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Keywords: dynamic, host, configuration, protocol, internet, assigned, numbers, authority
Network Working Group R. Droms
Request for Comments: 2939 Bucknell University
BCP: 43 September 2000
Obsoletes: 2489
Category: Best Current Practice
Procedures and IANA Guidelines for Definition of
New DHCP Options and Message Types
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the
Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) provides a framework
for passing configuration information to hosts on a Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) network. Configuration
parameters and other control information are carried in tagged data
items that are stored in the 'options' field of the DHCP message.
The data items themselves are also called "options".
DHCP protocol messages are identified by the 'DHCP Message Type'
option (option code 51). Each message type is defined by the data
value carried in the 'DHCP Message Type' option.
New DHCP options and message types may be defined after the
publication of the DHCP specification to accommodate requirements for
conveyance of new configuration parameters or to accommodate new
protocol semantics. This document describes the procedure for
defining new DHCP options and message types.
1. Introduction
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) [1] provides a
framework for passing configuration information to hosts on a TCP/IP
network. Configuration parameters and other control information are
carried in tagged data items that are stored in the 'options' field
of the DHCP message. The data items themselves are also called
"options" [2].
Droms Best Current Practice [Page 1]
RFC 2939 Procedures for New DHCP Options September 2000
DHCP protocol messages are identified by the 'DHCP Message Type'
option (option code 51). Each message type is defined by the data
value carried in the 'DHCP Message Type' option.
This document describes the procedure for defining new DHCP options
and message types. The procedure will guarantee that:
* allocation of new option numbers and message type numbers is
coordinated from a single authority,
* new options and message types are reviewed for technical
correctness and appropriateness, and
* documentation for new options and message types is complete and
published.
As indicated in, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations
Section in RFCs", (see references), IANA acts as a central authority
for assignment of numbers such as DHCP option and message type codes.
The new procedure outlined in this document will provide guidance to
IANA in the assignment of new option and message type codes.
This document updates and replaces RFC 2489.
2. Overview and background
This document specifies procedures for defining new option codes and
message types.
2.1 New DHCP option codes
The procedure described in this document modifies and clarifies the
procedure for defining new options in RFC 2131 [2]. The primary
modification is to the time at which a new DHCP option is assigned an
option number. In the procedure described in this document, the
option number is not assigned until specification for the option is
about to be published as an RFC.
Since the publication of RFC 2132, the option number space for
publicly defined DHCP options (1-127) has almost been exhausted.
Many of the defined option numbers have not been followed up with
Internet Drafts submitted to the DHC WG. There has been a lack of
specific guidance to IANA from the DHC WG as to the assignment of
DHCP option numbers.
The procedure as specified in RFC 2132 does not clearly state that
new options are to be reviewed individually for technical
correctness, appropriateness and complete documentation. RFC 2132
also does not require that new options are to be submitted to the
IESG for review, and that the author of the option specification is
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RFC 2939 Procedures for New DHCP Options September 2000
responsible for bringing new options to the attention of the IESG.
Finally, RFC 2132 does not make clear that newly defined options are
not to be incorporated into products, included in other
specifications or otherwise used until the specification for the
option is published as an RFC.
In the future, new DHCP option codes will be assigned by IETF
consensus. New DHCP options will be documented in RFCs approved by
the IESG, and the codes for those options will be assigned at the
time the relevant RFCs are published. Typically, the IESG will seek
input on prospective assignments from appropriate sources (e.g., a
relevant Working Group if one exists). Groups of related options may
be combined into a single specification and reviewed as a set by the
IESG. Prior to assignment of an option code, it is not appropriate
to incorporate new options into products, include the specification
in other documents or otherwise make use of the new options.
The DHCP option number space (1-254) is split into two parts. The
site-specific option codes [2] (128-254) are defined as "Private Use"
and require no review by the DHC WG. Site-specific options codes
(128-254) MUST NOT be defined for use by any publicly distributed
DHCP server, client or relay agent implementations. These option
codes are explicitly reserved for private definition and use within a
site or an organization.
The public option codes (0-127, 255) are defined as "Specification
Required" and new options must be reviewed prior to assignment of an
option number by IANA. The details of the review process are given
in the following section of this document.
2.2 New DHCP message types
RFC 2131 does not specify any mechanism for defining new DHCP message
types. In the future, new DHCP message types will be documented in
RFCs approved by the IESG, and the codes for these new message types
will be assigned at the time the relevant RFCs are published.
Typically, the IESG will seek input on new message types from
appropriate sources (e.g., a relevant Working Group if one exists).
Prior to assignment of a message type code, it is not appropriate to
incorporate new message types into products, include the
specification in other documents or otherwise make use of the new
message types.
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RFC 2939 Procedures for New DHCP Options September 2000
3. Procedure
The author of a new DHCP option or message type will follow these
steps to obtain approval for the option and publication of the
specification of the option as an RFC:
1. The author devises the new option or message type.
2. The author documents the new option or message type, leaving the
option code or message type code as "To Be Determined" (TBD), as
an Internet Draft.
The requirement that the new option or message type be documented
as an Internet Draft is a matter of expediency. In theory, the
new option or message type could be documented on the back of an
envelope for submission; as a practical matter, the specification
will eventually become an Internet Draft as part of the review
process.
3. The author submits the Internet Draft for review by the IESG.
Preferably, the author will submit the Internet Draft to the DHC
Working Group, but the author may choose to submit the Internet
Draft directly to the IESG.
Note that simply publishing the new option or message type as an
Internet Draft does not automatically bring the option to the
attention of the IESG. The author of the new option or message
type must explicitly forward a request for action on the new
option to the DHC WG or the IESG.
4. The specification of the new option or message type is reviewed by
the IESG. The specification is reviewed by the DHC WG (if it
exists) or by the IETF. If the option or message type is accepted
for inclusion in the DHCP specification, the specification of the
option or message type is published as an RFC. It may be
published as either a standards-track or a non-standards-track
RFC.
5. At the time of publication as an RFC, IANA assigns a DHCP option
code or message type code to the new option or message type.
4. References
[1] Droms, R., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol", RFC 2131, March
1997.
[2] Alexander, S. and R. Droms, "DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor
Extensions", RFC 2132, March 1997.
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RFC 2939 Procedures for New DHCP Options September 2000
[3] Droms, R. and K. Fong, "NetWare/IP Domain Name and Information",
RFC 2142, November 1997.
[4] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA
Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434, October 1998.
[5] Droms, R., "Procedure for Defining New DHCP Options", RFC 2489,
January 1999.
5. Changes from RFC 2489
This document extends the procedures for defining new DHCP options
specified in RFC 2489 [5] to include the definition of new DHCP
message types. The language reserving site-specific option codes has
been strengthened to emphasize the requirement that site-specific
option codes must not be encoded in publicly distributed DHCP
implementations.
6. Security Considerations
Information that creates or updates an option code or message type
code assignment needs to be authenticated.
An analysis of security issues is required for all newly defined DHCP
options or message types. The description of security issues in the
specification of new options or message types must be as accurate as
possible. The specification for a new option or message type may
reference the "Security Considerations" section in the DHCP
specification [1]; e.g., (from "NetWare/IP Domain Name and
Information" [3]):
DHCP currently provides no authentication or security mechanisms.
Potential exposures to attack are discussed in section 7 of the
DHCP protocol specification [RFC 2131].
7. IANA Considerations
RFC 2132 and RFC 2489 provided guidance to the IANA on the procedure
it should follow when assigning option numbers for new DHCP options
or message types. This document updates and replaces those
instructions. In particular, IANA is requested to assign DHCP option
codes or message type codes only for options or message types that
have been approved for publication as RFCs; i.e., documents that have
been approved through "IETF consensus" as defined in RFC 2434 [4].
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RFC 2939 Procedures for New DHCP Options September 2000
8. Author's Address
Ralph Droms
Computer Science Department
323 Dana Engineering
Bucknell University
Lewisburg, PA 17837
Phone: (570) 524-1145
EMail: droms@bucknell.edu
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RFC 2939 Procedures for New DHCP Options September 2000
9. Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
English.
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Acknowledgement
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
Internet Society.
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