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Keywords: [--------], Usenet, NetNews, capabilities
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) J. Elie
Request for Comments: 6048 November 2010
Updates: 2980, 3977
Category: Standards Track
ISSN: 2070-1721
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) Additions to LIST Command
Abstract
This document defines a set of enhancements to the Network News
Transfer Protocol (NNTP) that allow a client to request extended
information from NNTP servers regarding server status, policy, and
other aspects of local configuration. These enhancements are made as
new keywords to the existing LIST capability described in RFC 3977.
This memo updates and formalizes the LIST DISTRIBUTIONS and LIST
SUBSCRIPTIONS commands defined in RFC 2980. It also adds the LIST
COUNTS, LIST MODERATORS, and LIST MOTD commands, and specifies
additional values returned by the existing LIST ACTIVE command for
the status of a newsgroup.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6048.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
Elie Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 6048 NNTP Additions to LIST Command November 2010
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Conventions Used in This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2. Author's Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. New LIST Variants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1. Advertising the New LIST Variants . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2. LIST COUNTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.1. Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.2. Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2.3. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3. LIST DISTRIBUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3.1. Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3.2. Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3.3. Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.4. LIST MODERATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.4.1. Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.4.2. Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.4.3. Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.5. LIST MOTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.5.1. Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.5.2. Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.5.3. Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.6. LIST SUBSCRIPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.6.1. Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.6.2. Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.6.3. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3. Additions to LIST ACTIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1. New Status Field Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4. Augmented BNF Syntax for These Additions to the LIST
Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.1. Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.2. Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5. Internationalization Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
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1. Introduction
The NNTP specification [RFC3977] defines the LIST capability and a
few keywords that can be used with that command: ACTIVE,
ACTIVE.TIMES, DISTRIB.PATS, HEADERS, NEWSGROUPS, and OVERVIEW.FMT.
Other variants of the LIST command are in use, but with limited or
absent documentation. These variants are formalized in this
document.
The DISTRIBUTIONS and SUBSCRIPTIONS variants were originally
documented in [RFC2980]. The LIST DISTRIBUTIONS command is sent by a
news client to obtain a list of relevant distributions known by a
news server along with their descriptions. The LIST SUBSCRIPTIONS
command is sent by a news client when first connecting to a news
server so as to obtain a list of recommended newsgroups available on
it. Both of these commands are intended to be used in place of hard-
coding news clients to use specific distributions or look for
specific default newsgroups.
The MOTD variant was originally documented in [NNTP_LIST] (which also
describes the SUBSCRIPTIONS variant). The LIST MOTD command is sent
by a news client to obtain a "message of the day" from the server
administrator regarding the current state of a news server.
The COUNTS and MODERATORS variants have not been documented before.
The LIST COUNTS command is similar to LIST ACTIVE, except that it
also returns an estimated number of articles in each newsgroup. The
LIST MODERATORS command is sent by a news client to obtain a list of
associations between a moderated newsgroup and its submission address
template.
The ACTIVE variant was formalized in [RFC3977], but the meanings of
only three status field values in LIST ACTIVE responses have been
specified: "y", "n", and "m". These statuses are particularly useful
for readers, since they describe local posting rights. However,
several other statuses are in use that are primarily useful for peers
as they mainly describe how remote articles coming from peers are
locally handled by a given news server. This memo defines three
other values for the status field in LIST ACTIVE responses: "x", "j",
and "=" followed by the name of a newsgroup.
This specification should be read in conjunction with the NNTP base
specification [RFC3977]. In the case of a conflict between these two
documents, [RFC3977] takes precedence.
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1.1. Conventions Used in This Document
The notational conventions used in this document are the same as
those in [RFC3977], and any term not defined in this document has the
same meaning as it does in that one.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
When a hexadecimal correspondence is given to an octet in this
document, the value is in US-ASCII [ASCII] (for instance, ".", noted
%x2E).
In the examples, commands from the client are indicated with [C], and
responses from the server are indicated with [S]. The client is the
initiator of the NNTP connection; the server is the other endpoint.
1.2. Author's Note
Please write the first letter of "Elie" with an acute accent wherever
possible -- it is U+00C9, that is to say "É" in XML.
2. New LIST Variants
The LIST capability is defined in Section 7.6 of [RFC3977]. It
allows the server to provide useful information to the client in
multi-line blocks.
This document provides five new keywords to the LIST capability:
COUNTS, DISTRIBUTIONS, MODERATORS, MOTD, and SUBSCRIPTIONS.
Each keyword is OPTIONAL and corresponds to the same-named variant of
the LIST command.
2.1. Advertising the New LIST Variants
When a news server implements a variant of the LIST command as
described in this specification, it advertises the corresponding
feature in the LIST capability. Where one of these new LIST keywords
is advertised, it MUST have the meaning given in this specification.
For instance, if a news server implements the SUBSCRIPTIONS variant,
it will add the SUBSCRIPTIONS keyword to the LIST capability in
response to the CAPABILITIES command (see Section 5.2 of [RFC3977]):
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[C] CAPABILITIES
[S] 101 Capability list:
[S] VERSION 2
[S] READER
[S] LIST ACTIVE NEWSGROUPS SUBSCRIPTIONS
[S] .
[C] LIST SUBSCRIPTIONS
[S] 215 List of recommended newsgroups follows
[S] local.welcome
[S] local.test
[S] news.newusers.questions
[S] news.announce.newusers
[S] .
For each of the new LIST variants described in this specification, an
empty response can be sent to the client:
[C] LIST SUBSCRIPTIONS
[S] 215 List of recommended newsgroups follows
[S] .
This means that the information is maintained by the news server but
that it is voluntarily empty. Frequently, the news server maintains
the information in a configuration file. This file can be empty or
contain only commented or blank lines, indicating a voluntary absence
of information.
When the news server software implements one of these LIST variants
but a particular server does not maintain the information (for
instance, when the configuration file does not exist), the 503
response code MUST be returned:
[C] LIST SUBSCRIPTIONS
[S] 503 No list of recommended newsgroups available
2.2. LIST COUNTS
2.2.1. Usage
Syntax
LIST COUNTS [wildmat]
Responses
215 List of newsgroups follows (multi-line)
Parameters
wildmat Groups of interest
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2.2.2. Description
See Section 7.6.1 of [RFC3977] for general requirements of the LIST
command.
The LIST COUNTS command returns a list of valid newsgroups carried by
the news server along with associated information, the "counts list",
and is similar to LIST ACTIVE.
The information is returned as a multi-line data block following the
215 response code and contains one line per newsgroup. Each line of
this list MUST consist of five fields separated from each other by
one or more spaces (the usual practice is a single space) in the
following order:
o The name of the newsgroup.
o The reported high water mark for the group.
o The reported low water mark for the group.
o The estimated number of articles in the group.
o The current status of the group on this server.
The reported high and low water marks, and the estimated number of
articles, are as described in the GROUP command (see Section 6.1.1 of
[RFC3977]), but note that they are in the opposite order to the 211
response (that is, number low high group) to the GROUP command. The
current status of the group is as described in the LIST ACTIVE
command (see Section 7.6.3 of [RFC3977], as well as Section 3 of this
document). Also note that, similarly to the LIST ACTIVE command, TAB
characters are not valid separators for the LIST COUNTS command.
The order of newsgroups in the counts list is not significant. The
server need not consistently return the same order or the same
results if this command is used more than once in a session.
The same newsgroup SHOULD NOT appear twice in the output of this
command.
The counts list is newsgroup-based, and a wildmat MAY be specified,
in which case the response is limited to only the groups, if any,
whose names match the wildmat. If no wildmat is specified, the
server MUST include every newsgroup that the client is permitted to
select with the GROUP command (see Section 6.1.1 of [RFC3977]).
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The counts list MAY be empty. If the server does not maintain the
information, a 503 response code MUST be returned. (However, note
that a news server that supports this command usually maintains the
information.)
The client MAY use LIST COUNTS in order to obtain an estimate of the
number of articles in every newsgroup the server carries, which
enables it to provide the end user with this information. This
provides a simpler mechanism for a client to obtain the estimated
number of articles in newsgroups, compared with a sequence of
individual GROUP commands.
2.2.3. Examples
Example of output with no argument:
[C] CAPABILITIES
[S] 101 Capability list:
[S] VERSION 2
[S] READER
[S] LIST ACTIVE COUNTS NEWSGROUPS
[S] .
[C] LIST COUNTS
[S] 215 List of newsgroups follows
[S] misc.test 3002322 3000234 1234 y
[S] comp.risks 442001 441099 742 m
[S] rec.food.drink.tea 100 51 3 y
[S] local.empty 7 8 0 y
[S] local.tea 2004 1504 301 y
[S] .
Example of output with a wildmat:
[C] LIST COUNTS *.tea,misc.*,!local.*
[S] 215 List of newsgroups follows
[S] misc.test 3002322 3000234 1234 y
[S] rec.food.drink.tea 100 51 3 y
[S] .
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Example of output on an implementation that includes leading zeroes:
[C] LIST COUNTS
[S] 215 List of newsgroups follows
[S] misc.test 0003002322 0003000234 1234 y
[S] comp.risks 0000442001 0000441099 742 m
[S] rec.food.drink.tea 0000000100 0000000051 3 y
[S] local.empty 0000000007 0000000008 0 y
[S] local.tea 0000002004 0000001504 301 y
[S] .
The estimated number of articles usually does not start with leading
zeroes, but MAY start with such zeroes.
2.3. LIST DISTRIBUTIONS
2.3.1. Usage
Syntax
LIST DISTRIBUTIONS
Responses
215 Distributions list follows (multi-line)
2.3.2. Description
See Section 7.6.1 of [RFC3977] for general requirements of the LIST
command.
A "distributions list" is maintained by some NNTP servers to contain
the name of each distribution that is known by the news server and a
short description about the meaning of the distribution.
Distributions are used by clients as potential values for the
Distribution header field body of a news article being posted (see
Section 3.2.4 of [RFC5536] for the definition of this header field).
The information is returned as a multi-line data block following the
215 response code and contains one line per distribution. Each line
of this list MUST consist of two fields separated from each other by
one or more space or TAB characters (the usual practice is a single
TAB). The first field is the name of the distribution, and the
second field is a short description of the distribution. There are
no leading or trailing whitespaces in a line. The description MAY
contain whitespaces.
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The order of distributions in the distributions list is not
significant; the server need not consistently return the same order
or the same results if this command is used more than once in a
session.
The same distribution SHOULD NOT appear twice in the output of this
command.
The description MUST be in UTF-8 [RFC3629].
The distributions list is not newsgroup-based, and an argument MUST
NOT be specified. Otherwise, a 501 response code MUST be returned.
The distributions list MAY be empty. If the server does not maintain
the information, a 503 response code MUST be returned.
The client MAY use this information to generate or supplement a list
of known distributions provided to the user. If the news server
implements the LIST DISTRIBUTIONS command, it SHOULD also implement
the LIST DISTRIB.PATS command (defined in Section 7.6.5 of [RFC3977])
and describe in the distributions list all the distributions present
in the distrib.pats list so that the client can use both of these
commands jointly (naturally, the distributions list can also describe
distributions that are not present in the distrib.pats list). Note
that the two commands need not return distributions in the same
order.
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2.3.3. Example
Example of a joint use of LIST DISTRIB.PATS and LIST DISTRIBUTIONS:
[C] CAPABILITIES
[S] 101 Capability list:
[S] VERSION 2
[S] READER
[S] LIST ACTIVE DISTRIB.PATS DISTRIBUTIONS NEWSGROUPS
[S] .
[C] LIST DISTRIB.PATS
[S] 215 Information follows
[S] 10:local.*:local
[S] 5:france.*:fr
[S] 20:local.here.*:thissite
[S] .
[C] LIST DISTRIBUTIONS
[S] 215 List of distributions follows
[S] fr Local to France.
[S] local Local to this news server.
[S] thissite Local to this site.
[S] usa Local to the United States of America.
[S] .
2.4. LIST MODERATORS
2.4.1. Usage
Syntax
LIST MODERATORS
Responses
215 Moderators list follows (multi-line)
2.4.2. Description
See Section 7.6.1 of [RFC3977] for general requirements of the LIST
command.
The "moderators list" is maintained by some NNTP servers to make
clients aware of how the news server will generate a submission
e-mail address when an article is locally posted to a moderated
newsgroup.
The information is returned as a multi-line data block following the
215 response code. Each line of this list MUST consist of two fields
separated from each other by a colon (":" or %x3A). The first field
is a wildmat (which may be a simple newsgroup name), and the second
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RFC 6048 NNTP Additions to LIST Command November 2010
field is the submission address template for newsgroups matching that
wildmat. There are no leading or trailing whitespaces in a line.
The submission template MAY contain colons (":").
The submission template is essentially an e-mail address (see the
definition of "addr-spec" in Section 3.4.1 of [RFC5322]), except with
certain modifications. The case-sensitive string "%s" (%x25.73) MUST
occur either zero or one time in the template. If there is to be a
literal "%" in the submission address, it MUST be written as "%%" in
the template, even if not followed by an "s". The character "%" MUST
NOT occur in the submission template, except as part of "%s" or "%%".
The order of lines in the moderators list is significant: the first
matching line is used. Consequently, specific patterns should be
listed before general patterns. Every moderated newsgroup name
SHOULD be matched by at least one line in the list; often this is
achieved by having a default pattern at the bottom, but other
approaches are acceptable, and news server software MAY leave this up
to the server administrator rather than enforcing it
programmatically.
When an article without an Approved header field is locally posted to
a moderated newsgroup, the server generates a submission address from
the corresponding submission template (that is, the second field of
the first matching line in the moderators list) by replacing the
"%s", if present, with the name of the matching newsgroup after each
period ("." or %x2E) in the name has been changed to a dash ("-" or
%x2D). In addition, any "%%" is changed back to "%". The server
then forwards the submitted article to the moderator at the resulting
submission address (see Section 3.5.1 of [RFC5537]).
NOTE: The creation and maintenance of submission addresses is
outside the scope of this specification.
The moderators list is not newsgroup-based, and an argument MUST NOT
be specified. Otherwise, a 501 response code MUST be returned.
The moderators list MAY be empty. If the server does not maintain
the information, a 503 response code MUST be returned, although these
situations should not occur if the news server is an injecting agent
that carries moderated newsgroups.
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2.4.3. Example
Example of output:
[C] CAPABILITIES
[S] 101 Capability list:
[S] VERSION 2
[S] READER
[S] POST
[S] LIST ACTIVE MODERATORS NEWSGROUPS
[S] .
[C] LIST MODERATORS
[S] 215 List of submission address templates follows
[S] foo.bar:announce@example.com
[S] local.*:%s@localhost
[S] *:%s@moderators.example.com
[S] .
The following table describes a few examples associating a moderated
newsgroup and its submission address on a news server whose
moderators list is the one in the previous example:
+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| Name of the moderated | Submission address |
| newsgroup | |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| foo.bar | announce@example.com |
| local.test | local-test@localhost |
| alt.dev.null | alt-dev-null@moderators.example.com |
| alt.test-me | alt-test-me@moderators.example.com |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------+
NOTE: When "%s" is used, periods are changed to dashes, and dashes
are left alone. This implies that two moderated newsgroups whose
names differ only by changing a period to a dash would have the
same submission address. Therefore, if a server carries such
moderated newsgroup pairs but posts should go to different
submission addresses, a "%s" pattern template cannot be used for
the moderation submission addresses for those groups, and explicit
entries without a pattern will be required.
Similarly, it is not recommended to use a "%s" pattern rule for
the moderation submission template for two moderated newsgroups
whose names differ only by the case of their characters, because
e-mail systems frequently treat the left-hand side of e-mail
addresses as case-sensitive. See also Section 3.1.4 of [RFC5536]
and Section 7.2 of [USEAGE] for the syntax of a newsgroup name.
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2.5. LIST MOTD
2.5.1. Usage
Syntax
LIST MOTD
Responses
215 Information follows (multi-line)
2.5.2. Description
See Section 7.6.1 of [RFC3977] for general requirements of the LIST
command.
The "motd" contains a "message of the day" relevant to the news
server. It is intended to provide notification and communication
between the news administrator and the news user. For instance,
notification of upcoming downtime or information about new facilities
available on the news server can be communicated via the LIST MOTD
command.
The information is returned as a multi-line data block following the
215 response code. This text is not guaranteed to be in any
particular format although, like all multi-line data blocks, it is
"dot-stuffed".
The server need not return the same information if this command is
used more than once in a session. It MAY indeed send a different
message of the day depending on the state of the session. For
instance, on a mode-switching news server, the information can be
different between its transit mode and its reader mode, or between an
authenticated session and an unauthenticated session.
The information MUST be in UTF-8 [RFC3629].
The motd is not newsgroup-based, and an argument MUST NOT be
specified. Otherwise, a 501 response code MUST be returned.
The motd MAY be empty. If the server does not maintain the
information, a 503 response code MUST be returned.
It is up to the client to decide when and how to display this message
to the user. No timestamp or date of last modification is provided
programmatically, although the news administrator may include one in
the text of the motd. The client MAY cache a local copy or
fingerprint of the motd so that it can display the message to the
user only upon modification. If the client caches the information,
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it MAY take into account only the motd obtained after reaching the
intended state of the session. Nonetheless, in case a privacy
extension is used, the client MUST NOT cache any motd obtained before
that extension took effect.
NOTE: Though the client MAY cache the results of this command, it
MUST NOT rely on the correctness of any cached results, whether
from earlier in the session or from a previous session. If the
motd is cached, the client SHOULD provide a way to force the
cached information to be refreshed.
2.5.3. Example
Example of output:
[C] CAPABILITIES
[S] 101 Capability list:
[S] VERSION 2
[S] READER
[S] LIST ACTIVE MOTD NEWSGROUPS
[S] .
[C] LIST MOTD
[S] 215 Message of the day follows
[S] Attention all users,
[S]
[S] This server will be down for scheduled upgrades on February 1st.
[S] It should be back up by 8:00 a.m. February 2nd.
[S] Any questions should be e-mailed to <newsmaster@example.com>.
[S]
[S] Apologies for the disturbance.
[S] .
2.6. LIST SUBSCRIPTIONS
2.6.1. Usage
Syntax
LIST SUBSCRIPTIONS [wildmat]
Responses
215 Subscriptions list follows (multi-line)
Parameters
wildmat Groups of interest
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2.6.2. Description
See Section 7.6.1 of [RFC3977] for general requirements of the LIST
command.
The "subscriptions list" is maintained by some NNTP servers to
provide the client with a list of recommended newsgroups.
The information is returned as a multi-line data block following the
215 response code. Each line of this list MUST consist of a
newsgroup name. There are no leading or trailing whitespaces in a
line.
The order of newsgroups in the subscriptions list is significant:
they are listed by order of importance, the first newsgroup being the
most important to subscribe to.
The same newsgroup name SHOULD NOT appear twice in the output of this
command. The subscriptions list SHOULD contain only newsgroups the
news server carries.
The subscriptions list is newsgroup-based, and a wildmat MAY be
specified, in which case the response is limited to only the groups,
if any, whose names match the wildmat. Note that the wildmat
argument is a new feature in this specification, and servers that do
not support CAPABILITIES or do not advertise the SUBSCRIPTIONS
keyword in the LIST capability (and therefore do not conform to this
specification) are unlikely to support it.
The subscriptions list MAY be empty. If the server does not maintain
the information, a 503 response code MUST be returned.
The client MAY use this information the first time it connects to the
news server so as to initialize the list of default subscribed
newsgroups. This list should therefore contain groups intended for
new users on the news server or Usenet in general (for instance,
newsgroups dedicated to testing, support, announcement, or FAQs).
The client MAY present the groups in the order of appearance in the
list to the user. When the subscriptions list is maintained and
non-empty, the news client SHOULD use it, instead of a hard-coded
default list, if any.
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2.6.3. Examples
Example of output with no argument:
[C] CAPABILITIES
[S] 101 Capability list:
[S] VERSION 2
[S] READER
[S] LIST ACTIVE NEWSGROUPS SUBSCRIPTIONS
[S] .
[C] LIST SUBSCRIPTIONS
[S] 215 List of recommended newsgroups follows
[S] local.welcome
[S] local.test
[S] news.newusers.questions
[S] news.announce.newusers
[S] .
Example of output with a wildmat:
[C] LIST SUBSCRIPTIONS local.*
[S] 215 List of recommended newsgroups follows
[S] local.welcome
[S] local.test
[S] .
3. Additions to LIST ACTIVE
This document specifies three new status field values that can be
used in the answers to LIST ACTIVE: "x", "j", and "=" followed by the
name of a newsgroup.
3.1. New Status Field Values
The LIST ACTIVE command is defined in Section 7.6.3 of [RFC3977].
The fourth field of each line of this list indicates the current
status of the newsgroup whose name is specified in the first field.
Three status field values are defined in [RFC3977]:
"y" Posting is permitted.
"n" Posting is not permitted.
"m" Postings will be forwarded to the newsgroup moderator.
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This document defines three other case-sensitive status field values
that can also be used:
"x" Postings and articles from peers are not permitted.
"j" Only articles from peers are permitted; no articles are locally
filed.
"=other.group" Only articles from peers are permitted, and are filed
under the newsgroup named "other.group".
The server SHOULD use these values when these meanings are required
and MUST NOT use them with any other meaning.
A newsgroup with status "x" is a newsgroup with status "n", except
that articles from peers are not accepted. A newsgroup with status
"x" is considered as closed: no new articles will arrive in such a
group. On the contrary, articles from peers will arrive in a
newsgroup with status "n". Local postings are not allowed in a
newsgroup with either of these two status field values.
A newsgroup with status "j" is a newsgroup with status "y", except
that (1) local postings are not accepted, (2) articles received from
a peer that are crossposted to one or more valid groups are filed
only into those valid groups, and (3) articles received from a peer
that are not crossposted to any valid groups are not filed into any
newsgroup, but are still propagated to other peers, if appropriate.
NOTE: Instead of not filing at all an article posted to a
newsgroup with status "j", a news server MAY file it under a
catch-all group if no valid group is applicable. When a news
server uses a catch-all group to file the articles posted to
newsgroups with status "j", this catch-all group SHOULD be named
"junk". (The first letter of the "junk" newsgroup explains why
this status has been called "j".)
Consequently, when a news server carries the "junk" newsgroup and
uses it for the purpose of the "j" status, the "junk" newsgroup
contains all postings not filed under another newsgroup,
regardless of the status of the "junk" newsgroup. (However, an
article posted explicitly to "junk" is treated according to the
status of the "junk" newsgroup.)
The "junk" newsgroup may be available to news readers and is often
used by a news server as a way to locally store an article that
will be transmitted to peers (which may carry some of the
newsgroups the article was posted to even if the local server does
not). In addition, instead of rejecting an article that contains
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an invalid Newsgroups header field or that is posted to newsgroups
it does not carry, a news server may accept such an article and
file it under the catch-all newsgroup.
Depending on the configuration of the news server, mentioning a
newsgroup with status "j" is different than simply not listing the
group, since articles arriving for unknown newsgroups may be
rejected.
When the status field value begins with an equal sign ("=" or %x3D),
a newsgroup name on the news server MUST immediately follow the sign.
If the status of "foo.bar" is "=other.group", it means that "foo.bar"
is an alias for "other.group". These two newsgroups are distinct;
they do not share their articles or their article numbers. Local
postings to "foo.bar" are not allowed, but articles from peers are
accepted for "foo.bar" and filed into "other.group", regardless of
the status of "other.group". The contents of their Newsgroups header
fields MUST NOT be altered.
Alias groups are typically used during a transition between two
newsgroups, including but not limited to a renaming of a group, or a
correction of a misspelled group name.
The status of the newsgroup an alias points to MUST NOT be taken into
account when an article arrives in an alias newsgroup. In
particular, it means that unapproved articles arriving from peers in
an alias pointing to a moderated newsgroup are accepted and filed
into this moderated newsgroup. Therefore, an alias SHOULD NOT point
to a moderated newsgroup, since it allows bypassing of the
moderation.
An alias SHOULD NOT point to itself or another alias group. The
newsgroup an alias points to SHOULD exist on the news server, and be
visible to any client that can see the original group. However, when
a client issues a LIST ACTIVE command with a wildmat including the
original group, the newsgroup it points to is not listed in the
response (unless of course the second newsgroup also matches the
wildmat).
NOTE: If a server files newsgroups with status "j" into "junk", a
newsgroup with status "j" and a newsgroup with status "=junk" are
different. An article fed by a peer, and crossposted to a group
with status "j", will result in the article being filed only in
"junk" if there are no other groups with which to file it, or
otherwise only in other valid newsgroups it is crossposted to. On
the other hand, an article fed by a peer, and crossposted to a
group with status "=junk", will result in the article being filed
in "junk" and in other valid newsgroups it is crossposted to.
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The following table summarizes what usually happens to an article
posted to only the newsgroup "foo.bar", depending on its status field
value on the news server:
+---------------+------------+-----------+------------+-------------+
| Status field | Accepted | Accepted | Moderation | Destination |
| value of | if local | from | needed? | if accepted |
| "foo.bar" | posting? | peers? | | |
+---------------+------------+-----------+------------+-------------+
| y | Yes | Yes | No | foo.bar |
| n | No | Yes | No | foo.bar |
| m | Yes | Yes | Yes | foo.bar |
| x | No | No | No | |
| j | No | Yes | No | junk (if |
| | | | | filed) |
| =other.group | No | Yes | No | other.group |
+---------------+------------+-----------+------------+-------------+
The following table summarizes what usually happens to an article
crossposted to the newsgroup "foo.bar" and a valid newsgroup
"misc.test" (whose status field is "y") known by the news server,
depending on the status field value of "foo.bar" on the news server:
+---------------+-----------+-----------+------------+--------------+
| Status field | Accepted | Accepted | Moderation | Destination |
| value of | if local | from | needed? | if accepted |
| "foo.bar" | posting? | peers? | | |
+---------------+-----------+-----------+------------+--------------+
| y | Yes | Yes | No | foo.bar, |
| | | | | misc.test |
| n | No | Yes | No | foo.bar, |
| | | | | misc.test |
| m | Yes | Yes | Yes | foo.bar, |
| | | | | misc.test |
| x | No | Yes | No | misc.test |
| j | No | Yes | No | misc.test |
| =other.group | No | Yes | No | other.group, |
| | | | | misc.test |
+---------------+-----------+-----------+------------+--------------+
NOTE: The status of a newsgroup only indicates how articles
arriving for that newsgroup are normally processed; news servers
MAY provide clients with special privileges to allow or disallow
some rights in these newsgroups. This specification defines
neither these rights nor whether or not articles posted to these
groups should be propagated to other peers.
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3.2. Examples
Example of an article posted to an alias group by a peer:
[C] LIST ACTIVE
[S] 215 List of newsgroups follows
[S] foo.bar 21 12 y
[S] misc.test 3002322 3000234 =foo.bar
[S] .
[C] IHAVE <for.misc.test@example.com>
[S] 335 Send it; end with <CR-LF>.<CR-LF>
[C] Path: demo!.POSTED.somewhere!not-for-mail
[C] From: "Demo User" <nobody@example.com>
[C] Newsgroups: misc.test
[C] Subject: I am just a test article
[C] Date: 18 Oct 2008 16:02:45 +0200
[C] Organization: An example, Paris, FR.
[C] Message-ID: <for.misc.test@example.com>
[C] MIME-Version: 1.0
[C]
[C] This is just a test article.
[C] .
[S] 235 Article transferred OK
[C] LIST ACTIVE
[S] 215 List of newsgroups follows
[S] foo.bar 22 12 y
[S] misc.test 3002322 3000234 =foo.bar
[S] .
[C] HDR Xref <for.misc.test@example.com>
[S] 225 Header information follows
[S] 0 news.example.com foo.bar:22
[S] .
[C] HDR Newsgroups <for.misc.test@example.com>
[S] 225 Header information follows
[S] 0 misc.test
[S] .
The Newsgroups header field of this article is kept untouched. This
article is filed under "foo.bar" even though it has originally been
posted to the newsgroup "misc.test". Yet, it still propagates to
peers that have been configured to receive articles posted to
"misc.text".
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Example of an article locally posted to an alias group:
[C] LIST ACTIVE
[S] 215 List of newsgroups follows
[S] foo.bar 22 12 y
[S] misc.test 3002322 3000234 =foo.bar
[S] .
[C] POST
[S] 340 Input article; end with <CR-LF>.<CR-LF>
[C] From: "Demo User" <nobody@example.com>
[C] Newsgroups: misc.test
[C] Subject: I am just a test article
[C] MIME-Version: 1.0
[C]
[C] This is just a test article.
[C] .
[S] 441 Newsgroup "misc.test" has been renamed to "foo.bar"
The article is rejected, with a detailed error.
4. Augmented BNF Syntax for These Additions to the LIST Command
This section describes the formal syntax of the new LIST variants
defined in this document using [RFC5234]. It extends the syntax in
Section 9 of [RFC3977], and non-terminals not defined in this
document are defined there. The [RFC3977] ABNF should be imported
first, before attempting to validate these rules.
4.1. Commands
This syntax extends the non-terminal <list-arguments>, which
represents the variants of the LIST command.
; counts
list-arguments =/ "COUNTS" [WS wildmat]
; distributions, moderators, motd
list-arguments =/ "DISTRIBUTIONS" / "MODERATORS" / "MOTD"
; subscriptions
list-arguments =/ "SUBSCRIPTIONS" [WS wildmat]
4.2. Responses
This syntax extends the non-terminals <newsgroup-status> and
<list-content>, which represent the status field value returned by
the LIST ACTIVE command and the response contents for the LIST
command, respectively.
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; active
newsgroup-status =/ newsgroup-alias /
%x78 / %x6a ; case-sensitive "x" and "j"
newsgroup-alias = "=" newsgroup-name
; counts
list-content =/ list-counts-content
list-counts-content =
*(newsgroup-name 3(SPA article-number)
SPA newsgroup-status CRLF)
; distributions
list-content =/ list-distributions-content
list-distributions-content =
*(distribution WS distribution-description CRLF)
distribution-description = U-TEXT
; moderators
list-content =/ list-moderators-content
list-moderators-content =
*(wildmat ":" moderators-address CRLF)
moderators-address = S-TEXT
; motd
list-content =/ list-motd-content
list-motd-content = *(*U-CHAR CRLF)
; subscriptions
list-content =/ list-subscriptions-content
list-subscriptions-content = *(newsgroup-name CRLF)
5. Internationalization Considerations
No new internationalization considerations are introduced by this
extension, beyond those already described in the core specification
[RFC3977].
In particular, newsgroup names SHOULD be restricted to US-ASCII
[ASCII] until a successor to [RFC5536] standardizes another approach.
Distribution descriptions and the message of the day MUST be in UTF-8
[RFC3629].
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6. Security Considerations
No new security considerations are introduced by this extension,
beyond those already described in the core specification [RFC3977]
and the Netnews Architecture and Protocols specification [RFC5537]
(especially distribution leakage and e-mail Denial of Service during
the moderation process).
7. IANA Considerations
This section gives a formal definition of this extension as required
by Section 3.3.3 of [RFC3977] for the IANA registry. It extends the
LIST capability label defined in Section 7.6 of [RFC3977].
o This extension provides additional keywords to the pre-existing
LIST capability defined in Section 7.6 of [RFC3977]. New status
field values are also added to the ACTIVE variant of the LIST
command.
o The capability label that this extension extends is "LIST".
o This extension adds five optional arguments to the "LIST"
capability label: "COUNTS", "DISTRIBUTIONS", "MODERATORS", "MOTD",
and "SUBSCRIPTIONS", indicating which new variants of the LIST
command are supported. Consequently, this extension associates
these new arguments with the pre-existing "LIST" NNTP command.
o This extension defines five new commands, LIST COUNTS, LIST
DISTRIBUTIONS, LIST MODERATORS, LIST MOTD, and LIST SUBSCRIPTIONS,
whose behavior, arguments, and responses are defined in
Sections 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, and 2.6, respectively.
o This extension does not associate any new responses with pre-
existing NNTP commands.
o This extension does not affect the maximum length of commands or
initial response lines.
o This extension does not alter pipelining. The LIST COUNTS, LIST
DISTRIBUTIONS, LIST MODERATORS, LIST MOTD, and LIST SUBSCRIPTIONS
commands can be pipelined.
o Use of this extension does not alter the capabilities list.
o This extension does not cause any pre-existing command to produce
a 401, 480, or 483 response.
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o This extension is unaffected by any use of the MODE READER
command.
o This extension does not affect the overall behavior of a server or
client other than via the new commands.
o Published Specification: This document.
o Contact for Further Information: Author of this document.
o Change Controller: IESG <iesg@ietf.org>.
8. Acknowledgements
The author gratefully acknowledges the comments and additional
information provided by Russ Allbery, Urs Janssen, Antti-Juhani
Kaijanaho, Alexey Melnikov, Peter Saint-Andre, Dieter Stussy, and
Sean Turner on this document.
The author would particularly like to thank Jeffrey M. Vinocur for
having reread, improved, and patiently fixed the English wording and
the quality of this document.
Special thanks are due to:
Stan Barber, whose text in [RFC2980] served as the initial basis
for the DISTRIBUTIONS and SUBSCRIPTIONS variants of the LIST
command.
Brian Hernacki, whose text in [NNTP_LIST] served as the initial
basis for the MOTD and also the SUBSCRIPTIONS variants of the LIST
command.
The authors of the documentation of a few sample files of the
InterNetNews news server ("active", "distributions", "moderators",
"motd.news", and "subscriptions"): Russ Allbery, Bettina Fink,
Rich Salz, and a few other people to whom I am also grateful.
9. References
9.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC3629] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
10646", STD 63, RFC 3629, November 2003.
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[RFC3977] Feather, C., "Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)",
RFC 3977, October 2006.
[RFC5234] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008.
[RFC5322] Resnick, P., Ed., "Internet Message Format", RFC 5322,
October 2008.
9.2. Informative References
[ASCII] American National Standards Institute, "Coded Character
Sets - 7-Bit American Standard Code for Information
Interchange (7-Bit ASCII), ANSI X3.4", 1986.
[NNTP_LIST] Hernacki, B., "NNTP LIST Additions", Work in Progress,
July 1997.
[RFC2980] Barber, S., "Common NNTP Extensions", RFC 2980,
October 2000.
[RFC5536] Murchison, K., Lindsey, C., and D. Kohn, "Netnews
Article Format", RFC 5536, November 2009.
[RFC5537] Allbery, R. and C. Lindsey, "Netnews Architecture and
Protocols", RFC 5537, November 2009.
[USEAGE] Lindsey, C., "Usenet Best Practice", Work in Progress,
March 2005.
Author's Address
Julien Elie
13 rue Marx Dormoy
Noisy-le-Grand 93160
France
EMail: julien@trigofacile.com
URI: http://www.trigofacile.com/
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