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Network Working Group S. Casner
Request for Comments: 3556 Packet Design
Category: Standards Track July 2003
Session Description Protocol (SDP) Bandwidth Modifiers
for RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Bandwidth
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This document defines an extension to the Session Description
Protocol (SDP) to specify two additional modifiers for the bandwidth
attribute. These modifiers may be used to specify the bandwidth
allowed for RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) packets in a Real-time
Transport Protocol (RTP) session.
1. Introduction
The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), RFC 3550 [1], includes a
control protocol RTCP which provides synchronization information from
data senders and feedback information from data receivers.
Normally, the amount of bandwidth allocated to RTCP in an RTP session
is 5% of the session bandwidth. For some applications, it may be
appropriate to specify the RTCP bandwidth independently of the
session bandwidth. Using a separate parameter allows rate-adaptive
applications to set an RTCP bandwidth consistent with a "typical"
data bandwidth that is lower than the maximum bandwidth specified by
the session bandwidth parameter. That allows the RTCP bandwidth to
be kept under 5% of the data bandwidth when the rate has been adapted
downward.
On the other hand, there may be applications that send data at very
low rates but need to communicate extra RTCP information, such as APP
packets. These applications may need to specify RTCP bandwidth that
is higher than 5% of the data bandwidth.
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RFC 3556 SDP Bandwidth Modifiers for RTCP Bandwidth July 2003
The RTP specification allows a profile to specify that the RTCP
bandwidth may be divided into two separate session parameters for
those participants which are active data senders and those which are
not. Using two parameters allows RTCP reception reports to be turned
off entirely for a particular session by setting the RTCP bandwidth
for non-data-senders to zero while keeping the RTCP bandwidth for
data senders non-zero so that sender reports can still be sent for
inter-media synchronization. Turning off RTCP reception reports is
not recommended because they are needed for the functions listed in
the RTP specification, particularly reception quality feedback and
congestion control. However, doing so may be appropriate for systems
operating on unidirectional links or for sessions that do not require
feedback on the quality of reception or liveness of receivers and
that have other means to avoid congestion.
This memo defines an extension to the Session Description Protocol
(SDP) [3] to specify RTCP bandwidth for senders and non-senders
(receivers).
2. SDP Extensions
The Session Description Protocol includes an optional bandwidth
attribute with the following syntax:
b=<modifier>:<bandwidth-value>
where <modifier> is a single alphanumeric word giving the meaning of
the bandwidth figure, and where the default units for <bandwidth-
value> are kilobits per second. This attribute specifies the
proposed bandwidth to be used by the session or media.
A typical use is with the modifier "AS" (for Application Specific
Maximum) which may be used to specify the total bandwidth for a
single media stream from one site (source).
This memo defines two additional bandwidth modifiers:
b=RS:<bandwidth-value>
b=RR:<bandwidth-value>
where "RS" indicates the RTCP bandwidth allocated to active data
senders (as defined by the RTP spec) and "RR" indicates the RTCP
bandwidth allocated to other participants in the RTP session (i.e.,
receivers). The exact behavior induced by specifying these bandwidth
modifiers depends upon the algorithm used to calculate the RTCP
reporting interval. Different algorithms may be specified by
different RTP profiles.
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RFC 3556 SDP Bandwidth Modifiers for RTCP Bandwidth July 2003
For the RTP A/V Profile [2], which specifies that the default RTCP
interval algorithm defined in the RTP spec [1] is to be used, at
least RS/(RS+RR) of the RTCP bandwidth is dedicated to active data
senders. If the proportion of senders to total participants is less
than or equal to RS/(RS+RR), each sender gets RS divided by the
number of senders. When the proportion of senders is greater than
RS/(RS+RR), the senders get their proportion of the sum of these
parameters, which means that a sender and a non-sender each get the
same allocation. Therefore, it is not possible to constrain the data
senders to use less RTCP bandwidth than is allowed for non-senders.
A few special cases are worth noting:
o If RR is zero, then the proportion of participants that are
senders can never be greater than RS/(RS+RR), and therefore
non-senders never get any RTCP bandwidth independent of the
number of senders.
o Setting RS to zero does not mean that data senders are not
allowed to send RTCP packets, it only means that they are
treated the same as non-senders. The proportion of senders (if
there are any) would always be greater than RS/(RS+RR) if RR is
non-zero.
o If RS and RR are both zero, it would be unwise to attempt
calculation of the fraction RS/(RS+RR).
The bandwidth allocation specified by the RS and RR modifiers applies
to the total bandwidth consumed by all RTCP packet types, including
SR, RR, SDES, BYE, APP and any new types defined in the future. The
<bandwidth-value> for these modifiers is in units of bits per second
with an integer value.
NOTE: This specification was in conflict with the initial SDP
spec in RFC 2327 which prescribes that the <bandwidth-value> for
all bandwidth modifiers should be an integer number of kilobits
per second. This discrepancy was forced by the fact that the
desired RTCP bandwidth setting may be less than 1 kb/s.
At the 44th IETF meeting in Minneapolis, two solutions were
considered: allow fractional values, or specify that the units for
these particular modifiers would be in bits per second. The
second choice was preferred so that the syntax would not be
changed. The SDP spec is being modified [4] to advance to Draft
Standard, and will allow this change in semantics.
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RFC 3556 SDP Bandwidth Modifiers for RTCP Bandwidth July 2003
3. Default values
If either or both of the RS and RR bandwidth specifiers are omitted,
the default values for these parameters are as specified in the RTP
profile in use for the session in question. For the Audio/Video
Profile, RFC 3551 [2], the defaults follow the recommendations of the
RTP spec:
o The total RTCP bandwidth is 5% of the session bandwidth. If
one of these RTCP bandwidth specifiers is omitted, its value is
5% minus the value of the other one, but not less than zero.
If both are omitted, the sender and receiver RTCP bandwidths
are 1.25% and 3.75% of the session bandwidth, respectively.
o At least RS/(RS+RR) of of the RTCP bandwidth is dedicated to
active data senders. When the proportion of senders is greater
than RS/(RS+RR) of the participants, the senders get their
proportion of the sum of these parameters.
This memo does not impose limits on the values that may be specified
with the RR and RS modifiers, other than that they must be non-
negative. However, the RTP specification and the appropriate RTP
profile may specify limits.
4. Precedence
An SDP description consists of a session-level description (details
that apply to the whole session and all media streams) and zero or
more media-level descriptions (details that apply only to a single
media stream). Bandwidth specifiers may be present either at the
session level to specify the total bandwidth shared by all media, or
in the media sections to specify the bandwidth allocated to each
medium, or both. This is true for the two RTCP bandwidth modifiers
defined here as well.
Since the bandwidth allocated to RTCP is a fraction of the session
bandwidth when not specified explicitly using the modifiers defined
here, there is an interaction between the session bandwidth and RTCP
bandwidth specifiers at the session and media levels of the SDP
description. The precedence of these specifiers is as follows, with
(1) being the highest precedence:
1) Explicit RR or RS specifier at media level
2) Explicit RR or RS specifier at session level
3) Default based on session bandwidth specifier at media level
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RFC 3556 SDP Bandwidth Modifiers for RTCP Bandwidth July 2003
4) Default based on session bandwidth specifier at session level
In particular, the relationship of (2) and (3) means that if the RR
bandwidth is specified as zero at the session level, that turns off
RTCP transmission for non-data-senders in all media.
5. Example
An example SDP description is:
v=0
o=mhandley 2890844526 2890842807 IN IP4 126.16.64.4
s=SDP Seminar
i=A Seminar on the session description protocol
c=IN IP4 224.2.17.12/127
t=2873397496 2873404696
m=audio 49170 RTP/AVP 0
b=AS:64
b=RS:800
b=RR:2400
m=video 51372 RTP/AVP 31
b=AS:256
b=RS:800
b=RR:2400
In this example, the explicit RTCP bandwidths for the audio medium
are equal to the defaults and so could be omitted. However, for the
video medium, the RTCP bandwidths have been set according to a data
bandwidth of 64 kb/s even though the maximum data bandwidth is
specified as 256 kb/s. This is based on the assumption that the
video data bandwidth will automatically adapt to a lower value based
on network conditions.
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RFC 3556 SDP Bandwidth Modifiers for RTCP Bandwidth July 2003
6. IANA Considerations
RFC 2327 [3] requires that new bandwidth modifiers be registered with
IANA by reference to a standards-track RFC specifying the semantics
of the bandwidth modifier precisely, indicating when it should be
used, and why the existing registered bandwidth specifiers do not
suffice.
This document is intended to satisfy those requirements.
In the "bwtype" table of the Session Description Protocol (SDP)
Parameters registry, the following two new bandwidth modifier names
have been registered:
RS
RR
7. Security Considerations
This memo defines bandwidth modifier keywords as an extension to SDP,
so the security considerations listed in the SDP specification apply
to session descriptions containing these modifiers as with any other.
The bandwidth value supplied with one of these modifiers could be
unreasonably large and cause the application to send RTCP packets at
an excessive rate, resulting in a denial of service. This is similar
to the risk that an unreasonable bandwidth could be specified for the
media data, though encoders generally have a limited bandwidth range.
Applications should apply validity checks to all parameters received
in an SDP description, particularly one which is not authenticated.
This memo cannot specify limits because they are dependent on the RTP
profile and application.
8. References
8.1 Normative References
[1] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R. and V. Jacobson, "RTP:
A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications," RFC 3550, July
2003.
[2] Schulzrinne, H. and S. Casner, "RTP Profile for Audio and Video
Conferences with Minimal Control", RFC 3551, July 2003.
[3] Handley, M. and V. Jacobson, "SDP: Session Description Protocol",
RFC 2327, April 1998.
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RFC 3556 SDP Bandwidth Modifiers for RTCP Bandwidth July 2003
8.2 Informative References
[4] Handley, M., Jacobson, V. and C. Perkins, "SDP: Session
Description Protocol", Work in Progress.
9. Author's Address
Stephen L. Casner
Packet Design
3400 Hillview Avenue, Building 3
Palo Alto, CA 94304
United States
Phone: +1 650 739-1843
EMail: casner@acm.org
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RFC 3556 SDP Bandwidth Modifiers for RTCP Bandwidth July 2003
10. Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
English.
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Acknowledgement
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
Internet Society.
Casner Standards Track [Page 8]