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Keywords: special subtree
Network Working Group K. Zeilenga
Request for Comments: 3672 OpenLDAP Foundation
Category: Standards Track S. Legg
Adacel Technologies
December 2003
Subentries in the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
In X.500 directories, subentries are special entries used to hold
information associated with a subtree or subtree refinement. This
document adapts X.500 subentries mechanisms for use with the
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP).
1. Overview
From [X.501]:
A subentry is a special kind of entry immediately subordinate to
an administrative point. It contains attributes that pertain to
a subtree (or subtree refinement) associated with its
administrative point. The subentries and their administrative
point are part of the same naming context.
A single subentry may serve all or several aspects of
administrative authority. Alternatively, a specific aspect of
administrative authority may be handled through one or more of
its own subentries.
Subentries in the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
[RFC3377] SHALL behave in accordance with X.501 unless noted
otherwise in this specification.
Zeilenga & Legg Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 3672 Subentries in LDAP December 2003
In absence of the subentries control (detailed in Section 3),
subentries SHALL NOT be considered in one-level and subtree scope
search operations. For all other operations, including base scope
search operations, subentries SHALL be considered.
1.1. Conventions
Schema definitions are provided using LDAP description formats
[RFC2252]. Definitions provided here are formatted (line wrapped)
for readability.
Protocol elements are described using ASN.1 [X.680]. The term "BER-
encoded" means the element is to be encoded using the Basic Encoding
Rules [X.690] under the restrictions detailed in Section 5.1 of
[RFC2251].
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119].
2. Subentry Schema
2.1. Subtree Specification Syntax
The Subtree Specification syntax provides a general purpose mechanism
for the specification of a subset of entries in a subtree of the
Directory Information Tree (DIT). A subtree begins at some base
entry and includes the subordinates of that entry down to some
identified lower boundary, possibly extending to the leaf entries. A
subtree specification is always used within a context or scope which
implicitly determines the bounds of the subtree. For example, the
scope of a subtree specification for a subschema administrative area
does not include the subtrees of any subordinate administrative point
entries for subschema administration. Where a subtree specification
does not identify a contiguous subset of the entries within a single
subtree the collection is termed a subtree refinement.
This syntax corresponds to the SubtreeSpecification ASN.1 type
described in [X.501], Section 11.3. This ASN.1 data type definition
is reproduced here for completeness.
SubtreeSpecification ::= SEQUENCE {
base [0] LocalName DEFAULT { },
COMPONENTS OF ChopSpecification,
specificationFilter [4] Refinement OPTIONAL }
LocalName ::= RDNSequence
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ChopSpecification ::= SEQUENCE {
specificExclusions [1] SET OF CHOICE {
chopBefore [0] LocalName,
chopAfter [1] LocalName } OPTIONAL,
minimum [2] BaseDistance DEFAULT 0,
maximum [3] BaseDistance OPTIONAL }
BaseDistance ::= INTEGER (0 .. MAX)
Refinement ::= CHOICE {
item [0] OBJECT-CLASS.&id,
and [1] SET OF Refinement,
or [2] SET OF Refinement,
not [3] Refinement }
The components of SubtreeSpecification are: base, which identifies
the base entry of the subtree or subtree refinement, and
specificExclusions, minimum, maximum and specificationFilter, which
then reduce the set of subordinate entries of the base entry. The
subtree or subtree refinement contains all the entries within scope
that are not excluded by any of the components of the subtree
specification. When all of the components of SubtreeSpecification
are absent (i.e., when a value of the Subtree Specification syntax is
the empty sequence, {}), the specified subtree implicitly includes
all the entries within scope.
Any particular use of this mechanism MAY impose limitations or
constraints on the components of SubtreeSpecification.
The LDAP syntax specification is:
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.45 DESC 'SubtreeSpecification' )
The LDAP-specific encoding of values of this syntax is defined by the
Generic String Encoding Rules [RFC3641]. Appendix A provides an
equivalent Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) [RFC2234] for this
syntax.
2.1.1. Base
The base component of SubtreeSpecification nominates the base entry
of the subtree or subtree refinement. The base entry may be an entry
which is subordinate to the root entry of the scope in which the
subtree specification is used, in which case the base component
contains a sequence of Relative Distinguished Names (RDNs) relative
to the root entry of the scope, or may be the root entry of the scope
itself (the default), in which case the base component is absent or
contains an empty sequence of RDNs.
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Entries that are not subordinates of the base entry are excluded from
the subtree or subtree refinement.
2.1.2. Specific Exclusions
The specificExclusions component of a ChopSpecification is a list of
exclusions that specify entries and their subordinates to be excluded
from the subtree or subtree refinement. The entry is specified by a
sequence of RDNs relative to the base entry (i.e., a LocalName).
Each exclusion is of either the chopBefore or chopAfter form. If the
chopBefore form is used then the specified entry and its subordinates
are excluded from the subtree or subtree refinement. If the
chopAfter form is used then only the subordinates of the specified
entry are excluded from the subtree or subtree refinement.
2.1.3. Minimum and Maximum
The minimum and maximum components of a ChopSpecification allow the
exclusion of entries based on their depth in the DIT.
Entries that are less than the minimum number of RDN arcs below the
base entry are excluded from the subtree or subtree refinement. A
minimum value of zero (the default) corresponds to the base entry.
Entries that are more than the maximum number of RDN arcs below the
base entry are excluded from the subtree or subtree refinement. An
absent maximum component indicates that there is no upper limit on
the number of RDN arcs below the base entry for entries in the
subtree or subtree refinement.
2.1.4. Specification Filter
The specificationFilter component is a boolean expression of
assertions about the values of the objectClass attribute of the base
entry and its subordinates. A Refinement assertion item evaluates to
true for an entry if that entry's objectClass attribute contains the
OID nominated in the assertion. Entries for which the overall filter
evaluates to false are excluded from the subtree refinement. If the
specificationFilter is absent then no entries are excluded from the
subtree or subtree refinement because of their objectClass attribute
values.
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2.2. Administrative Role Attribute Type
The Administrative Model defined in [X.501], clause 10 requires that
administrative entries contain an administrativeRole attribute to
indicate that the associated administrative area is concerned with
one or more administrative roles.
The administrativeRole operational attribute is specified as follows:
( 2.5.18.5 NAME 'administrativeRole'
EQUALITY objectIdentifierMatch
USAGE directoryOperation
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.38 )
The possible values of this attribute defined in X.501 are:
OID NAME
-------- -------------------------------
2.5.23.1 autonomousArea
2.5.23.2 accessControlSpecificArea
2.5.23.3 accessControlInnerArea
2.5.23.4 subschemaAdminSpecificArea
2.5.23.5 collectiveAttributeSpecificArea
2.5.23.6 collectiveAttributeInnerArea
Other values may be defined in other specifications. Names
associated with each administrative role are Object Identifier
Descriptors [RFC3383].
The administrativeRole operational attribute is also used to regulate
the subentries permitted to be subordinate to an administrative
entry. A subentry not of a class permitted by the administrativeRole
attribute cannot be subordinate to the administrative entry.
2.3. Subtree Specification Attribute Type
The subtreeSpecification operational attribute is defined as follows:
( 2.5.18.6 NAME 'subtreeSpecification'
SINGLE-VALUE
USAGE directoryOperation
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.45 )
This attribute is present in all subentries. See [X.501], clause 10.
Values of the subtreeSpecification attribute nominate collections of
entries within the DIT for one or more aspects of administrative
authority.
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2.4. Subentry Object Class
The subentry object class is a structural object class.
( 2.5.17.0 NAME 'subentry'
SUP top STRUCTURAL
MUST ( cn $ subtreeSpecification ) )
3. Subentries Control
The subentries control MAY be sent with a searchRequest to control
the visibility of entries and subentries which are within scope.
Non-visible entries or subentries are not returned in response to the
request.
The subentries control is an LDAP Control whose controlType is
1.3.6.1.4.1.4203.1.10.1, criticality is TRUE or FALSE (hence absent),
and controlValue contains a BER-encoded BOOLEAN indicating
visibility. A controlValue containing the value TRUE indicates that
subentries are visible and normal entries are not. A controlValue
containing the value FALSE indicates that normal entries are visible
and subentries are not.
Note that TRUE visibility has the three octet encoding { 01 01 FF }
and FALSE visibility has the three octet encoding { 01 01 00 }.
The controlValue SHALL NOT be absent.
In absence of this control, subentries are not visible to singleLevel
and wholeSubtree scope Search requests but are visible to baseObject
scope Search requests.
There is no corresponding response control.
This control is not appropriate for non-Search operations.
4. Security Considerations
Subentries often hold administrative information or other sensitive
information and should be protected from unauthorized access and
disclosure as described in [RFC2829][RFC2830].
General LDAP [RFC3377] security considerations also apply.
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5. IANA Considerations
5.1. Descriptors
The IANA has registered the LDAP descriptors detailed in this
technical specification. The following registration template is
suggested:
Subject: Request for LDAP Descriptor Registration
Descriptor (short name): see comment
Object Identifier: see comment
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Kurt Zeilenga <kurt@OpenLDAP.org>
Usage: see comment
Specification: RFC3672
Author/Change Controller: IESG
Comments:
NAME Type OID
------------------------ ---- --------
accessControlInnerArea R 2.5.23.3
accessControlSpecificArea R 2.5.23.2
administrativeRole A 2.5.18.5
autonomousArea R 2.5.23.1
collectiveAttributeInnerArea R 2.5.23.6
collectiveAttributeSpecificArea R 2.5.23.5
subentry O 2.5.17.0
subschemaAdminSpecificArea R 2.5.23.4
subtreeSpecification A 2.5.18.6
where Type A is Attribute, Type O is ObjectClass, and Type R is
Administrative Role.
5.2. Object Identifiers
This document uses the OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.4203.1.10.1 to identify an
LDAP protocol element defined herein. This OID was assigned [ASSIGN]
by OpenLDAP Foundation, under its IANA-assigned private enterprise
allocation [PRIVATE], for use in this specification.
Other OIDs which appear in this document were either assigned by the
ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 - Subcommittee 6 to identify
elements of X.500 schema or assigned in RFC 2252 for the use
described here.
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5.3. Protocol Mechanisms
The IANA has registered the LDAP protocol mechanisms [RFC3383]
detailed in this specification.
Subject: Request for LDAP Protocol Mechanism Registration
Description: Subentries
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Kurt Zeilenga <kurt@openldap.org>
Usage: Control
Specification: RFC3672
Author/Change Controller: IESG
Comments: none
6. Acknowledgment
This document is based on engineering done by IETF LDUP and LDAPext
Working Groups including "LDAP Subentry Schema" by Ed Reed. This
document also borrows from a number of ITU documents including X.501.
7. Intellectual Property Statement
The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to
pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it
has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on the
IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and
standards-related documentation can be found in BCP-11. Copies of
claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of
licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to
obtain a general license or permission for the use of such
proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification can
be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.
The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice
this standard. Please address the information to the IETF Executive
Director.
Zeilenga & Legg Standards Track [Page 8]
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A. Subtree Specification ABNF
This appendix is non-normative.
The LDAP-specific string encoding for the Subtree Specification
syntax is specified by the Generic String Encoding Rules [RFC3641].
The ABNF [RFC2234] in this appendix for this syntax is provided only
as a convenience and is equivalent to the encoding specified by the
application of [RFC3641]. Since the SubtreeSpecification ASN.1 type
may be extended in future editions of [X.501], the provided ABNF
should be regarded as a snapshot in time. The LDAP-specific encoding
for any extension to the SubtreeSpecification ASN.1 type can be
determined from [RFC3641].
In the event that there is a discrepancy between this ABNF and the
encoding determined by [RFC3641], [RFC3641] is to be taken as
definitive.
SubtreeSpecification = "{" [ sp ss-base ]
[ sep sp ss-specificExclusions ]
[ sep sp ss-minimum ]
[ sep sp ss-maximum ]
[ sep sp ss-specificationFilter ]
sp "}"
ss-base = id-base msp LocalName
ss-specificExclusions = id-specificExclusions msp
SpecificExclusions
ss-minimum = id-minimum msp BaseDistance
ss-maximum = id-maximum msp BaseDistance
ss-specificationFilter = id-specificationFilter msp Refinement
id-base = %x62.61.73.65 ; "base"
id-specificExclusions = %x73.70.65.63.69.66.69.63.45.78.63.6C.75.73
%x69.6F.6E.73 ; "specificExclusions"
id-minimum = %x6D.69.6E.69.6D.75.6D ; "minimum"
id-maximum = %x6D.61.78.69.6D.75.6D ; "maximum"
id-specificationFilter = %x73.70.65.63.69.66.69.63.61.74.69.6F.6E.46
%x69.6C.74.65.72 ; "specificationFilter"
SpecificExclusions = "{" [ sp SpecificExclusion
*( "," sp SpecificExclusion ) ] sp "}"
SpecificExclusion = chopBefore / chopAfter
chopBefore = id-chopBefore ":" LocalName
chopAfter = id-chopAfter ":" LocalName
id-chopBefore = %x63.68.6F.70.42.65.66.6F.72.65 ; "chopBefore"
id-chopAfter = %x63.68.6F.70.41.66.74.65.72 ; "chopAfter"
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Refinement = item / and / or / not
item = id-item ":" OBJECT-IDENTIFIER
and = id-and ":" Refinements
or = id-or ":" Refinements
not = id-not ":" Refinement
Refinements = "{" [ sp Refinement
*( "," sp Refinement ) ] sp "}"
id-item = %x69.74.65.6D ; "item"
id-and = %x61.6E.64 ; "and"
id-or = %x6F.72 ; "or"
id-not = %x6E.6F.74 ; "not"
BaseDistance = INTEGER-0-MAX
The <sp>, <msp>, <sep>, <INTEGER>, <INTEGER-0-MAX>, <OBJECT-
IDENTIFIER> and <LocalName> rules are defined in [RFC3642].
Normative References
[X.501] ITU-T, "The Directory -- Models," X.501, 1993.
[X.680] ITU-T, "Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) -
Specification of Basic Notation", X.680, 1994.
[X.690] ITU-T, "Specification of ASN.1 encoding rules: Basic,
Canonical, and Distinguished Encoding Rules", X.690,
1994.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2251] Wahl, M., Howes, T. and S. Kille, "Lightweight Directory
Access Protocol (v3)", RFC 2251, December 1997.
[RFC2252] Wahl, M., Coulbeck, A., Howes, T. and S. Kille,
"Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (v3): Attribute
Syntax Definitions", RFC 2252, December 1997.
[RFC2829] Wahl, M., Alvestrand, H., Hodges, J. and R. Morgan,
"Authentication Methods for LDAP", RFC 2829, May 2000.
[RFC2830] Hodges, J., Morgan, R. and M. Wahl, "Lightweight
Directory Access Protocol (v3): Extension for Transport
Layer Security", RFC 2830, May 2000.
[RFC3377] Hodges, J. and R. Morgan, "Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol (v3): Technical Specification", RFC 3377,
September 2002.
Zeilenga & Legg Standards Track [Page 10]
RFC 3672 Subentries in LDAP December 2003
[RFC3383] Zeilenga, K., "Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
Considerations for the Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol (LDAP)", RFC 3383, September 2002.
[RFC3641] Legg, S., "Generic String Encoding Rules (GSER) for ASN.1
Types", RFC 3641, October 2003.
Informative References
[RFC2234] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.
[RFC3642] Legg, S., "Common Elements of Generic String Encoding
Rules (GSER) Encodings", RFC 3642, October 2003.
[ASSIGN] OpenLDAP Foundation, "OpenLDAP OID Delegations",
http://www.openldap.org/foundation/oid-delegate.txt
[PRIVATE] IANA, "Private Enterprise Numbers",
http://www.iana.org/assignments/enterprise-numbers
Authors' Addresses
Kurt D. Zeilenga
OpenLDAP Foundation
EMail: Kurt@OpenLDAP.org
Steven Legg
Adacel Technologies Ltd.
250 Bay Street
Brighton, Victoria 3186
AUSTRALIA
Phone: +61 3 8530 7710
Fax: +61 3 8530 7888
EMail: steven.legg@adacel.com.au
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Full Copyright Statement
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Acknowledgement
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
Internet Society.
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