human research was completed, people should not start taking the supplement.
"These are exciting findings, but until the results from the human clinical
trial are announced, people should be wary about changing their diet or taking
supplements. In high doses vitamin B3 can be toxic."