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Arizona Identification
Council Newsletter
President: Dwane Hilderbrand
Editor: Mitchell Small
July, 1990
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Latent Shoeprint Analysis
Submitted by Dwane S Hilderbrand, CLPE
Criminalist III
Scottsdale Police Department
Scottsdale, Arizona
For decades, latent impressions have provided investigators,
identification technicians and criminalists invaluable clues to
establish the identity of individuals. Yet, another type of print
impressions that could be just as valuable has been overlooked.
Latent shoe impressions exist in almost all interior crime scenes
but they are often ignored by investigators or destroyed by initial
responders before these impressions may be processed.
Latent shoe impressions are the reproduction of the shoe sole
or tread through grease, oil or other foreign substance transferred
to an object it has touched or come into contact with. While these
prints can not be seen by the naked eye, they may be revealed by
using standard fingerprint powders. Most casual shoes have rubber
soles which are a petroleum product that secretes an oil base and
impressions may revealed using an iodine fuming gun. Although crime
scene investigators routinely search for visible shoe impressions
in exterior crime scenes, they often overlook the existence of
latent shoe impressions.
Like fingerprints, latent shoe impressions can be used to
place an individual at a crime scene. Although each shoe
manufacturer produces hundreds of various styles of footwear with
the same tread design, these identical prints quickly become unique
through the owner's use. Wear will vary depending on individual
walking styles and contact with different surfaces. Any scratch,
nick, or cut will result in points of comparison, making the shoe
"one of a kind".
As previously mentioned, most casual shoes have rubberized
soles, when exposed to light amounts of moisture, react in a way
similar to a finger leaving its impression on a surface. Vinyl,
linoleum, glass, smooth tile and doors, and painted floors provide
the best surfaces for recovery of latent shoe impressions.
Many of the same factors that are involved in lifting latent
finger and palm impressions made by friction skin are to be
considered in recovering latent shoe impressions i.e, the surface
must be smooth enough to reveal the characteristics of the soles
and temperature and weather conditions must be conducive to the
preservation of the impression. Like latent impressions, latent
shoe impressions are fragile and can be damaged if further contact
is made after the print is placed. They can be easily altered or
destroyed by the first responders and curious bystanders so it is
very important to carefully secure the crime scene if recovery of
the impression is to be successful. Latent shoe impressions have not been widely used on crime
scene investigations. Although recovery of the impressions depends
on several unpredictable variables, they may yield valuable
information and, therefore, should be considered a viable option
for investigators.
Information for this column was found in the FBI Law
Enforcement
Bulletin and provided by Dwain A Pierce, Criminalist Specialist,
Knoxville Police Department, Knoxville, Tennessee.
This author (Mr. Hilderbrand) has verified the finding of Mr.
Pierce through tests and experiments using various powders,
chemical enhancement and other techniques including lasers. Using
these techniques, he has developed and recovered many latent shoe
sole impressions.
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An Alternative Method Of Fixing
Iodine Developed Latent Prints
Submitted by Mark Hatcher
Latent Print Examiner II
Crime Laboratory Bureau
Phoenix Police Department
Iodine fuming is a great tool in the development of latent
prints on porous surfaces. One of its biggest drawbacks, however,
is that the developed print will fade. There are several
commercially available products that will allow fixing the
developed print. An alternate method can be accomplished by using
a steam iron to fix iodine prints without any of the drawbacks of
commercial processes.
After completing the Iodine fuming process, apply a steam iron
to the fumed print. The print will now be fixed and the color will
have changed from a yellowish-brown to a bluish-purple. When a
steam iron, and or, electricity is not available at a crime scene,
the print can be fixed by immersing the article in water. Steam is
the preferred method because dipping the article in the water may
be destructive to ridge detail or other trace evidence.
There are many advantages in favor of using water (steam) for
a fixing agent of Iodine fumed prints. These include cost, safety,
and practicality. Water is inexpensive, readily available and
posses no threat if inhaled or touched. In addition, fixing an
iodine print with water limits an item to as few chemicals as
possible. This will reduce the chances of destroying other types of
forensic evidence, and fixing the iodine print using a steam iron
does not preclude the use of ninhydrin or silver nitrate.
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Do you have an unknown deceased individual in your files? The AIC
may be able help you identify the individual. We can print the
fingerprints of an unknown deceased along with a physical
description of the individual in the Newsletter. Send your
information to the editor.
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THE SOAP BOX
The Arizona Identification Newsletter is under new management!
After his long term as Editor, Mr. John Jolly has stepped down as
editor and I have been appointed the editor until the AIC holds
elections. This newsletter also begins one of the new features of
the new Newsletter, the Soapbox. As is traditional, everyone is
invited to get up on the Soapbox and speak their minds. If you have
an evidence processing problem, an unusual case, someone who needs
a public pat on the back or any other reason to sound off, this is
the place. As Editor, I have the honor of inaugurating the column
with an explanation of proposed editorial policies and submission
procedures. I hope this will be the last column I need to write:
the newsletter should be the product of the members and we need
your contributions to make it work.
To make submission as painless as possible, your articles may
find their way into the newsletter in a variety of ways:
?ASCII file on a 5?" MS-DOS compatible diskette. Preformatted
diskettes will be supplied, on request, for the transfer. If
your word processor does not save in this format, or you are
not sure what an ASCII file is, send a copy of the file
anyway! Don't worry about "special effects" like underlining
and such; if submitted early enough, you will receive a copy
of the edited version for approval.
?If you have access to a computer with a modem, I will be
maintaining a part time Electronic Bulletin Board System (BBS)
for information transfer. Between 2pm and midnight, Tuesday
through Friday, the BBS may be reached through 971-4677; baud
rates up to 2400 bps are supported and the standard 8 data
bits, No Parity and 1 stop bit is used. Through the modem, I
can accept any ASCII document for inclusion into the
newsletter. The BBS will also provide E-mail between members
and other information will be on file for downloading.
?Scottsdale PD will accept FAX transmissions of your articles
if your agency has FAX capabilities. Send your articles
addressed to Dwane Hilderbrand, Technical Investigations, at
391-5097.
?Typed submissions will always be welcome. Don't be concerned
with line spacing or margins, but please be sure all technical
terms are spelled properly.
?Hand written articles are acceptable, but please take time to
make them legible!
?As a rule, photographs do not reproduce well, but line
drawings, diagrams and original artwork is welcome.
Fingerprint patterns should be enlarged 2-3 times normal size
and Polaroid copies are adequate. If a presentation chart is
required, submit one Polaroid of the known and a second of the
unknown; tray to fill the frame as much as possible. If your
photographs show adequate detail, the reproduction should also
be adequate. Black and white photographs are preferred in all
cases.
All of us have a knack for doing something better than anyone
else. Here's your chance to pass that talent along and tell
everyone what you do best and how well you do it. We all know
someone who deserves recognition for doing a terrific job behind
the scenes, but who somehow never gets recognized; here's a
platform to recognize them.
When submitting anything for publication, bear in mind that
your article needs to be received by the first of the month that
the newsletter will be published. As editor, I don't like to do too
much editing: your article may be arranged to fit the space
provided, but I will try not to change the words you submit.
Provided you submit your article early enough, I will even send you
a copy of how the article will appear, prior to publication. We are
targeting newsletter to be published two weeks after the quarterly
AIC meetings to try and keep the members as up to date as possible.
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Minutes of Previous Meetings
April 21, 1990
Submitted by Rudy Zamora
Members Attending
1) Mr. Barry Jones Mesa PD
2) Mr. Clyde Tess MCSO
3) Mr. Rodolfo Zamora Mesa PD
4) Mr. James Wallace Tucson PD
5) Mr. Tim O' Sullivan Tucson PD
6) Mr. Brian Rohrman Peoria PD
7) Mr. Leonard Cummings DPS
8) Ms. Glenda Hardy DPS
9) Mrs. Annabell Alvarado-Smith MCSO
10) Mr. Robert Miller MCSO
11) Mr. Fred Carmack DPS
12) Mr. Pat Wertheim DPS
The meeting was called to order by Mr. Zamora Sec-Treas at
1:00pm and introduced Mr. Wertheim from Tucson DPS who gave an
excellent presentation on Cult Crimes. For copies of hand-out
materials, contact Mr. Wertheim at 746-4570. The minutes from the
previous meeting held on March 23, 1990 were covered.
Agenda
1) A.I.C Conference
2) I.A.I Conference
3) Recognizing individuals in our field
4) Mr. Ed Wollert benefit
5) Northland Pioneer College
1) Effective March 26, 1990, Mr. Wertheim resigned as chairman of
the AIC Conference. Mr. Mitch Small volunteered as chairman. Mrs.
Ann Quigley and Mr. Zamora will assist to coordinate the conference
in October. They will get back to the membership as soon as
possible.
2) The AIC is considering hosting the International Association
for Identification's Annual Conference. Mrs. Patty Burkeholter from
the Tucson Convention Bureau has given their full support to assist
us in making this convention a successful one. It was determined by
members present that we need to have commitments from not just a
few members, but from most members. Mr. Wallace will ask Patty to
give us a presentation on their services. He will try to arrange
this for our meeting in June. NOTE: as of this newsletter we have
received word from our members in Tucson and they are not able to
support this conference.
3) Recognizing individuals- When I was first trained in this
field I was told the job has no fame and glory. All we have is the
satisfaction that we did the very best we could at the crime scene
and when the comparisons are done. I feel that it is time to
recognize those in our field that go that extra yard. I propose
that we develop and form a committee to recognize those
individuals. I'm open for suggestions in this matter and welcome
all comments. I will try an put together some type of standards to
fit our needs and bring these to the membership for approval.
4) Ed Wollert Benefit- Mr. Zamora is trying to put together a
carport sale to benefit the Wollert family. This carport sale was
held at Glenda Hardy's home and was supported primarily by Mesa PD
members. Mrs. Wollert has sent the AIC a Thank You note in
appreciation of our efforts.
5) Northland Pioneer College- Mr. Pat Wertheim has agreed to
coordinate, for the next four years, the "Crime Scene School" held
at Northland Pioneer College. Mr. Wertheim stated that Mr. Wilson
and students were very pleased of how this school was presented.
Our sincere thanks to Mr. Wertheim for a job well done and to all
those who assisted in this school. Mr. Wertheim is preparing for
this years school and we ask all departments to again support us
with this years program. Message: Mr. Clyde Tess would like you to
notify the nominating committee or Mr. Hilderbrand (391-5278) if
you are interested in becoming a board member or know of someone
who would like to.
We would like to invite all members to our next meeting in
June. We encourage anyone who has a topic they would like to
present to the members to please contact Mr. Hilderbrand at 391-
5278 Scottsdale Police Department.
With all business discussed, Mr. Jim Wallace made a motion to
close the meeting and seconded by Mr. Clyde Tess (4:20 pm)
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Minutes of meeting on 6/16/90; held at Glenda Hardy's home.
(Editor's note: in an effort to meet the publication deadline,
these minutes were telephoned to me and I transcribed them. I
apologize for any inaccuracies noted by members. Mitch)
Members in attendance:
1) Len Cummings DPS
2) Clyde Tess MCSO
3) Barry Jones Mesa PD
4) Dwane Hilderbrand Scottsdale PD
5) Glenda Hardy DPS
6) Carey Chapman DPS
7) Fred Carmack DPS
8) Robert Tavernaro DPS
9) Brian Rhorman Peoria PD
10) Rudy Zamora Mesa PD
The meeting was called to order at 1:00 pm.
Rudy Zamora gave a practical demonstration of Crime Scene
Processing with Red Wop in conjunction with the Luma Light. Len
Cummings offered a variation to using straight Red Wop powder: mix
about a tooth pick full of Red Wop with your standard container of
Magna Powder. Tests conducted using the metal blade of a garden
shovel showed sufficient fluorescence for detection of
fingerprints.
Mr. Zamora also reported that we have 40 paid members and an
approximate balance of $4525 in the treasury.
A point of order was raised concerning the need for Election
of Officers as provided by our Bylaws. A special meeting of the AIC
has been called for Saturday, July 21, at Mesa Police Department,
1:00 pm to 4:00 pm for the express purpose of electing new
officers. For directions and further information, contact Rudy
Zamora at 644-2341 (Mesa) or Dwane Hilderbrand at 391-5278
(Scottsdale).
It was reported that a Recognition Program is still in the
research stages and it was pointed out that California and Canada
have a program of recognizing members of their divisions
independent of the IAI's program. It was suggested that as part of
the Recognition Program the AIC could send the honoree to the IAI
Annual Convention.
There was a division of opinion between member on having non-
AIC members teaching at AIC sponsored schools.
New Business Raised
Glenda Hardy proposed publication of the AIC Newsletter every
other month to insure current topics are covered.
Anyone interested in running for office at the upcoming
elections should contact Dwane as soon as possible.
Robert Tavernaro suggested a letter to be sent to the heads of
Arizona law enforcement agencies thanking them for supporting the
AIC will be drafted. It is hoped that this will encourage more
agencies to allow their people to become involved with the AIC.
Clyde Tess suggested that instead of the usual weekend
conference, this years Annual Conference become a one day
symposium.
Dwane Hilderbrand asked for the members to put together a
questionnaire to determine what people expect from the AIC so the
AIC may better meet the needs of its members.
It was not recorded what time the meeting was adjourned.
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SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT
There will be a special meeting exclusively for electing new
officers to be held July 21, 1990 at Mesa PD, 1:00 pm to 4:30 pm BE
THERE TO CAST YOUR VOTE!
The next regular AIC Quarterly Meeting will be held in Flagstaff,
at the DPS Crime Lab, September 20, 1990, between 1:00 pm and 4:30
pm. Contact Len Cummings or Dick Erffert
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AIC MEMBERS
Dave Adkins Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Grand Junction Police Department
Grand Junction, Co 81501-7720
Christa Anderson Regular
Evidence Technician
Phoenix Police Department
Phoenix, Az 85003
Work Phone: 261-8102
Steven Anderson Regular
Latent Print Examiner
Scottsdale Police Dept
Scottsdale, Az 85258
Work Phone: 391-5278
Joanne E Archibald Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Tempe Police Department
Tempe, Az 85281
AIC MEMBERS
Ron Bend Regular
Identification Technician
Pima County Sheriff's Department
Tucson, Az 85702
Work Phone: (602) 740-2820
Dr. Walter Birkby Honorary
Forensic Pathologist
University of Arizona
Tucson, Az 85700
Jim Blount Regular
Fingerprint Technician
Pima County Sheriff's Department
Tucson, Az 85702
Work Phone: (602) 740-2820
Alan Bradley Retired
Dean Bradley Honorary
Mesa, Az 85207
Kathy Bright Honorary
Identification Technician
Pima County Sheriff's Department
Tucson, Az 85702
Work Phone: 740-2820
Herb Bruning Regular
Apache Junction Police Department
Apahche Juntion, Az 85210
Fred Carmack Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Arizona Department of Public Safety
Phoenix, Az 85004-6638
Carey Chapman Regular
Latent Print Unit Supervisor
Arizona Department of Public Safety
Phoenix, Az 85004-6638
Nancy Christ Regular
Latent Print Examiner I
Phoenix Police Department
Phoenix, Az 85003
Work Phone: (602) 261-8102
W. Joseph Collier Regular
Crime Laboratory Director
Phoenix Police Department
Phoenix, Az 85003
Work Phone: (602) 261-8102 AIC MEMBERS
Herb Collins Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Mesa Police Department
Mesa, Az 85201
Helen Jean Copeland Regular
Evidence Technician
Phoenix Police Department
Phoenix, Az 85003
Work Phone: (602) 261-8102
Mildred Copeland Regular
Evidence Technician
Phoenix Police Department
Phoenix, Az 85003
Work Phone: (602) 261-8102
Jim Cox Regular
Lieutenant
San Bernardino County Sheriff's Ofc
Redlands, Ca 92415
Leonard Cummings Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Arizona Department of Public Safety
Flagstaff, Az 86011
Ronald Davis Regular
Latent Print Examiner II
Phoenix Police Department
Phoenix, Az 85003
Work Phone: (602) 261-8102
Linda Doyle Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Mesa Police Department
Mesa, Az 85201
Greg Eilers Regular
Identification Technician
Tucson Police Department
Tucson, Az 85701
Richard Erfert Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Arizona Department of Public Safety
Flagstaff, Az 86011
Doug Ferguson Regular
Latent Print Examiner III
Phoenix Police Department
Phoenix, Az 85003
Work Phone: (602) 261-8102 AIC MEMBERS
Tom Fiorenza Regular
Officer
Short Hills Police Department
Short Hills, NJ 07078
Charles Ford Regular
Latent Print Examiner
Goodyear, Az 85338
Paul Freeman Regular
Identification Technician
Pima County Sheriff's Department
Tucson, Az 85702
Work Phone: (602) 740-2820
Joe Garcia Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Tempe Police Department
Tempe, Az 85281
Dr. Kevin Gilmartin Honorary
Psychiatrist
Pima County Sheriff's Department
Tucson, Az 85702
Glenda K Hardy Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Arizona Department of Public Safety
Phoenix, Az 85004-6638
Bob Harr Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Yuma Police Department
Yuma, Az 85364
Mark Hatcher Regular
Latent Print Examiner II
Phoenix Police Department
Phoenix, Az 85003
Work Phone: (602) 261-8102
Dwane Hilderbrand Regular
Latent Print Section Supervisor
Scottsdale Police Dept
Scottsdale, Az 85258
Work Phone: 391-5278
Wendy Hutchison Regular
Crime Scene Officer
Scottsdale Police Dept
Scottsdale, Az 85258
Work Phone: 391-5278 AIC MEMBERS
Wes Infiesto Regular
Crime Scene Officer
Scottsdale Police Dept
Scottsdale, Az 85258
Work Phone: 391-5278
John Jolly Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Arizona Department of Public Safety
Phoenix, Az 85004-6638
Barry Jones Regular
Identification Section Supervisor
Mesa Police Department
Mesa, Az 85201
Karen Jones Regular
Latent Print Examiner III
Phoenix Police Department
Phoenix, Az 85003
Work Phone: (602) 261-8102
Roy Keller Regular
Identification Section Supervisor
Pima County Sheriff's Department
Tucson, Az 85702
Work Phone: (602) 740-2820
Stan Kimball Regular
Retired
Phoenix, Az 85013
Julie Larson Regular
Identification Technician
Tucson Police Department
Tucson, Az 85701
Don Levy Regular
Identification Technician
Mesa Police Department
Mesa, Az 85201
Rudy Martinez Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Tempe Police Department
Tempe, Az 85281
Kim McCall Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Tucson Police Department
Tucson, Az 85701
Sherrill Meisner Regular
Identification Technician
Maricopa County Sheriff's Office
Phoenix, Az 85003 AIC MEMBERS
John Neely Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Tucson Police Department
Tucson, Az 85701
Glenn H Nichols Regular
Pinetop-Lakeside Police Department
Pinetop-Lakeside, Az 85929
Tim O'Sullivan Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Tucson Police Department
Tucson, Az 85701
Geraldine Ortiz Regular
Identification Technician
Tucson Police Department
Tucson, Az 85701
Liz Patze Regular
Property Technician
Pima County Sheriff's Department
Tucson, Az 85702
Work Phone: (602) 740-2822
Lou Ann Quigley Regular
Latent Print Examiner III
Phoenix Police Department
Phoenix, Az 85003
Work Phone: (602) 261-8102
LeRoy Rath Regular
Latent Print Examiner II
Phoenix Police Department
Phoenix, Az 85003
Work Phone: (602) 261-8102
Fritz Renter Regular
Arizona Department of Public Safety
Phoenix, Az 85004-6638
Frank Rodgers Regular
Latent Print Section Supervisor
Phoenix Police Department
Phoenix, Az 85003
Work Phone: (602) 261-8102
Art Rogers Regular
Latent Print Examiner
Phoenix, Az 85003
Brian Rohrman Regular
Peoria Police Department
Peoria, Az 85380 AIC MEMBERS
Rubie L Ross Regular
Latent Print Examiner
Plano Police Department
Plano, Tx
Chuck Roth Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Pima County Sheriff's Department
Tucson, Az 85702
Work Phone: (602) 740-2820
P. Glenn Rudd Regular
Intake Assistant
Yavapai County Sheriff's Office
Prescott, Az 86301
Ronald Rydman Associate
Western States Marketing
Prescott, Az 86301
Gene Scott Regular
Identification Technician
Tucson Police Department
Tucson, Az 85701
Eva Skelton Regular
Arizona Department of Public Safety
Phoenix, Az 85004-6638
Steve Skowron Regular
Identification Technician
Tucson Police Department
Tucson, Az 85701
Mitchell Small Regular
Latent Print Examiner II
Phoenix Police Department
Phoenix, Az 85003
Work Phone: 261-8102
Annabelle Alvarado - Smith Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Maricopa County Sheriff's Office
Phoenix, Az 85003
Michael Smith Regular
Police Officer
Phoenix Police Department
Phoenix, Az 85003
Cole Sorensen Regular
Crime Scene Officer
Scottsdale Police Dept
Scottsdale, Az 85258
Work Phone: 391-5278 AIC MEMBERS
Vicki Standley Regular
Latent Print Examiner
Garland Police Department
Garland, Tx 75040
Work Phone: (214) 205-2095
Roberta Stegen Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Maricopa County Sheriff's Office
Phoenix, Az 85003
Gary Stone Regular
Latent Print Examiner II
Phoenix Police Department
Phoenix, Az 85003
Work Phone: (602) 261-8102
Rick Sutton Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Mesa Police Department
Mesa, Az 85201
Mike Sweedo Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Tucson Police Department
Tucson, Az 85701
Robert Tavernaro Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Arizona Department of Public Safety
Phoenix, Az 85004-6638
Clyde Tess Regular
Identification Section Supervisor
Maricopa County Sheriff's Office
Phoenix, Az 85003
John Wagner Associate
Universal Procurement, Inc
Tempe, Az 85281
Jim Wallace Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Tucson Police Department
Tucson, Az 85701
Doyle Walters Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Bill Watling Regular
IRS/CID Forensic Lab
Chicago, Il 60606 AIC MEMBERS
Pat A Wertheim Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Arizona Department of Public Safety
Tucson, Az 85701
Kathy Wright Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Tempe Police Department
Tempe, Az 85281
Eloy Yassi Regular
Phoenix, Az 85040
Rudy Zamora Regular
Fingerprint Examiner
Mesa Police Department
Mesa, Az 85201
In response to many requests, we are printing an AIC
Membership Roster showing your fellow members and where they work.
Please contact either Rudy Zamora or Mitch Small with any
corrections to this list. We are also compiling a specialties list
for use in future teaching seminars, etc. If you would like to be
an instructor for an AIC sponsored seminar, let us know what you
are willing to teach.
In the next issue: AIC Officer Election Results; Poroscopy;
Shoe Impressions and the Electrostatic Dust Lifting Technique; AIC
Seminar Update and more!
Deadline for submissions to the next issue of the Newsletter
will be September 30. All articles and corrections must reach me
before then to be included; scheduled publication for the next
issue will be the first week of October.
Mitch Small