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Interpreting For Park Visitors by William J. Lewis

LOC SB482.A4L48

1980

Chapter 9

Recommended Resources

COMMUNICATION THEORY

Fabun, Don. Communications: The transfer of Meaning.

Beverly Hills: Glencoe Press, 1968.

A concise, stimulating view of communication, written in a lively

style and well illustrated.

Haney, William V. Communication and Organizational Behavior,

3d. ed. Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1973

Clearly explains some of the major reasons for breakdowns in human

communication. Gives specific suggestions for avoiding these

breakdowns.

Johnson, Kenneth G., Mark C. Liebig, Gene Minor, and John J.

Senatore, Nothing Never Happens, teacher's ed. Beverly Hills:

Glencoe Press, 1974.

A collection of exercises which promotes self-discovery. Includes

thought-provoking articles. Excellent for group training.

Johnson, Wendell. People in Quandries. N.Y.: Harper and Row, 1946.

A classic. Although a few of the examples are out of date, this is

the best treatment of the relationship between language and

behavior I know of.

Lee, Irving J. Handling Barriers in Communication. San Francisco:

International Society for General Semantics, 1968.

A series of presentations used in training people to overcome

communication barriers. Excellent for training purposes.

Postman, Neil and Charles Wingarter. Teaching as a Subversive

Activity. N.Y. Publishing Co., 1969.

Interpretation can be thought of as a specialized form of teaching.

This is my favorite book on teaching.

Rogers, Carl R. On Begoming a Person. Boston: Houghton Mifflin,

1961. Developing one's self is essential to good interpretation.

This book, more than any other I know, can be helpful with this.

Verdeber, Rudolph F. The Challenge of Effective Speaking. 3d ed.

Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co., Inc., 1976

An outstanding overview of the speaking process.

RESOURCES PREPARED FOR INTERPRETERS

Alderson, William T. and Shirley Payne Low. Interpretation of

Historic Sites. Nashville: American Assoc. for State and Local

History, 1976.

The best book I know of on the subject. A must for all

interpreters of historic sites.

Beechel, Jacque. Interpretation for Handicapped Persons: A

Handbook for Outdoor Recreational Personel. Seattle: National Park

Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Cooperative Park Studies Unit,

College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, 1975.

Many helpful suggestions on an important subject.

Bernard, Nelson T., Jr. (compiler). One Step Beyond. Southwestern

Region, U.S. Forest Service, n. d.

A good, brief discussion of the interpretive walk. Contains some

excellent suggestions on involving children that would work just as

well for adults.

Harrison, Anne. Interpreting the River Resource. Wahsington D.C.:

U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977.

Knudsen, George J. Nature Hike Themes. Madison: Wisconsin Dept. of

Natural Resources, 1976.

If you need help thinking of possible themes for your nature walk,

this booklet is a goldmine of ideas.

Lewis, William J. the Fine Art of Interpretive Critiquing.

Washington D.C.: National Park Service, Division of Interpretation,

1975.

A series of four videotapes showing excerpts from actual

interpretive activities at Independence National Park and

Yellowstone National Park together with critiques of the excerpts.

National Park Service, Division of Interpretation. A Personal

Training Program for Interpreters. Washington D.C.: U.S.

Government Printing Office, 1976.

Designed for use with or without an accompanying set of videotapes,

this manual is especially helpful in the development of skills

which lead to /involvement/ in interpretation.

National Park Service. Training Methods Manual: A Training Guide

for Supervisors and other Instructors to Enable Them to Increase

the Effectiveness of all National Park Service Training Activities,

rev. ed. Washington D.C.: National Park Service, 1967.

Designed for supervisors and instructors, this manual can be just

as helpful to the trainee.

Sharpe, Grant. Interpreting the Environment. N.Y.: John Wiley &

Sons, Inc., 1976.

An excellent overview of the field of interpretation.

Highly recommended.

Stephenson, Lee and Nancy Strader. Energy Workbook for Parks.

Arlington, Va.: Park Project on Energy Interpretation, National

Recreation and Park Assoc., 1977.

Develops six energy themes and gives many exercises interpreters

can use when interpreting energy.

Tilden, Freeman. Interpreting Our Heritage, 3d. ed. Chapel Hill:

The University of North Carolina Press, 1977.

A classic! This book has influenced interpretation more during the

last two decades than any other single source.

Van Matre, Steve. Acclimatization: A Sensory and Conceptual

Approach to Ecological Involvement. Martinsville, Ind.: American

Camping Assoc., 1972.

Van Matre, Steve. Acclimatizing: A Personal and Reflective

Approach to A Natural Relationship. Martinsville, Ind.: American

Camping Assoc., 1974

Van Matre shows more clearly than any other person I know how to

develop concepts, ideas, and philosophy from one's experiences.

His inductive, experiential approach is outstanding. Especially

helpful are the many suggested activities.

Resources which combine the philosophy of interpretation, the art of interpretation, excellent communicative style, and thought-stirring points of view:

Brown, Dee A. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of

the American West. N.Y.: Holt Rinehart & Winston, 1970.

Brown, William E. Islands of Hope. Parks and Recreation in

Environmental Crisis. Washington, D.C.: National Recreation and

Park Assoc., 1971.

Carrighar, Sally. One Day at Teton Marsh. N.Y.: Ballantine Books,

1947.

Clark, Kenneth. Civilization: A Personal View. N.Y.: Harper &

Row, Publishers, 1969.

Dillard, Annie. Pilgrim at Tinker Creek. N.Y.: Harper's Magazine

Press, 1974.

Dubos, Rene. So Human an Animal. N.Y.: Charles Scribner's Sons,

1968.

Eiseley, Loren. The Immense Journey. N.Y.: Vintage Books, 1957.
Everhart, William C. The National Park Service. N.Y.: Praeger

Publishers, 1972.

Fabun, Don. The Dynamics of Change. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:

Prentice-Hall, 1967.

Frings, Hubert and Mable. Animal Communication. Waltham, Mass.:

Blaisdell Publishing Co., 1964.

Leopold, Aldo. A Sand County Almnanac. N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press,

1949.

Lewis, Meriwether. The Lewis and Clark Expedition. The 1814

edition, unabridged, 3 vols. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1961.

Lindbergh, A. M. Gift from the Sea. N.Y.: Vintage, 1965.
Sarett, Lew. Covenant with Earth: A Selection from the Poetry of

Lew Sarett. Gainesville, Fla.: Univ. of Fla. Press, 1956.

Thomas, Lewis. The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher.

N.Y.: Bantam Books, Inc., 1971.

Toffler, Alvin. Future Shock. N.Y.: Random House, 1970.

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