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New global rules forcing companies to report taxable activities
country-by-country publicly have been called for by a group of 300 prominent
economists.
In a letter to world leaders, the group urges the UK to "take a lead" in the
push for more tax transparency.
Poor countries are the biggest losers from tax havens, they claim.
The letter's signatories, co-ordinated by charity Oxfam, include best-selling
author Thomas Piketty and 2015 Nobel Prize economics winner Angus Deaton.
The letter comes ahead of the UK government's anti-corruption summit on
Thursday, which politicians from 40 countries as well as World Bank and IMF
representatives are expected to attend.
The economists - who include almost 50 professors from British universities -
argue the UK's position as summit host as well as its sovereignty over what it
says is a third of the world's tax havens makes it "uniquely placed" to take
the lead.
'No useful purpose'
"We need new global agreements on issues such as public country-by-country
reporting, including for tax havens," the economists write in the letter.
"Governments must also put their own houses in order by ensuring that all the
territories for which they are responsible make publicly available information
about the real 'beneficial' owners of company and trusts," they add.
The letter comes in the aftermath of the Panama Papers leak, which revealed how
some rich people hide assets, sparking widespread condemnation that the
authorities had failed to act.
One of the signatories, the economist Dr Ha-Joon Chang of the University of
Cambridge, told the BBC that he signed the letter because he shared "the view
that tax havens serve no useful purpose".
Dr Chang said: "These tax havens basically allow companies and certain
individuals to free-ride on the rest of humanity.
"These companies and people make money in one country by using workers educated
with public money, using roads, ports and other infrastructure paid for by the
taxpayers of that country and moving the money to another country in a shell
company which doesn't really do any business there."
Loopholes
Another high-profile signatory, Professor Jeffrey Sachs of Colombia University,
also told the BBC that tax havens showed "how the rich and the powerful really
control the levers of finance".
He said: "Even with the secrecy, we're in a more transparent world so I think
our governments are being pushed harder and harder to crack down on these
abuses."
However, James Quarmby, a tax lawyer at the international law firm Stephenson
Harwood, argued that offshore financial centres play an important role in
international finance and trade.
"The Panama papers had a number of people who used that jurisdiction for
criminal purposes," he said. "But you can't just argue for shutting down of
finance centres because some criminals use them."
Mr Quarmby added: "There's more money laundering going on in New York,
Frankfurt and London than any of the finance centres and I don't hear Mr Sachs
arguing for those jurisdictions to be shut down."
'Deeply damaging'
Oxfam said that more than half of the companies set up by Mossack Fonseca, the
law firm in the Panama Papers leak, were incorporated in British Overseas
Territories such as the British Virgin Islands.
"As long as British-linked tax havens continue to help the rich and powerful
get away with dodging tax it will remain deeply damaging to the UK's
credibility as a leader in the fight against corruption and global poverty,"
said Oxfam chief executive Mark Goldring.
Last month, tax and law enforcement agencies in the UK, Germany, France, Italy
and Spain agreed to share data in a new crackdown on international tax dodging.
Under the deal, the five nations will exchange information regarding beneficial
ownership registers, which show who really owns assets.
However, only the UK has so far committed to making this information public.
Offshore funds
Registers or "similarly effective systems" will be introduced in UK overseas
territories, but are expected to be open to enforcement agencies, not to the
public.
Separately, it has emerged that there has been an increase in the amount of
money flowing offshore from developing countries, in particular Russia and
China.
Research carried out by Columbia University professor James S Henry for the Tax
Justice Network found $12.1tn ( 8tn) had been shifted out of emerging
economies.
Offshore accounts belonging to Russian citizens totalled $1.3tn, while Chinese
citizens, including those in Hong Kong and Macau, had $1.2tn sitting offshore.