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Keywords: KOI8-U, encoding, mail, information, resources
Network Working Group KOI8-U Working Group
Request for Comments: 2319 April 1998
Category: Informational
Ukrainian Character Set KOI8-U
Status of this Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This document provides information about character encoding KOI8-U
(KOI8 Ukrainian) wich is a de-facto standard in Ukrainian Internet
community. KOI8-U is compatible with KOI8-R (RFC 1489) in all
Russian letters and extends it with four Ukrainian letters which
locations are compliant with ISO-IR-111. The official site of KOI8-U
Working Group is http://www.net.ua.
Introduction
This document provides information about character encoding KOI8-U
(KOI8 Ukrainian) widely used in Ukrainian Internet community for mail
and news exchange as well as for presentation of WWW information
resources in Ukrainian language.
Originally, specification of proposed standard koi8-u was officially
adopted by the conference of Postmasters of Ukrainian Internet
Service Providers in Slavsk in Autumn of 1992 presented by Igor
Sviridov from Kiev and Stas Vorony from Kharkiv. Later in June 1995
this specification was completed with UKRAINIAN GHE WITH UPTURN.
KOI8-U (KOI8 Ukrainian) is a de-facto standard supported in many
operation systems and Internet user applications including encoding
tables, fonts, locale support for many operating systems and
environments.
MIME character set name: koi8-u
KOI8-U Working Group Informational [Page 1]
RFC 2319 Ukrainian Character Set KOI8-U April 1998
Relation to other RFCs
This standard is based on several published standards: RFC1489 (it
is fully compatible in all Russian letters), RFC-1345, ISO-IR-111,
ISO 10646.
Compatibility with other character sets
The lower part of the KOI8-U Ukrainian Character Set is a complete
copy of ASCII, just as it's used in KOI8-R and other non-ASCII
codepages.
The upper part of the KOI8-U Character Set contains all Russian
letters defined in KOI8-R and four Ukrainian letters (#164, #180 -
ukr. ie, #166, #182 - ukr. i, #167, #183 - ukr. yi, #173, #189 - ukr.
ghe with upturn) which locations are compliant with ISO-IR-111.
BOX DRAWINGS elements in the other positions (that are not used by
Ukrainian letters) are the same as in KOI8-R character set. List of
all differences between KOI8-R and proposed KOI8-U is given in
APPENDIX A.
Specification of the upper part of KOI8-U codepage
The description of all characters of upper half part of KOI8-U
codepage is given according to ISO 10646 Unicode Character Set (UCS).
KOI8-U charset table in RFC1345 format is given in Appendix B.
<decimal> <hex-code> <UCS> <description>
128 80 U2500 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL
129 81 U2502 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL
130 82 U250C BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND RIGHT
131 83 U2510 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND LEFT
132 84 U2514 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND RIGHT
133 85 U2518 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND LEFT
134 86 U251C BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND RIGHT
135 87 U2524 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND LEFT
136 88 U252C BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL
137 89 U2534 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL
138 8A U253C BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND
HORIZONTAL
139 8B U2580 UPPER HALF BLOCK
140 8C U2584 LOWER HALF BLOCK
141 8D U2588 FULL BLOCK
142 8E U258C LEFT HALF BLOCK
143 8F U2590 RIGHT HALF BLOCK
KOI8-U Working Group Informational [Page 2]
RFC 2319 Ukrainian Character Set KOI8-U April 1998
144 90 U2591 LIGHT SHADE
145 91 U2592 MEDIUM SHADE
146 92 U2593 DARK SHADE
147 93 U2320 TOP HALF INTEGRAL
148 94 U25A0 BLACK SQUARE
149 95 U2219 BULLET OPERATOR
150 96 U221A SQUARE ROOT
151 97 U2248 ALMOST EQUAL TO
152 98 U2264 LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO
153 99 U2265 GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO
154 9A U00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE
155 9B U2321 BOTTOM HALF INTEGRAL
156 9C U00B0 DEGREE SIGN
157 9D U00B2 SUPERSCRIPT TWO
158 9E U00B7 MIDDLE DOT
159 9F U00F7 DIVISION SIGN
160 A0 U2550 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE HORIZONTAL
161 A1 U2551 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL
162 A2 U2552 BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND RIGHT
DOUBLE
163 A3 U0451 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO
164 A4 U0454 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE
165 A5 U2554 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND RIGHT
166 A6 U0456 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-
UKRAINIAN I
167 A7 U0457 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YI (UKRAINIAN)
168 A8 U2557 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND LEFT
169 A9 U2558 BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE
170 AA U2559 BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE
171 AB U255A BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND RIGHT
172 AC U255B BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE
173 AD U0491 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN
174 AE U255D BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND LEFT
175 AF U255E BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND
RIGHT DOUBLE
176 B0 U255F BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND
RIGHT SINGLE
177 B1 U2560 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND RIGHT
178 B2 U2561 BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND
LEFT DOUBLE
179 B3 U0401 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IO
180 B4 U0404 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE
181 B5 U2563 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND LEFT
182 B6 U0406 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER
BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I
183 B7 U0407 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YI (UKRAINIAN)
184 B8 U2566 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND HORIZONTAL
185 B9 U2567 BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND
KOI8-U Working Group Informational [Page 3]
RFC 2319 Ukrainian Character Set KOI8-U April 1998
HORIZONTAL DOUBLE
186 BA U2568 BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND
HORIZONTAL SINGLE
187 BB U2569 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND HORIZONTAL
188 BC U256A BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND
HORIZONTAL DOUBLE
189 BD U0490 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN
190 BE U256C BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND
HORIZONTAL
191 BF U00A9 COPYRIGHT SIGN
192 C0 U044E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU
193 C1 U0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A
194 C2 U0431 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BE
195 C3 U0446 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSE
196 C4 U0434 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DE
197 C5 U0435 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE
198 C6 U0444 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF
199 C7 U0433 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE
200 C8 U0445 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KHA
201 C9 U0438 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I
202 CA U0439 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I
203 CB U043A CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA
204 CC U043B CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL
205 CD U043C CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM
206 CE U043D CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN
207 CF U043E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O
208 D0 U043F CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE
209 D1 U044F CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA
210 D2 U0440 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER
211 D3 U0441 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES
212 D4 U0442 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE
213 D5 U0443 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U
214 D6 U0436 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE
215 D7 U0432 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER VE
216 D8 U044C CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN
217 D9 U044B CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU
218 DA U0437 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE
219 DB U0448 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHA
220 DC U044D CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E
221 DD U0449 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHCHA
222 DE U0447 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE
223 DF U044A CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN
224 E0 U042E CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YU
225 E1 U0410 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A
226 E2 U0411 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BE
227 E3 U0426 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSE
228 E4 U0414 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DE
229 E5 U0415 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE
KOI8-U Working Group Informational [Page 4]
RFC 2319 Ukrainian Character Set KOI8-U April 1998
230 E6 U0424 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EF
231 E7 U0413 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE
232 E8 U0425 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KHA
233 E9 U0418 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I
234 EA U0419 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I
235 EB U041A CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA
236 EC U041B CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL
237 ED U041C CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EM
238 EE U041D CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN
239 EF U041E CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O
240 F0 U041F CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE
241 F1 U042F CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YA
242 F2 U0420 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ER
243 F3 U0421 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES
244 F4 U0422 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE
245 F5 U0423 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U
246 F6 U0416 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE
247 F7 U0412 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER VE
248 F8 U042C CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT SIGN
249 F9 U042B CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU
250 FA U0417 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE
251 FB U0428 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA
252 FC U042D CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER E
253 FD U0429 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHCHA
254 FE U0427 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE
255 FF U042A CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HARD SIGN
Security Considerations
This memo raises no known security issues.
Acknowledgments
The present edition of this document was prepared by joint activity
of KOI8-U Working group and is a result of wide discussion in
Ukrainian USENET newsgroup ukr.nodes and consensus reached among
majority of Ukrainian ISPs.
Special acknowledges to:
Andrew Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>, author of the first on Internet
RFC 1489 describing KOI8-R Russian character set;
Igor Sviridov <sia@nest.org> for the initial work on establishing and
support of KOI8-U character set and it's implementation in first e-
mail products.
KOI8-U Working Group Informational [Page 5]
RFC 2319 Ukrainian Character Set KOI8-U April 1998
Many people have contributed to the early work on koi8-u encoding:
Stanislav V. Voronyi <stas@uanet.kharkov.ua>
Serge Vakulenko <vak@zebub.msk.su>
Lena Savchenko <epsav@eps.computerland.kiev.ua>
Igor Romanenko <igor@carrier.kiev.ua>
Ruslan Belkin <rus@UA.net>
Andrey Blohintsev <bag@UA.net>
References
[1] Chernov, A., "Registration of a Cyrillic Character Set", RFC
1489, July 1993.
[2] UNICODE 2.0 CHARACTER DATABASE. - ftp://unicode.org/pub/2.0-
Update/UnicodeData-2.0.14.txt
[3] Ukrainian letters in koi8-u and other character sets
ftp://ftp.ua.net/pub/info/encodings/koi8-u/ukr_chars_in_koi8-
u_and_others.txt, June 1995.
[4] ECMA-CYRILLIC. - ftp://dkuug.dk/i18n/charmaps.all/ECMA-
CYRILLIC
[5] Simonsen, K., "Character Mnemonics & Character Sets" RFC 1345,
June 1992.
KOI8-U Working Group List
Coordinator:
Alexander Yeremenko <koi8-u@sita.kiev.ua>
Yuri Demchenko <demch@cad.ntu-kpi.kiev.ua>
Victor Forsyuk <victor@gu.net>
Taras Heychenko <tasic@lucky.net>
Pavel Gulchuk <gul@lucky.net>
Dmitry Kohmanyuk <dk@farm.org>
Boris Mostovoy <vms@breaker.gu.net>
Helen Panchenko <elena@alex-ua.com>
Igor Romanenko <igor@lucky.net>
Eugene Sherstobitov <gene@lucky.net>
Andrew Stesin <stesin@gu.net>
Igor Sviridov <sia@nest.org>
Roman A. Tkachuk <roman@bit.ternopil.ua>
KOI8-U Working Group Informational [Page 6]
RFC 2319 Ukrainian Character Set KOI8-U April 1998
APPENDIX A
DIFFERENCE OF KOI8-U from KOI8-R (RFC 1489)
KOI8-U is compatible with KOI8-R in all Cyrillic Letters and
completes it with four Ukrainian letters UKRAINIAN IE #164, #180,
CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I #166, #182, UKRAINIAN
YI #167, #183, UKRAINIAN GHE WITH UPTURN #173, #189.
<decimal> <hex-code> <UCS> <description>
164 A4 U0454 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE
166 A6 U0456 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER
BELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I
167 A7 U0457 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YI (UKRAINIAN)
173 AD U0491 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UKRAINIAN GHE
WITH UPTURN
180 B4 U0403 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE
182 B6 U0406 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER
BELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I
183 B7 U0407 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YI (UKRAINIAN)
189 BD U0490 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UKRAINIAN GHE
WITH UPTURN
KOI8-U Working Group Informational [Page 7]
RFC 2319 Ukrainian Character Set KOI8-U April 1998
APPENDIX B
KOI8-U charset table in RFC1345 format
&charset KOI8-U
&rem source: RFC 2319
&rem Mibenum: 2088
&rem source: http://www.net.ua/KOI8-U/
&bits 8
&code 0
NU SH SX EX ET EQ AK BL BS HT LF VT FF CR SO SI
DL D1 D2 D3 D4 NK SY EB CN EM SB EC FS GS RS US
SP ! " Nb DO % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
At A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z <( // )> '> _
'! a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z (! !! !) '? DT
hh vv dr dl ur ul vr vl dh uh vh TB LB FB lB RB
.S :S ?S Iu fS Sb RT ?2 =< >= NS Il DG 2S .M -:
HH VV dR io ie DR ii yi LD uR Ur UR uL g3 UL vR
Vr VR vL IO IE VL II YI DH uH Uh UH vH G3 VH Co
ju a= b= c= d= e= f= g= h= i= j= k= l= m= n= o=
p= ja r= s= t= u= z% v= %' y= z= s% je sc c% ='
JU A= B= C= D= E= F= G= H= I= J= K= L= M= N= O=
P= JA R= S= T= U= Z% V= %" Y= Z= S% JE Sc C% ="
KOI8-U Working Group Informational [Page 8]
RFC 2319 Ukrainian Character Set KOI8-U April 1998
Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
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HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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KOI8-U Working Group Informational [Page 9]