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Interpreting For Park Visitors by William J. Lewis

LOC SB482.A4L48

1980

Chapter 9

Recommended Resources

COMMUNICATION THEORY

Fabun, Don. Communications: The transfer of Meaning. Beverly Hills: Glencoe Press, 1968. A concise, stimulating view of communication, written in a lively style and well illustrated.
Haney, William V. Communication and Organizational Behavior, 3d. ed. Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1973 Clearly explains some of the major reasons for breakdowns in human communication. Gives specific suggestions for avoiding these breakdowns.
Johnson, Kenneth G., Mark C. Liebig, Gene Minor, and John J. Senatore, Nothing Never Happens, teacher's ed. Beverly Hills: Glencoe Press, 1974. A collection of exercises which promotes self-discovery. Includes thought-provoking articles. Excellent for group training.
Johnson, Wendell. People in Quandries. N.Y.: Harper and Row, 1946. A classic. Although a few of the examples are out of date, this is the best treatment of the relationship between language and behavior I know of.
Lee, Irving J. Handling Barriers in Communication. San Francisco: International Society for General Semantics, 1968. A series of presentations used in training people to overcome communication barriers. Excellent for training purposes.
Postman, Neil and Charles Wingarter. Teaching as a Subversive Activity. N.Y. Publishing Co., 1969. Interpretation can be thought of as a specialized form of teaching. This is my favorite book on teaching.
Rogers, Carl R. On Begoming a Person. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1961. Developing one's self is essential to good interpretation. This book, more than any other I know, can be helpful with this.
Verdeber, Rudolph F. The Challenge of Effective Speaking. 3d ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co., Inc., 1976 An outstanding overview of the speaking process.

RESOURCES PREPARED FOR INTERPRETERS

Alderson, William T. and Shirley Payne Low. Interpretation of Historic Sites. Nashville: American Assoc. for State and Local History, 1976. The best book I know of on the subject. A must for all interpreters of historic sites.
Beechel, Jacque. Interpretation for Handicapped Persons: A Handbook for Outdoor Recreational Personel. Seattle: National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Cooperative Park Studies Unit, College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, 1975. Many helpful suggestions on an important subject.
Bernard, Nelson T., Jr. (compiler). One Step Beyond. Southwestern Region, U.S. Forest Service, n. d. A good, brief discussion of the interpretive walk. Contains some excellent suggestions on involving children that would work just as well for adults.
Harrison, Anne. Interpreting the River Resource. Wahsington D.C.: U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977.
Knudsen, George J. Nature Hike Themes. Madison: Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, 1976. If you need help thinking of possible themes for your nature walk, this booklet is a goldmine of ideas.
Lewis, William J. the Fine Art of Interpretive Critiquing. Washington D.C.: National Park Service, Division of Interpretation, 1975. A series of four videotapes showing excerpts from actual interpretive activities at Independence National Park and Yellowstone National Park together with critiques of the excerpts.
National Park Service, Division of Interpretation. A Personal Training Program for Interpreters. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976. Designed for use with or without an accompanying set of videotapes, this manual is especially helpful in the development of skills which lead to /involvement/ in interpretation.
National Park Service. Training Methods Manual: A Training Guide for Supervisors and other Instructors to Enable Them to Increase the Effectiveness of all National Park Service Training Activities, rev. ed. Washington D.C.: National Park Service, 1967. Designed for supervisors and instructors, this manual can be just as helpful to the trainee.
Sharpe, Grant. Interpreting the Environment. N.Y.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1976. An excellent overview of the field of interpretation. Highly recommended.
Stephenson, Lee and Nancy Strader. Energy Workbook for Parks. Arlington, Va.: Park Project on Energy Interpretation, National Recreation and Park Assoc., 1977. Develops six energy themes and gives many exercises interpreters can use when interpreting energy.
Tilden, Freeman. Interpreting Our Heritage, 3d. ed. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1977. A classic! This book has influenced interpretation more during the last two decades than any other single source.
Van Matre, Steve. Acclimatization: A Sensory and Conceptual Approach to Ecological Involvement. Martinsville, Ind.: American Camping Assoc., 1972.
Van Matre, Steve. Acclimatizing: A Personal and Reflective Approach to A Natural Relationship. Martinsville, Ind.: American Camping Assoc., 1974 Van Matre shows more clearly than any other person I know how to develop concepts, ideas, and philosophy from one's experiences. His inductive, experiential approach is outstanding. Especially helpful are the many suggested activities.

Resources which combine the philosophy of interpretation, the art of interpretation, excellent communicative style, and thought-stirring points of view:

Brown, Dee A. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West. N.Y.: Holt Rinehart & Winston, 1970.
Brown, William E. Islands of Hope. Parks and Recreation in Environmental Crisis. Washington, D.C.: National Recreation and Park Assoc., 1971.
Carrighar, Sally. One Day at Teton Marsh. N.Y.: Ballantine Books, 1947.
Clark, Kenneth. Civilization: A Personal View. N.Y.: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1969.
Dillard, Annie. Pilgrim at Tinker Creek. N.Y.: Harper's Magazine Press, 1974.
Dubos, Rene. So Human an Animal. N.Y.: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1968.
Eiseley, Loren. The Immense Journey. N.Y.: Vintage Books, 1957.
Everhart, William C. The National Park Service. N.Y.: Praeger Publishers, 1972.
Fabun, Don. The Dynamics of Change. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967.
Frings, Hubert and Mable. Animal Communication. Waltham, Mass.: Blaisdell Publishing Co., 1964.
Leopold, Aldo. A Sand County Almnanac. N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press, 1949.
Lewis, Meriwether. The Lewis and Clark Expedition. The 1814 edition, unabridged, 3 vols. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1961.
Lindbergh, A. M. Gift from the Sea. N.Y.: Vintage, 1965.
Sarett, Lew. Covenant with Earth: A Selection from the Poetry of Lew Sarett. Gainesville, Fla.: Univ. of Fla. Press, 1956.
Thomas, Lewis. The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher. N.Y.: Bantam Books, Inc., 1971.
Toffler, Alvin. Future Shock. N.Y.: Random House, 1970.

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