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? ?
? FRANKE.387 ?
? ?
? Coprocessor Emulation for ?
? 387DX and 387SX ?
? ?
? Version 2.4 ?
? ?
? (c) Copyright 1989, 1990 by ?
? Ingenieurb?ro FRANKE, ?
? All rights reserved. ?
? ?
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Overview
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FRANKE.387 is a software emulation of the arithmetic coprocessors 387DX
and 387SX from Intel. FRANKE.387 was developed for ATs using a 386DX or
386SX processor. MS-DOS or any compatible operation system is required.
The hole instruction set of the 387 coprocessor is available with
FRANKE.387. All 16 or 32 bit addressing modes are supported. No
application program can make out any difference to the real coprocessor.
Of course, FRANKE.387 is not able to increase the physical power of your
computer. FRANKE.387 is slower than a 387 coprocessor, but you can run
every application having no expensive coprocessor. Many application
programs will run up to 2.25 times faster even with FRANKE.387 if they
support a coprocessor.
Shareware
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Starting with version 2.4, FRANKE.387 will also be distributed as
shareware. The shareware version does not have all features, the full
version has.
The not registered shareware version may freely be copied and distributed
for free. Everybody may test the not registered version free of charge
for up to 30 days.
All rights, not described above, like selling, changing, distribution of
a registered version or even the use of the not registered version
longer than 30 days are explicitly not permitted, if you do not have a
prior written permission from Ingenieurb?ro Franke.
Registration
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Only registered users may use FRANKE.387 longer than 30 days. The
registered versions do not need any interactions during boot.
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? Version ? Fee ?
? ? incl. costs ?
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? Shareware version, only one precision level ? DM 64.00 ?
? ? ?
? Full version, 3 precision levels, High Level Language ? ?
? Interface, 387 Instruction Trace Modus ? DM 99.00 ?
? ? ?
? Upgrade from shareware version to full version ? DM 44.00 ?
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We need the following data for your registration:
1. name
2. complete address
3. requested version (shareware/full/upgrade)
Send your registration including the fee to:
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? Letter/Fax/Check: Payment: ?
? ?
? Ingenieurb?ro FRANKE Ingenieurb?ro FRANKE ?
? Rennweg 61 Konto 10039999 ?
? D-8500 N?rnberg 20, Germany Schmidt Bank, N?rnberg ?
? Fax: 49 911 535421 BLZ 760 300 70 ?
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We will deliver your registered version after we received your payment.
Installation
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The installation of FRANKE.387 is very easy:
1. Copy the files FRANKE.387 and 387.EXE to your hard disk or boot
floppy.
2. Create the CONFIG.SYS file, if it does not exist.
3. Insert the following line in CONFIG.SYS file:
DEVICE = FRANKE.387
If needed you can include a path description before FRANKE.387,
e.g. DEVICE = c:\tools\FRANKE.387
After the name FRANKE.387 you can use the swiches ON or OFF.
E.g. DEVICE = FRANKE.387 ON.
This swiches specify whether FRANKE.387 will be enable or disabled
during boot. If swiches are missing, FRANKE.387 will be automatically
enabled, if no coprocessor was found, and disabled otherwise.
4. Re-boot the computer.
The entry in the CONFIG.SYS file loads FRANKE.387 every time you
boot. FRANKE.387 comes up with a copyright message and its current
status.
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? The not registered shareware version uses an extended copyright ?
? message and sounds two bell signals. To continue boot you must ?
? press the key specified in the last line of the screen. - Only ?
? uppercase letters are accepted! ?
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How to use FRANKE.387
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Normally FRANKE.387 needs no user interaction. All actions are started
from the application programs that utilize the coprocessor. So FRANKE.387
does its work automatically. The application programs cannot make out
any difference to the real coprocessor.
Of course, FRANKE.387 must be enabled to work. As described, FRANKE.387
can be enabled or disabled using the swiches ON or OFF at installation.
Normally FRANKE.387 is always enabled, if no coprocessor is installed.
To enable or disable FRANKE.387 after installation, you can use the program
387.EXE. This program may be copied to any directory of your hard disk
or to any floppy disk.
387.EXE allows the following calling options. Some of this options are
supported by the full version only.
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? Option ? Functions performed ?
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? 387 ? FRANKE.387 will be set to default status. ?
? ? I.e. FRANKE.387 will be enabled if no coprocessor is ?
? ? installed. It will be disabled if a coprocessor was ?
? ? found. ?
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? 387 ON ? FRANKE.387 is enabled with full precision. ?
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? 387 OFF ? FRANKE.387 is disabled. This may be necessary, if ?
? ? you want to re-boot your system with Ctrl+Alt+Del. ?
? ? The keyboard driver KEYBOARD.386 will do that auto- ?
? ? matically. ?
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? The following opitons are supported by the full version only. ?
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? 387 53 ? FRANKE.387 is enabled with 53 bit precision maximum. ?
? ? This corresponds to the data types 'double', 'long ?
? ? real' or 'double precision'. Most of the application ?
? ? programs do not need more precision. FRANKE.387 will ?
? ? run faster using this option. ?
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? 387 24 ? FRANKE.387 is enabled with 24 bit precision maximum. ?
? ? This corresponds to the data types 'float', 'real' or ?
? ? 'single precision'. In most cases, no higher pre- ?
? ? cision is needed. FRANKE.387 will run much faster ?
? ? using this option. ?
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? 387 ON I ? Same as 387 ON, the High Level Language Interface ?
? ? is enabled. (See also High Level Language Interface.) ?
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? 387 53 I ? Same as 387 53, the High Level Language Interface ?
? ? is enabled. This is the suggested standard option for ?
? ? the full version. (See also High Level Language ?
? ? Interface.) ?
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? 387 24 I ? Same as 387 24, the High Level Language Interface ?
? ? is enabled. FRANKE.387 run at maximum speed, if you ?
? ? use this option. (See also High Level Language ?
? ? Interface.) ?
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Speed
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Like any 387 coprocessor, FRANKE.387 supports the three precision levels
for 64, 53 and 24 bit precision. The full version allows the user to
specify the maximum precision to increase computing speed.
The following table shows the aprox. number of CPU cyles. The numbers
are for a 386DX processor and no wait states. In the case of a 386SX or
wait states all numbers should be increased a little bit.
The column EMUL87 shows the speed for the public domain 80287 emulation.
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? ? ? ? FRANKE.387 ? ?
? Instruct.? Description ? 387DX ? 64 Bit ? 53 Bit ? 24 Bit ? EMUL87 ?
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? FNOP ? no operation ? 25 ? 410 ? 410 ? 410 ? 1,075 ?
? FLD ? load TByte number? 38 ? 650 ? 650 ? 650 ? 1,470 ?
? FSTP ? store TByte num. ? 55 ? 745 ? 745 ? 745 ? 1,495 ?
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? FADD ? Addition ? 34 ? 700 ? 700 ? 680 ? 1,460 ?
? FSUB ? Subtraction ? 34 ? 770 ? 770 ? 750 ? 1,565 ?
? FMUL ? Multiplication ? 52 ? 830 ? 800 ? 700 ? 1,985 ?
? FDIV ? Division ? 96 ? 840 ? 840 ? 710 ? 2,340 ?
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? FSQRT ? Square Root ? 126 ? 1,295 ? 1,060 ? 805 ? 3,135 ?
? FSIN ? Sinus ? 490 ? 3,960 ? 3,770 ? 1,960 ? --- ?
? FCOS ? Cosinus ? 547 ? 4,100 ? 3,910 ? 2,070 ? --- ?
? FPTAN ? Tangens ? 342 ? 5,845 ? 5,400 ? 2,995 ? 13,530 ?
? FPATAN ? Arcustangens ? 448 ? 8,895 ? 7,965 ? 3,750 ? 13,875 ?
? FYL2X ? Logarithmus ? 492 ? 8,690 ? 7,610 ? 3,410 ? 12,885 ?
? F2XM1 ? Power Function ? 317 ? 4,385 ? 3,975 ? 2,140 ? 11,640 ?
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High Level Language Interface
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Only the full version contains the High Level Language Interface (HLLI).
The HLLI utilizes the special code for coprocessor instructions, that are
used by several compilers from Microsoft and Borland.
Using this HLLI, FRANKE.387 can execute every instruction much faster.
Normally no application is interfered by the HLLI. If there are any
problems you should disable the HLLI. We suggest that you enable
FRANKE.387 with HLLI and a maximum precision of 53 bits. Using this
option, you have high performance and nearly no risc.
The following tables shows the use of HLLI. The tested program executes
every instruction 100,000 times using random numbers. It was written in
C and compiled with Microsoft C (Microsoft) and Turbo C (Borland).
The CPU was a 386DX, 25MHz. The execution time is shown in seconds.
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? Test program comiled with Microsoft C: ?
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? C- ? ? Microsoft ? FRANKE.387 ? FRANKE.387+HLLI ?
? Function ? 387DX ? Emulation ? 64 Bit ? 53 Bit ? 64 Bit ? 53 Bit ?
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? x := y ? 0.27 ? 0.27 ? 0.27 ? 0.27 ? 0.27 ? 0.27 ?
? x < y ? 0.71 ? 8.63 ? 9.56 ? 9.51 ? 8.35 ? 8.35 ?
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? x + y ? 0.66 ? 8.63 ? 9.07 ? 9.07 ? 8.30 ? 8.24 ?
? x * y ? 0.71 ? 10.49 ? 9.67 ? 9.62 ? 8.85 ? 8.79 ?
? x / y ? 0.93 ? 12.47 ? 9.73 ? 9.73 ? 8.90 ? 8.90 ?
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? sqrt(x) ? 2.75 ? 27.58 ? 29.56 ? 28.74 ? 26.32 ? 25.44 ?
? sin(x) ? 7.14 ? 129.67 ? 92.86 ? 90.11 ? 84.62 ? 82.42 ?
? cos(x) ? 7.14 ? 131.32 ? 94.51 ? 91.21 ? 86.26 ? 82.97 ?
? tan(x) ? 6.04 ? 103.30 ? 76.92 ? 75.82 ? 70.88 ? 69.23 ?
? atan(x) ? 4.95 ? 107.69 ? 52.20 ? 52.20 ? 47.25 ? 46.70 ?
? exp(x) ? 7.14 ? 130.77 ? 94.00 ? 92.31 ? 83.52 ? 81.87 ?
? log(x) ? 4.95 ? 103.30 ? 70.33 ? 65.38 ? 65.38 ? 60.99 ?
? pow(x,y) ? 9.89 ? 217.58 ? 143.41 ? 137.36 ? 131.32 ? 125.27 ?
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? Test program compiled with Borland's Turbo C: ?
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? C- ? ? Borland ? FRANKE.387 ? FRANKE.387+HLLI ?
? Function ? 387DX ? Emulation ? 64 Bit ? 53 Bit ? 64 Bit ? 53 Bit ?
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? x := y ? 0.57 ? 4.47 ? 5.74 ? 5.74 ? 5.13 ? 5.13 ?
? x < y ? 0.68 ? 6.89 ? 8.21 ? 8.21 ? 7.32 ? 7.32 ?
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? x + y ? 0.79 ? 8.59 ? 9.31 ? 9.31 ? 8.48 ? 8.48 ?
? x * y ? 0.90 ? 10.74 ? 9.91 ? 9.80 ? 9.08 ? 8.98 ?
? x / y ? 1.01 ? 11.95 ? 9.91 ? 9.91 ? 9.14 ? 9.09 ?
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? sqrt(x) ? 1.67 ? 19.25 ? 17.05 ? 16.18 ? 15.62 ? 14.69 ?
? sin(x) ? 3.21 ? 38.92 ? 29.58 ? 28.48 ? 28.48 ? 27.93 ?
? cos(x) ? 3.76 ? 38.92 ? 30.64 ? 29.03 ? 29.03 ? 28.48 ?
? tan(x) ? 3.76 ? 68.04 ? 39.47 ? 37.82 ? 37.82 ? 35.63 ?
? atan(x) ? 4.86 ? 44.97 ? 47.16 ? 46.62 ? 26.83 ? 26.29 ?
? exp(x) ? 8.70 ? 68.64 ? 102.66 ? 101.56 ? 36.17 ? 34.53 ?
? log(x) ? 4.86 ? 60.90 ? 61.45 ? 57.05 ? 51.01 ? 46.62 ?
? pow(x,y) ? 15.05 ? 149.67 ? 190.88 ? 184.84 ? 107.31 ? 101.32 ?
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Benchmark Tests
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FRANKE.387 was tested with some popular benchmark programs. The table
shows the results that were reported using a 386DX with 25MHz:
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? ? ? ? no ? FRANKE.387 ? FRANKE.387 + HLLI ?
? Benchmark ? ? 387DX ? Copr.? 64 B.? 53 B.? 24 B.? 64 B.? 53 B.? 24 B.?
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? ATPERF ? MHz ? 52.5 ? ---- ? 6.8 ? 6.8 ? 7.5 ? 6.8 ? 6.8 ? 7.5 ?
? 87TEST ? MHz ? 26.91 ? ---- ? 1.881? 1.937? 2.8 ? 1.881? 1.937? 2.8 ?
? BENCH 5.0 ? s ? 0.33 ? ---- ? 3.66 ? 3.45 ? 2.94 ? 2.44 ? 2.30 ? 1.78 ?
? TEST41V ? s ? 0.50 ? 2.06 ? 1.55 ? 1.50 ? 1.22 ? 1.44 ? 1.39 ? 1.17 ?
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The benchmark programs used:
ATPERF: ATPERF -- PC Tech Journal AT Hardware Performance Test
Version 2.00, Copyright (c) 1986, 1987 Ziff Communications Co.
87TEST: 87TEST Version 2.01
Copyright (C) MicroWay, Inc. 1985-1989
BENCH 5.0: PC Magazine Labs Benchmark Series 5.0
TEST41V: SpeedTest Version 4.1, Copyright 1990 by Duane A. Allred
387 Instruction Trace Mode
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Der 387 Instruction Trace Mode is available in the full version only. It
allows completely new methods to debug. The 387 Instruction Trace Mode
shows every executed coprocessor instruction at the screen using the
image:
CS:IP Code Instruc. Operand Address Contents
e.g.:
2AE1:4FD3 D9EC LDLG2
2AE1:4FD6 DEC9 MULP ST(1),ST
2AE1:4FD9 DF5E ISTP Word 30ED:03C4 = 0000
2AE1:4FE6 DB6E LD TByte 30ED:03BA = 3FFF8000000000000000
Once 387 Instruction Trace Mode is enabled, instructions are only
displayed if scroll lock is on. You can toggle output on or off if
you toggle scroll lock on and off.
To single step through coprocessor instructions, hold down the left
shift key and step with the Ctrl key. If the left shift key is pressed,
the 387 Instruction Trace Mode waits for the Ctrl key pressed, before
it resumes the running program.
The 387 Instruction Trace Mode gives you additional features to debug
an application that uses a coprocessor. The 387 Instruction Trace Mode
is completely transparent to the application.
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? To use the 387 Instruction Trace Mode you need the program 387TRACE.EXE, ?
? that you will get together with the full version. This program becomes ?
? resident at the first call, using about 2800 bytes. 387TRACE toggles ?
? between 387 Instruction Trace Mode enabled and disabled at each call. ?
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Compatibiliy
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FRANKE.387 is a high quality software product. It has efficient
algorithms that uses the full 32 bit power of 386 processors.
FRANKE.387 does exactly the same as a 387 coprocessor. The few minor
differences to the 387 coprocessor are described here:
1. Precision
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The 387 coprocessor has always an internal precision of 67 bits. For
less precision only the results are rounded. Instead of that,
FRANKE.387 calculates with a maximum precision of 64 bits. At 64 bit
precision some rounding errors may occur. This rounding errors normally
have no effects. With the 24 and 53 bit precision FRANKE.387 gives always
better results.
2. Rounding
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The only rounding by FRANKE.387 is done with the instruction FRNDINT or
before storing a number from coprocessor stack. The 387 coprocessor
rounds after each calculation. This different rounding makes FRANKE.387
faster. No side effects by this rounding method were detected.
3. F2XM1, FYL2XP1
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The 387 coprocessor restricts the arguments for the F2XM1 and FYL2XP1
instruction only. FRANKE.387 does not have this restrictions. Every
instruction may be called with any mathematically allowed argument.
4. F2X
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FRANKE.387 has the additional instruction F2X (code D9 EF). This
instruction does the same as F2XM1, FLD1, FADDP but without any loss of
precision.
5. FPTAN
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FRANKE.387 calculates for tan(?/2) the result "infinity", which is the
precise result.
6. Exceptions
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FRANKE.387 is a software emulation. It cannot cause any hardware
interrupt. If any exception occurs, FRANKE.387 will directly execute an
INT 2 instruction. This Interrupt cannot be masked. This is exactly like
the specification of the 387 coprozessor. INT 2 is called for compati-
bility.