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Christopher Wanjek
LiveScience's Bad Medicine Columnist
LiveScience.com christopher Wanjek
livescience's Bad Medicine Columnist
livescience.com Mon May 31, 8:12 am ET
Some manufacturers of sunglasses are as shady as the products they offer.
Labeling can be ambiguous concerning the level of UV protection, and even
seemingly straightforward proclamations, such as "100 percent protection," can
be outright false, according a new study.
No trivial concern, the sun's invisible ultraviolet radiation can sunburn your
eyes just as it burns your skin, causing immediate damage and long-term vision
problems, such as cataracts and retinal and macular degeneration.
Yet the sunglass industry is loosely regulated. Should manufacturers get caught
lying about their labeling, their punishment if any would be a tersely worded
letter from the FDA warning them to change their ways.
Consumers have little guarantee that what the protection they think they are
buying is real. The best you can do is to stick to brands from trustworthy
manufacturers, such as those specializing in outdoor gear, and take the
sunglasses to an eye doctor for real testing.
Blinded by the falsehood
Australia is the only country with a law defining suitable sunglass standards.
Sun protection is a serious issue on this island continent, where UV intensity
is at least 15-percent greater than at similar latitudes in the Northern
Hemisphere. That's due to clearer skies and the Earth's closer proximity to the
sun during the summer season from December to March. Skin cancer rates are
among the highest in the world for this largely white population plopped into
these sunny climes as recent as a few hundred years ago.
As relayed in the May 2010 issue of the journal Ophthalmic and Physiological
Optics, researchers from the University of New South Wales in Sydney found that
over 20 percent of the sunglasses made in Europe were falsely labeled, not
meeting stated levels of protection for UV, polarization or other requirements
for the Australian market.
Unfortunately, similar studies testing sunglasses made or sold in the United
States have tended to be small or non-scientific, such as those conducted by
intrepid television news reporters. Yet most of these studies have shown that
labeling is often false and that mislabeling occurs regardless of the price of
the sunglasses, from cheap $15 shades to $400 designer sunglasses.
What to look (out) for
Setting aside the mislabeling issue for the moment, for complete protection,
look for sunglasses offering 99- to 100-percent UV protection. This level
implies 99-percent and 95-percent protection from two types of UV, respectively
- the shorter-wavelength and more damaging UVB and longer-wavelength yet still
menacing UVA - as determined by the American National Standards Institute, a
nongovernmental body.
Terms such as "UV absorbing" or "blocks most UV light" mean nothing; these are
just wiggle words to get around the loose FDA regulations. The term "UV 400"
implies protection against UVB and UVA, filtering light up to the UVA threshold
wavelength of 400 nanometers. But you still need something stating 99- to
100-percent protection in this full range. So-called 100-percent protection
might only apply to a narrow slice of the UV spectrum.
For full protection, wrap-around shades are best. Your 100-percent protection
must be averaged with zero-percent protection if unfiltered light enters in
from the sides.
Polarized lenses reduce glare but offer no additional UV protection. Similarly,
lens darkness means little; darkness is related only to the extent you want to
look like a blind blues musician. You can buy eyeglasses with but a slight tint
offering 100-percent UV protection.
"Blue-blockers" are glasses that go a step further to filter blue-wavelength
visible light, just below ultraviolet radiation on the electromagnetic
spectrum. This might be overkill, but the protection isn't utterly unwarranted.
Scientists remain uncertain whether this near-ultraviolet light is harmful.
Those of us with the greatest sun exposure - skiers and boaters (exposed to
glare bouncing off of snow and water) and pilots - might want this extra level
of protection.
Home testing
Should you be geeky enough to possess a UV laser, you can shine it through your
sunglasses to estimate the level of protection. An eye doctor should have the
equipment to test precisely how much of what wavelength is getting through.
I myself was surprised to find my $15 sunglasses, a big buy for me, offered
less than 50-percent protection. Half protection is worse than no protection,
however. The darkness of my lenses was causing my eyes to dilate and allow even
more UV light to penetrate to the back of my eyeballs. Now I've seen the light.