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May 1991 POLICE PRACTICES: BAITED VEHICLE DETAIL Property crimes present a challenge to law enforcement simply because they are difficult to investigate. According to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting publication, "Crime in the United States, 1989," they have a high incidence/low clearance rate. Released in August 1990, the 1989 larceny-theft total, estimated at 7.9 million offenses, accounted for 55 percent of the Crime Index total and 62 percent of the property crimes. Thefts of motor vehicle parts, accessories, and contents made up the largest portion of reported larcenies--38 percent. Law enforcement has had little success in curbing the rate of growth of this crime--only 18 percent of the property crimes were cleared. However, a technique currently being used by the Waycross, Georgia, Police Department may assist officers in curtailing this particular crime. This technique involves "baiting" a vehicle. Objects of value are placed in a vehicle that is left unattended. The objects placed inside of the car, such as weapons, are the actual targets of theft, not the vehicle itself. After baiting the vehicle, officers maintain a constant visual surveillance of the vehicle until a thief takes the "bait." PLANNING THE OPERATION Planning the operation was the first consideration. To begin, department officials identified a high-crime area within their jurisdiction, where there had been an established pattern of thefts with a specific modus operandi. Then, using data gathered by the Crime Analysis Unit, they determined what area should be targeted, whether to run the operation at night or during the day, the most likely hours of intrusion, and what objects were taken during the breaking and enterings. PERSONNEL The baited vehicle detail consists of no fewer than five officers. Three officers, wearing camouflage uniforms, are positioned on the ground within close proximity of the "baited" vehicle. One of the officers videotapes the incident, while the others remain ready to make the arrest. Two additional officers position themselves in vehicles located close to the target, in the event the suspect attempts to flee. Officers assigned to this detail should understand their individual and collective responsibilities, since there exists a strong possibility that the members of the team may have to justify their actions during legal proceedings. CHOOSING A SITE While the department considered several potential target areas, the detail concentrates on commercial areas, which seem to produce the best results. The sites chosen are conducive to surveillance and to making apprehensions and vehicle stops. However, when selecting a site, special emphasis is also placed on the safety of both the officers and the public. The other target areas considered for baited vehicles included shopping centers, interstate highways and major thoroughfares, and certain residential areas. However, experience revealed inherent problems in these areas. First, because shopping centers have people coming and going at all times, the perpetrators task is made more difficult. Second, interstate highways and busy thoroughfares may produce some arrests, but baited vehicles placed here are not the answer to the areas theft problem. Most people arrested under these circumstances are persons traveling from area to area, not those who contribute to the local theft problem. Third, the department chose not to target residential areas because they are usually high-density areas where there is a good chance that the thief will be discovered by neighbors, who may alert the police. THE OPERATION Prior to the start of each operation, a briefing is held for all members of the detail to ensure that there are no questions or problems to address. Watch commanders of target areas are notified that an operation will be in progress and are told how long the operation will last. For the most part, these details begin at 9:00 p.m. and end at 1:00 a.m. When the briefing ends, members of the detail drive a truck, which is borrowed from a local car dealership, onto the site and disable the truck, usually by removing a wheel and placing the truck on a block. Guns are placed in plain view in the truck, with the windows and doors secured. Then, the officers take their assigned positions. When a perpetrator takes the "bait," the officers on the ground move in to make the arrest. CONCLUSION Although the baited vehicle technique is not a panacea to the problem of property crime, it is useful in combating thefts. In 1989, 62.5 percent of the baited vehicle details resulted in arrests, 100 percent of those arrested were adult offenders, and all of the cases have been successfully prosecuted. Considering the amount of time and manpower expended by most departments on the problem of property theft, the baited vehicle technique is, perhaps, worth trying. If conducted properly, it may render remarkable results. _______________ Information for this column was submitted by Capt. Jimmy W. Mercer, Commander of the Criminal Investigations Section, Waycross, Georgia, Police Department.