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Read/write support for Maildir, mbox, MH, Babyl, and MMDF mailboxes.
An Rmail-style Babyl mailbox.
add(self, message) Add message and return assigned key.
clear(self) Delete all messages.
close(self) Flush and close the mailbox.
discard(self, key) If the keyed message exists, remove it.
flush(self) Write any pending changes to disk.
get(self, key, default=None) Return the keyed message, or default if it doesn't exist.
get_bytes(self, key) Return a string representation or raise a KeyError.
get_file(self, key) Return a file-like representation or raise a KeyError.
get_labels(self) Return a list of user-defined labels in the mailbox.
get_message(self, key) Return a Message representation or raise a KeyError.
get_string(self, key)
Return a string representation or raise a KeyError.
Uses email.message.Message to create a 7bit clean string
representation of the message.
items(self) Return a list of (key, message) tuples. Memory intensive.
iteritems(self) Return an iterator over (key, message) tuples.
iterkeys(self) Return an iterator over keys.
itervalues(self) Return an iterator over all messages.
keys(self) Return a list of keys.
lock(self) Lock the mailbox.
pop(self, key, default=None) Delete the keyed message and return it, or default.
popitem(self) Delete an arbitrary (key, message) pair and return it.
remove(self, key) Remove the keyed message; raise KeyError if it doesn't exist.
unlock(self) Unlock the mailbox if it is locked.
update(self, arg=None) Change the messages that correspond to certain keys.
values(self) Return a list of messages. Memory intensive.
Message with Babyl-specific properties.
add_header(self, _name, _value, **_params)
Extended header setting.
name is the header field to add. keyword arguments can be used to set
additional parameters for the header field, with underscores converted
to dashes. Normally the parameter will be added as key="value" unless
value is None, in which case only the key will be added. If a
parameter value contains non-ASCII characters it can be specified as a
three-tuple of (charset, language, value), in which case it will be
encoded according to RFC2231 rules. Otherwise it will be encoded using
the utf-8 charset and a language of ''.
Examples:
msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment', filename='bud.gif')
msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
filename=('utf-8', '', Fußballer.ppt'))
msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
filename='Fußballer.ppt'))
add_label(self, label) Add label to list of labels on the message.
as_bytes(self, unixfrom=False, policy=None)
Return the entire formatted message as a bytes object.
Optional 'unixfrom', when true, means include the Unix From_ envelope
header. 'policy' is passed to the BytesGenerator instance used to
serialize the message; if not specified the policy associated with
the message instance is used.
as_string(self, unixfrom=False, maxheaderlen=0, policy=None)
Return the entire formatted message as a string.
Optional 'unixfrom', when true, means include the Unix From_ envelope
header. For backward compatibility reasons, if maxheaderlen is
not specified it defaults to 0, so you must override it explicitly
if you want a different maxheaderlen. 'policy' is passed to the
Generator instance used to serialize the message; if it is not
specified the policy associated with the message instance is used.
If the message object contains binary data that is not encoded
according to RFC standards, the non-compliant data will be replaced by
unicode "unknown character" code points.
attach(self, payload)
Add the given payload to the current payload.
The current payload will always be a list of objects after this method
is called. If you want to set the payload to a scalar object, use
set_payload() instead.
del_param(self, param, header='content-type', requote=True)
Remove the given parameter completely from the Content-Type header.
The header will be re-written in place without the parameter or its
value. All values will be quoted as necessary unless requote is
False. Optional header specifies an alternative to the Content-Type
header.
get(self, name, failobj=None)
Get a header value.
Like __getitem__() but return failobj instead of None when the field
is missing.
get_all(self, name, failobj=None)
Return a list of all the values for the named field.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, and may contain duplicates. Any fields deleted and
re-inserted are always appended to the header list.
If no such fields exist, failobj is returned (defaults to None).
get_boundary(self, failobj=None)
Return the boundary associated with the payload if present.
The boundary is extracted from the Content-Type header's `boundary'
parameter, and it is unquoted.
get_charset(self)
Return the Charset instance associated with the message's payload.
get_charsets(self, failobj=None)
Return a list containing the charset(s) used in this message.
The returned list of items describes the Content-Type headers'
charset parameter for this message and all the subparts in its
payload.
Each item will either be a string (the value of the charset parameter
in the Content-Type header of that part) or the value of the
'failobj' parameter (defaults to None), if the part does not have a
main MIME type of "text", or the charset is not defined.
The list will contain one string for each part of the message, plus
one for the container message (i.e. self), so that a non-multipart
message will still return a list of length 1.
get_content_charset(self, failobj=None)
Return the charset parameter of the Content-Type header.
The returned string is always coerced to lower case. If there is no
Content-Type header, or if that header has no charset parameter,
failobj is returned.
get_content_disposition(self)
Return the message's content-disposition if it exists, or None.
The return values can be either 'inline', 'attachment' or None
according to the rfc2183.
get_content_maintype(self)
Return the message's main content type.
This is the `maintype' part of the string returned by
get_content_type().
get_content_subtype(self)
Returns the message's sub-content type.
This is the `subtype' part of the string returned by
get_content_type().
get_content_type(self)
Return the message's content type.
The returned string is coerced to lower case of the form
`maintype/subtype'. If there was no Content-Type header in the
message, the default type as given by get_default_type() will be
returned. Since according to RFC 2045, messages always have a default
type this will always return a value.
RFC 2045 defines a message's default type to be text/plain unless it
appears inside a multipart/digest container, in which case it would be
message/rfc822.
get_default_type(self)
Return the `default' content type.
Most messages have a default content type of text/plain, except for
messages that are subparts of multipart/digest containers. Such
subparts have a default content type of message/rfc822.
get_filename(self, failobj=None)
Return the filename associated with the payload if present.
The filename is extracted from the Content-Disposition header's
`filename' parameter, and it is unquoted. If that header is missing
the `filename' parameter, this method falls back to looking for the
`name' parameter.
get_labels(self) Return a list of labels on the message.
get_param(self, param, failobj=None, header='content-type', unquote=True)
Return the parameter value if found in the Content-Type header.
Optional failobj is the object to return if there is no Content-Type
header, or the Content-Type header has no such parameter. Optional
header is the header to search instead of Content-Type.
Parameter keys are always compared case insensitively. The return
value can either be a string, or a 3-tuple if the parameter was RFC
2231 encoded. When it's a 3-tuple, the elements of the value are of
the form (CHARSET, LANGUAGE, VALUE). Note that both CHARSET and
LANGUAGE can be None, in which case you should consider VALUE to be
encoded in the us-ascii charset. You can usually ignore LANGUAGE.
The parameter value (either the returned string, or the VALUE item in
the 3-tuple) is always unquoted, unless unquote is set to False.
If your application doesn't care whether the parameter was RFC 2231
encoded, it can turn the return value into a string as follows:
rawparam = msg.get_param('foo')
param = email.utils.collapse_rfc2231_value(rawparam)
get_params(self, failobj=None, header='content-type', unquote=True)
Return the message's Content-Type parameters, as a list.
The elements of the returned list are 2-tuples of key/value pairs, as
split on the `=' sign. The left hand side of the `=' is the key,
while the right hand side is the value. If there is no `=' sign in
the parameter the value is the empty string. The value is as
described in the get_param() method.
Optional failobj is the object to return if there is no Content-Type
header. Optional header is the header to search instead of
Content-Type. If unquote is True, the value is unquoted.
get_payload(self, i=None, decode=False)
Return a reference to the payload.
The payload will either be a list object or a string. If you mutate
the list object, you modify the message's payload in place. Optional
i returns that index into the payload.
Optional decode is a flag indicating whether the payload should be
decoded or not, according to the Content-Transfer-Encoding header
(default is False).
When True and the message is not a multipart, the payload will be
decoded if this header's value is `quoted-printable' or `base64'. If
some other encoding is used, or the header is missing, or if the
payload has bogus data (i.e. bogus base64 or uuencoded data), the
payload is returned as-is.
If the message is a multipart and the decode flag is True, then None
is returned.
get_unixfrom(self)
get_visible(self) Return a Message representation of visible headers.
is_multipart(self) Return True if the message consists of multiple parts.
items(self)
Get all the message's header fields and values.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
keys(self)
Return a list of all the message's header field names.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
raw_items(self)
Return the (name, value) header pairs without modification.
This is an "internal" API, intended only for use by a generator.
remove_label(self, label) Remove label from the list of labels on the message.
replace_header(self, _name, _value)
Replace a header.
Replace the first matching header found in the message, retaining
header order and case. If no matching header was found, a KeyError is
raised.
set_boundary(self, boundary)
Set the boundary parameter in Content-Type to 'boundary'.
This is subtly different than deleting the Content-Type header and
adding a new one with a new boundary parameter via add_header(). The
main difference is that using the set_boundary() method preserves the
order of the Content-Type header in the original message.
HeaderParseError is raised if the message has no Content-Type header.
set_charset(self, charset)
Set the charset of the payload to a given character set.
charset can be a Charset instance, a string naming a character set, or
None. If it is a string it will be converted to a Charset instance.
If charset is None, the charset parameter will be removed from the
Content-Type field. Anything else will generate a TypeError.
The message will be assumed to be of type text/* encoded with
charset.input_charset. It will be converted to charset.output_charset
and encoded properly, if needed, when generating the plain text
representation of the message. MIME headers (MIME-Version,
Content-Type, Content-Transfer-Encoding) will be added as needed.
set_default_type(self, ctype)
Set the `default' content type.
ctype should be either "text/plain" or "message/rfc822", although this
is not enforced. The default content type is not stored in the
Content-Type header.
set_labels(self, labels) Set the list of labels on the message.
set_param(self, param, value, header='Content-Type', requote=True, charset=None, language='', replace=False)
Set a parameter in the Content-Type header.
If the parameter already exists in the header, its value will be
replaced with the new value.
If header is Content-Type and has not yet been defined for this
message, it will be set to "text/plain" and the new parameter and
value will be appended as per RFC 2045.
An alternate header can be specified in the header argument, and all
parameters will be quoted as necessary unless requote is False.
If charset is specified, the parameter will be encoded according to RFC
2231. Optional language specifies the RFC 2231 language, defaulting
to the empty string. Both charset and language should be strings.
set_payload(self, payload, charset=None)
Set the payload to the given value.
Optional charset sets the message's default character set. See
set_charset() for details.
set_raw(self, name, value)
Store name and value in the model without modification.
This is an "internal" API, intended only for use by a parser.
set_type(self, type, header='Content-Type', requote=True)
Set the main type and subtype for the Content-Type header.
type must be a string in the form "maintype/subtype", otherwise a
ValueError is raised.
This method replaces the Content-Type header, keeping all the
parameters in place. If requote is False, this leaves the existing
header's quoting as is. Otherwise, the parameters will be quoted (the
default).
An alternative header can be specified in the header argument. When
the Content-Type header is set, we'll always also add a MIME-Version
header.
set_unixfrom(self, unixfrom)
set_visible(self, visible) Set the Message representation of visible headers.
update_visible(self) Update and/or sensibly generate a set of visible headers.
values(self)
Return a list of all the message's header values.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
walk(self)
Walk over the message tree, yielding each subpart.
The walk is performed in depth-first order. This method is a
generator.
Raised for module-specific errors.
with_traceback(...)
Exception.with_traceback(tb) --
set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.
args = <attribute 'args' of 'BaseException' objects>
Another process caused an action to fail.
with_traceback(...)
Exception.with_traceback(tb) --
set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.
args = <attribute 'args' of 'BaseException' objects>
A file appears to have an invalid format.
with_traceback(...)
Exception.with_traceback(tb) --
set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.
args = <attribute 'args' of 'BaseException' objects>
Represent a PEP 585 generic type E.g. for t = list[int], t.__origin__ is list and t.__args__ is (int,).
An MH mailbox.
add(self, message) Add message and return assigned key.
add_folder(self, folder) Create a folder and return an MH instance representing it.
clear(self) Delete all messages.
close(self) Flush and close the mailbox.
discard(self, key) If the keyed message exists, remove it.
flush(self) Write any pending changes to the disk.
get(self, key, default=None) Return the keyed message, or default if it doesn't exist.
get_bytes(self, key) Return a bytes representation or raise a KeyError.
get_file(self, key) Return a file-like representation or raise a KeyError.
get_folder(self, folder) Return an MH instance for the named folder.
get_message(self, key) Return a Message representation or raise a KeyError.
get_sequences(self) Return a name-to-key-list dictionary to define each sequence.
get_string(self, key)
Return a string representation or raise a KeyError.
Uses email.message.Message to create a 7bit clean string
representation of the message.
items(self) Return a list of (key, message) tuples. Memory intensive.
iteritems(self) Return an iterator over (key, message) tuples.
iterkeys(self) Return an iterator over keys.
itervalues(self) Return an iterator over all messages.
keys(self) Return a list of keys.
list_folders(self) Return a list of folder names.
lock(self) Lock the mailbox.
pack(self) Re-name messages to eliminate numbering gaps. Invalidates keys.
pop(self, key, default=None) Delete the keyed message and return it, or default.
popitem(self) Delete an arbitrary (key, message) pair and return it.
remove(self, key) Remove the keyed message; raise KeyError if it doesn't exist.
remove_folder(self, folder) Delete the named folder, which must be empty.
set_sequences(self, sequences) Set sequences using the given name-to-key-list dictionary.
unlock(self) Unlock the mailbox if it is locked.
update(self, arg=None) Change the messages that correspond to certain keys.
values(self) Return a list of messages. Memory intensive.
Message with MH-specific properties.
add_header(self, _name, _value, **_params)
Extended header setting.
name is the header field to add. keyword arguments can be used to set
additional parameters for the header field, with underscores converted
to dashes. Normally the parameter will be added as key="value" unless
value is None, in which case only the key will be added. If a
parameter value contains non-ASCII characters it can be specified as a
three-tuple of (charset, language, value), in which case it will be
encoded according to RFC2231 rules. Otherwise it will be encoded using
the utf-8 charset and a language of ''.
Examples:
msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment', filename='bud.gif')
msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
filename=('utf-8', '', Fußballer.ppt'))
msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
filename='Fußballer.ppt'))
add_sequence(self, sequence) Add sequence to list of sequences including the message.
as_bytes(self, unixfrom=False, policy=None)
Return the entire formatted message as a bytes object.
Optional 'unixfrom', when true, means include the Unix From_ envelope
header. 'policy' is passed to the BytesGenerator instance used to
serialize the message; if not specified the policy associated with
the message instance is used.
as_string(self, unixfrom=False, maxheaderlen=0, policy=None)
Return the entire formatted message as a string.
Optional 'unixfrom', when true, means include the Unix From_ envelope
header. For backward compatibility reasons, if maxheaderlen is
not specified it defaults to 0, so you must override it explicitly
if you want a different maxheaderlen. 'policy' is passed to the
Generator instance used to serialize the message; if it is not
specified the policy associated with the message instance is used.
If the message object contains binary data that is not encoded
according to RFC standards, the non-compliant data will be replaced by
unicode "unknown character" code points.
attach(self, payload)
Add the given payload to the current payload.
The current payload will always be a list of objects after this method
is called. If you want to set the payload to a scalar object, use
set_payload() instead.
del_param(self, param, header='content-type', requote=True)
Remove the given parameter completely from the Content-Type header.
The header will be re-written in place without the parameter or its
value. All values will be quoted as necessary unless requote is
False. Optional header specifies an alternative to the Content-Type
header.
get(self, name, failobj=None)
Get a header value.
Like __getitem__() but return failobj instead of None when the field
is missing.
get_all(self, name, failobj=None)
Return a list of all the values for the named field.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, and may contain duplicates. Any fields deleted and
re-inserted are always appended to the header list.
If no such fields exist, failobj is returned (defaults to None).
get_boundary(self, failobj=None)
Return the boundary associated with the payload if present.
The boundary is extracted from the Content-Type header's `boundary'
parameter, and it is unquoted.
get_charset(self)
Return the Charset instance associated with the message's payload.
get_charsets(self, failobj=None)
Return a list containing the charset(s) used in this message.
The returned list of items describes the Content-Type headers'
charset parameter for this message and all the subparts in its
payload.
Each item will either be a string (the value of the charset parameter
in the Content-Type header of that part) or the value of the
'failobj' parameter (defaults to None), if the part does not have a
main MIME type of "text", or the charset is not defined.
The list will contain one string for each part of the message, plus
one for the container message (i.e. self), so that a non-multipart
message will still return a list of length 1.
get_content_charset(self, failobj=None)
Return the charset parameter of the Content-Type header.
The returned string is always coerced to lower case. If there is no
Content-Type header, or if that header has no charset parameter,
failobj is returned.
get_content_disposition(self)
Return the message's content-disposition if it exists, or None.
The return values can be either 'inline', 'attachment' or None
according to the rfc2183.
get_content_maintype(self)
Return the message's main content type.
This is the `maintype' part of the string returned by
get_content_type().
get_content_subtype(self)
Returns the message's sub-content type.
This is the `subtype' part of the string returned by
get_content_type().
get_content_type(self)
Return the message's content type.
The returned string is coerced to lower case of the form
`maintype/subtype'. If there was no Content-Type header in the
message, the default type as given by get_default_type() will be
returned. Since according to RFC 2045, messages always have a default
type this will always return a value.
RFC 2045 defines a message's default type to be text/plain unless it
appears inside a multipart/digest container, in which case it would be
message/rfc822.
get_default_type(self)
Return the `default' content type.
Most messages have a default content type of text/plain, except for
messages that are subparts of multipart/digest containers. Such
subparts have a default content type of message/rfc822.
get_filename(self, failobj=None)
Return the filename associated with the payload if present.
The filename is extracted from the Content-Disposition header's
`filename' parameter, and it is unquoted. If that header is missing
the `filename' parameter, this method falls back to looking for the
`name' parameter.
get_param(self, param, failobj=None, header='content-type', unquote=True)
Return the parameter value if found in the Content-Type header.
Optional failobj is the object to return if there is no Content-Type
header, or the Content-Type header has no such parameter. Optional
header is the header to search instead of Content-Type.
Parameter keys are always compared case insensitively. The return
value can either be a string, or a 3-tuple if the parameter was RFC
2231 encoded. When it's a 3-tuple, the elements of the value are of
the form (CHARSET, LANGUAGE, VALUE). Note that both CHARSET and
LANGUAGE can be None, in which case you should consider VALUE to be
encoded in the us-ascii charset. You can usually ignore LANGUAGE.
The parameter value (either the returned string, or the VALUE item in
the 3-tuple) is always unquoted, unless unquote is set to False.
If your application doesn't care whether the parameter was RFC 2231
encoded, it can turn the return value into a string as follows:
rawparam = msg.get_param('foo')
param = email.utils.collapse_rfc2231_value(rawparam)
get_params(self, failobj=None, header='content-type', unquote=True)
Return the message's Content-Type parameters, as a list.
The elements of the returned list are 2-tuples of key/value pairs, as
split on the `=' sign. The left hand side of the `=' is the key,
while the right hand side is the value. If there is no `=' sign in
the parameter the value is the empty string. The value is as
described in the get_param() method.
Optional failobj is the object to return if there is no Content-Type
header. Optional header is the header to search instead of
Content-Type. If unquote is True, the value is unquoted.
get_payload(self, i=None, decode=False)
Return a reference to the payload.
The payload will either be a list object or a string. If you mutate
the list object, you modify the message's payload in place. Optional
i returns that index into the payload.
Optional decode is a flag indicating whether the payload should be
decoded or not, according to the Content-Transfer-Encoding header
(default is False).
When True and the message is not a multipart, the payload will be
decoded if this header's value is `quoted-printable' or `base64'. If
some other encoding is used, or the header is missing, or if the
payload has bogus data (i.e. bogus base64 or uuencoded data), the
payload is returned as-is.
If the message is a multipart and the decode flag is True, then None
is returned.
get_sequences(self) Return a list of sequences that include the message.
get_unixfrom(self)
is_multipart(self) Return True if the message consists of multiple parts.
items(self)
Get all the message's header fields and values.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
keys(self)
Return a list of all the message's header field names.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
raw_items(self)
Return the (name, value) header pairs without modification.
This is an "internal" API, intended only for use by a generator.
remove_sequence(self, sequence) Remove sequence from the list of sequences including the message.
replace_header(self, _name, _value)
Replace a header.
Replace the first matching header found in the message, retaining
header order and case. If no matching header was found, a KeyError is
raised.
set_boundary(self, boundary)
Set the boundary parameter in Content-Type to 'boundary'.
This is subtly different than deleting the Content-Type header and
adding a new one with a new boundary parameter via add_header(). The
main difference is that using the set_boundary() method preserves the
order of the Content-Type header in the original message.
HeaderParseError is raised if the message has no Content-Type header.
set_charset(self, charset)
Set the charset of the payload to a given character set.
charset can be a Charset instance, a string naming a character set, or
None. If it is a string it will be converted to a Charset instance.
If charset is None, the charset parameter will be removed from the
Content-Type field. Anything else will generate a TypeError.
The message will be assumed to be of type text/* encoded with
charset.input_charset. It will be converted to charset.output_charset
and encoded properly, if needed, when generating the plain text
representation of the message. MIME headers (MIME-Version,
Content-Type, Content-Transfer-Encoding) will be added as needed.
set_default_type(self, ctype)
Set the `default' content type.
ctype should be either "text/plain" or "message/rfc822", although this
is not enforced. The default content type is not stored in the
Content-Type header.
set_param(self, param, value, header='Content-Type', requote=True, charset=None, language='', replace=False)
Set a parameter in the Content-Type header.
If the parameter already exists in the header, its value will be
replaced with the new value.
If header is Content-Type and has not yet been defined for this
message, it will be set to "text/plain" and the new parameter and
value will be appended as per RFC 2045.
An alternate header can be specified in the header argument, and all
parameters will be quoted as necessary unless requote is False.
If charset is specified, the parameter will be encoded according to RFC
2231. Optional language specifies the RFC 2231 language, defaulting
to the empty string. Both charset and language should be strings.
set_payload(self, payload, charset=None)
Set the payload to the given value.
Optional charset sets the message's default character set. See
set_charset() for details.
set_raw(self, name, value)
Store name and value in the model without modification.
This is an "internal" API, intended only for use by a parser.
set_sequences(self, sequences) Set the list of sequences that include the message.
set_type(self, type, header='Content-Type', requote=True)
Set the main type and subtype for the Content-Type header.
type must be a string in the form "maintype/subtype", otherwise a
ValueError is raised.
This method replaces the Content-Type header, keeping all the
parameters in place. If requote is False, this leaves the existing
header's quoting as is. Otherwise, the parameters will be quoted (the
default).
An alternative header can be specified in the header argument. When
the Content-Type header is set, we'll always also add a MIME-Version
header.
set_unixfrom(self, unixfrom)
values(self)
Return a list of all the message's header values.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
walk(self)
Walk over the message tree, yielding each subpart.
The walk is performed in depth-first order. This method is a
generator.
An MMDF mailbox.
add(self, message) Add message and return assigned key.
clear(self) Delete all messages.
close(self) Flush and close the mailbox.
discard(self, key) If the keyed message exists, remove it.
flush(self) Write any pending changes to disk.
get(self, key, default=None) Return the keyed message, or default if it doesn't exist.
get_bytes(self, key, from_=False) Return a string representation or raise a KeyError.
get_file(self, key, from_=False) Return a file-like representation or raise a KeyError.
get_message(self, key) Return a Message representation or raise a KeyError.
get_string(self, key, from_=False) Return a string representation or raise a KeyError.
items(self) Return a list of (key, message) tuples. Memory intensive.
iteritems(self) Return an iterator over (key, message) tuples.
iterkeys(self) Return an iterator over keys.
itervalues(self) Return an iterator over all messages.
keys(self) Return a list of keys.
lock(self) Lock the mailbox.
pop(self, key, default=None) Delete the keyed message and return it, or default.
popitem(self) Delete an arbitrary (key, message) pair and return it.
remove(self, key) Remove the keyed message; raise KeyError if it doesn't exist.
unlock(self) Unlock the mailbox if it is locked.
update(self, arg=None) Change the messages that correspond to certain keys.
values(self) Return a list of messages. Memory intensive.
Message with MMDF-specific properties.
add_flag(self, flag) Set the given flag(s) without changing others.
add_header(self, _name, _value, **_params)
Extended header setting.
name is the header field to add. keyword arguments can be used to set
additional parameters for the header field, with underscores converted
to dashes. Normally the parameter will be added as key="value" unless
value is None, in which case only the key will be added. If a
parameter value contains non-ASCII characters it can be specified as a
three-tuple of (charset, language, value), in which case it will be
encoded according to RFC2231 rules. Otherwise it will be encoded using
the utf-8 charset and a language of ''.
Examples:
msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment', filename='bud.gif')
msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
filename=('utf-8', '', Fußballer.ppt'))
msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
filename='Fußballer.ppt'))
as_bytes(self, unixfrom=False, policy=None)
Return the entire formatted message as a bytes object.
Optional 'unixfrom', when true, means include the Unix From_ envelope
header. 'policy' is passed to the BytesGenerator instance used to
serialize the message; if not specified the policy associated with
the message instance is used.
as_string(self, unixfrom=False, maxheaderlen=0, policy=None)
Return the entire formatted message as a string.
Optional 'unixfrom', when true, means include the Unix From_ envelope
header. For backward compatibility reasons, if maxheaderlen is
not specified it defaults to 0, so you must override it explicitly
if you want a different maxheaderlen. 'policy' is passed to the
Generator instance used to serialize the message; if it is not
specified the policy associated with the message instance is used.
If the message object contains binary data that is not encoded
according to RFC standards, the non-compliant data will be replaced by
unicode "unknown character" code points.
attach(self, payload)
Add the given payload to the current payload.
The current payload will always be a list of objects after this method
is called. If you want to set the payload to a scalar object, use
set_payload() instead.
del_param(self, param, header='content-type', requote=True)
Remove the given parameter completely from the Content-Type header.
The header will be re-written in place without the parameter or its
value. All values will be quoted as necessary unless requote is
False. Optional header specifies an alternative to the Content-Type
header.
get(self, name, failobj=None)
Get a header value.
Like __getitem__() but return failobj instead of None when the field
is missing.
get_all(self, name, failobj=None)
Return a list of all the values for the named field.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, and may contain duplicates. Any fields deleted and
re-inserted are always appended to the header list.
If no such fields exist, failobj is returned (defaults to None).
get_boundary(self, failobj=None)
Return the boundary associated with the payload if present.
The boundary is extracted from the Content-Type header's `boundary'
parameter, and it is unquoted.
get_charset(self)
Return the Charset instance associated with the message's payload.
get_charsets(self, failobj=None)
Return a list containing the charset(s) used in this message.
The returned list of items describes the Content-Type headers'
charset parameter for this message and all the subparts in its
payload.
Each item will either be a string (the value of the charset parameter
in the Content-Type header of that part) or the value of the
'failobj' parameter (defaults to None), if the part does not have a
main MIME type of "text", or the charset is not defined.
The list will contain one string for each part of the message, plus
one for the container message (i.e. self), so that a non-multipart
message will still return a list of length 1.
get_content_charset(self, failobj=None)
Return the charset parameter of the Content-Type header.
The returned string is always coerced to lower case. If there is no
Content-Type header, or if that header has no charset parameter,
failobj is returned.
get_content_disposition(self)
Return the message's content-disposition if it exists, or None.
The return values can be either 'inline', 'attachment' or None
according to the rfc2183.
get_content_maintype(self)
Return the message's main content type.
This is the `maintype' part of the string returned by
get_content_type().
get_content_subtype(self)
Returns the message's sub-content type.
This is the `subtype' part of the string returned by
get_content_type().
get_content_type(self)
Return the message's content type.
The returned string is coerced to lower case of the form
`maintype/subtype'. If there was no Content-Type header in the
message, the default type as given by get_default_type() will be
returned. Since according to RFC 2045, messages always have a default
type this will always return a value.
RFC 2045 defines a message's default type to be text/plain unless it
appears inside a multipart/digest container, in which case it would be
message/rfc822.
get_default_type(self)
Return the `default' content type.
Most messages have a default content type of text/plain, except for
messages that are subparts of multipart/digest containers. Such
subparts have a default content type of message/rfc822.
get_filename(self, failobj=None)
Return the filename associated with the payload if present.
The filename is extracted from the Content-Disposition header's
`filename' parameter, and it is unquoted. If that header is missing
the `filename' parameter, this method falls back to looking for the
`name' parameter.
get_flags(self) Return as a string the flags that are set.
get_from(self) Return contents of "From " line.
get_param(self, param, failobj=None, header='content-type', unquote=True)
Return the parameter value if found in the Content-Type header.
Optional failobj is the object to return if there is no Content-Type
header, or the Content-Type header has no such parameter. Optional
header is the header to search instead of Content-Type.
Parameter keys are always compared case insensitively. The return
value can either be a string, or a 3-tuple if the parameter was RFC
2231 encoded. When it's a 3-tuple, the elements of the value are of
the form (CHARSET, LANGUAGE, VALUE). Note that both CHARSET and
LANGUAGE can be None, in which case you should consider VALUE to be
encoded in the us-ascii charset. You can usually ignore LANGUAGE.
The parameter value (either the returned string, or the VALUE item in
the 3-tuple) is always unquoted, unless unquote is set to False.
If your application doesn't care whether the parameter was RFC 2231
encoded, it can turn the return value into a string as follows:
rawparam = msg.get_param('foo')
param = email.utils.collapse_rfc2231_value(rawparam)
get_params(self, failobj=None, header='content-type', unquote=True)
Return the message's Content-Type parameters, as a list.
The elements of the returned list are 2-tuples of key/value pairs, as
split on the `=' sign. The left hand side of the `=' is the key,
while the right hand side is the value. If there is no `=' sign in
the parameter the value is the empty string. The value is as
described in the get_param() method.
Optional failobj is the object to return if there is no Content-Type
header. Optional header is the header to search instead of
Content-Type. If unquote is True, the value is unquoted.
get_payload(self, i=None, decode=False)
Return a reference to the payload.
The payload will either be a list object or a string. If you mutate
the list object, you modify the message's payload in place. Optional
i returns that index into the payload.
Optional decode is a flag indicating whether the payload should be
decoded or not, according to the Content-Transfer-Encoding header
(default is False).
When True and the message is not a multipart, the payload will be
decoded if this header's value is `quoted-printable' or `base64'. If
some other encoding is used, or the header is missing, or if the
payload has bogus data (i.e. bogus base64 or uuencoded data), the
payload is returned as-is.
If the message is a multipart and the decode flag is True, then None
is returned.
get_unixfrom(self)
is_multipart(self) Return True if the message consists of multiple parts.
items(self)
Get all the message's header fields and values.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
keys(self)
Return a list of all the message's header field names.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
raw_items(self)
Return the (name, value) header pairs without modification.
This is an "internal" API, intended only for use by a generator.
remove_flag(self, flag) Unset the given string flag(s) without changing others.
replace_header(self, _name, _value)
Replace a header.
Replace the first matching header found in the message, retaining
header order and case. If no matching header was found, a KeyError is
raised.
set_boundary(self, boundary)
Set the boundary parameter in Content-Type to 'boundary'.
This is subtly different than deleting the Content-Type header and
adding a new one with a new boundary parameter via add_header(). The
main difference is that using the set_boundary() method preserves the
order of the Content-Type header in the original message.
HeaderParseError is raised if the message has no Content-Type header.
set_charset(self, charset)
Set the charset of the payload to a given character set.
charset can be a Charset instance, a string naming a character set, or
None. If it is a string it will be converted to a Charset instance.
If charset is None, the charset parameter will be removed from the
Content-Type field. Anything else will generate a TypeError.
The message will be assumed to be of type text/* encoded with
charset.input_charset. It will be converted to charset.output_charset
and encoded properly, if needed, when generating the plain text
representation of the message. MIME headers (MIME-Version,
Content-Type, Content-Transfer-Encoding) will be added as needed.
set_default_type(self, ctype)
Set the `default' content type.
ctype should be either "text/plain" or "message/rfc822", although this
is not enforced. The default content type is not stored in the
Content-Type header.
set_flags(self, flags) Set the given flags and unset all others.
set_from(self, from_, time_=None) Set "From " line, formatting and appending time_ if specified.
set_param(self, param, value, header='Content-Type', requote=True, charset=None, language='', replace=False)
Set a parameter in the Content-Type header.
If the parameter already exists in the header, its value will be
replaced with the new value.
If header is Content-Type and has not yet been defined for this
message, it will be set to "text/plain" and the new parameter and
value will be appended as per RFC 2045.
An alternate header can be specified in the header argument, and all
parameters will be quoted as necessary unless requote is False.
If charset is specified, the parameter will be encoded according to RFC
2231. Optional language specifies the RFC 2231 language, defaulting
to the empty string. Both charset and language should be strings.
set_payload(self, payload, charset=None)
Set the payload to the given value.
Optional charset sets the message's default character set. See
set_charset() for details.
set_raw(self, name, value)
Store name and value in the model without modification.
This is an "internal" API, intended only for use by a parser.
set_type(self, type, header='Content-Type', requote=True)
Set the main type and subtype for the Content-Type header.
type must be a string in the form "maintype/subtype", otherwise a
ValueError is raised.
This method replaces the Content-Type header, keeping all the
parameters in place. If requote is False, this leaves the existing
header's quoting as is. Otherwise, the parameters will be quoted (the
default).
An alternative header can be specified in the header argument. When
the Content-Type header is set, we'll always also add a MIME-Version
header.
set_unixfrom(self, unixfrom)
values(self)
Return a list of all the message's header values.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
walk(self)
Walk over the message tree, yielding each subpart.
The walk is performed in depth-first order. This method is a
generator.
A group of messages in a particular place.
add(self, message) Add message and return assigned key.
clear(self) Delete all messages.
close(self) Flush and close the mailbox.
discard(self, key) If the keyed message exists, remove it.
flush(self) Write any pending changes to the disk.
get(self, key, default=None) Return the keyed message, or default if it doesn't exist.
get_bytes(self, key) Return a byte string representation or raise a KeyError.
get_file(self, key) Return a file-like representation or raise a KeyError.
get_message(self, key) Return a Message representation or raise a KeyError.
get_string(self, key)
Return a string representation or raise a KeyError.
Uses email.message.Message to create a 7bit clean string
representation of the message.
items(self) Return a list of (key, message) tuples. Memory intensive.
iteritems(self) Return an iterator over (key, message) tuples.
iterkeys(self) Return an iterator over keys.
itervalues(self) Return an iterator over all messages.
keys(self) Return a list of keys.
lock(self) Lock the mailbox.
pop(self, key, default=None) Delete the keyed message and return it, or default.
popitem(self) Delete an arbitrary (key, message) pair and return it.
remove(self, key) Remove the keyed message; raise KeyError if it doesn't exist.
unlock(self) Unlock the mailbox if it is locked.
update(self, arg=None) Change the messages that correspond to certain keys.
values(self) Return a list of messages. Memory intensive.
A qmail-style Maildir mailbox.
add(self, message) Add message and return assigned key.
add_folder(self, folder) Create a folder and return a Maildir instance representing it.
clean(self) Delete old files in "tmp".
clear(self) Delete all messages.
close(self) Flush and close the mailbox.
discard(self, key) If the keyed message exists, remove it.
flush(self) Write any pending changes to disk.
get(self, key, default=None) Return the keyed message, or default if it doesn't exist.
get_bytes(self, key) Return a bytes representation or raise a KeyError.
get_file(self, key) Return a file-like representation or raise a KeyError.
get_folder(self, folder) Return a Maildir instance for the named folder.
get_message(self, key) Return a Message representation or raise a KeyError.
get_string(self, key)
Return a string representation or raise a KeyError.
Uses email.message.Message to create a 7bit clean string
representation of the message.
items(self) Return a list of (key, message) tuples. Memory intensive.
iteritems(self) Return an iterator over (key, message) tuples.
iterkeys(self) Return an iterator over keys.
itervalues(self) Return an iterator over all messages.
keys(self) Return a list of keys.
list_folders(self) Return a list of folder names.
lock(self) Lock the mailbox.
next(self) Return the next message in a one-time iteration.
pop(self, key, default=None) Delete the keyed message and return it, or default.
popitem(self) Delete an arbitrary (key, message) pair and return it.
remove(self, key) Remove the keyed message; raise KeyError if it doesn't exist.
remove_folder(self, folder) Delete the named folder, which must be empty.
unlock(self) Unlock the mailbox if it is locked.
update(self, arg=None) Change the messages that correspond to certain keys.
values(self) Return a list of messages. Memory intensive.
colon = ':'
Message with Maildir-specific properties.
add_flag(self, flag) Set the given flag(s) without changing others.
add_header(self, _name, _value, **_params)
Extended header setting.
name is the header field to add. keyword arguments can be used to set
additional parameters for the header field, with underscores converted
to dashes. Normally the parameter will be added as key="value" unless
value is None, in which case only the key will be added. If a
parameter value contains non-ASCII characters it can be specified as a
three-tuple of (charset, language, value), in which case it will be
encoded according to RFC2231 rules. Otherwise it will be encoded using
the utf-8 charset and a language of ''.
Examples:
msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment', filename='bud.gif')
msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
filename=('utf-8', '', Fußballer.ppt'))
msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
filename='Fußballer.ppt'))
as_bytes(self, unixfrom=False, policy=None)
Return the entire formatted message as a bytes object.
Optional 'unixfrom', when true, means include the Unix From_ envelope
header. 'policy' is passed to the BytesGenerator instance used to
serialize the message; if not specified the policy associated with
the message instance is used.
as_string(self, unixfrom=False, maxheaderlen=0, policy=None)
Return the entire formatted message as a string.
Optional 'unixfrom', when true, means include the Unix From_ envelope
header. For backward compatibility reasons, if maxheaderlen is
not specified it defaults to 0, so you must override it explicitly
if you want a different maxheaderlen. 'policy' is passed to the
Generator instance used to serialize the message; if it is not
specified the policy associated with the message instance is used.
If the message object contains binary data that is not encoded
according to RFC standards, the non-compliant data will be replaced by
unicode "unknown character" code points.
attach(self, payload)
Add the given payload to the current payload.
The current payload will always be a list of objects after this method
is called. If you want to set the payload to a scalar object, use
set_payload() instead.
del_param(self, param, header='content-type', requote=True)
Remove the given parameter completely from the Content-Type header.
The header will be re-written in place without the parameter or its
value. All values will be quoted as necessary unless requote is
False. Optional header specifies an alternative to the Content-Type
header.
get(self, name, failobj=None)
Get a header value.
Like __getitem__() but return failobj instead of None when the field
is missing.
get_all(self, name, failobj=None)
Return a list of all the values for the named field.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, and may contain duplicates. Any fields deleted and
re-inserted are always appended to the header list.
If no such fields exist, failobj is returned (defaults to None).
get_boundary(self, failobj=None)
Return the boundary associated with the payload if present.
The boundary is extracted from the Content-Type header's `boundary'
parameter, and it is unquoted.
get_charset(self)
Return the Charset instance associated with the message's payload.
get_charsets(self, failobj=None)
Return a list containing the charset(s) used in this message.
The returned list of items describes the Content-Type headers'
charset parameter for this message and all the subparts in its
payload.
Each item will either be a string (the value of the charset parameter
in the Content-Type header of that part) or the value of the
'failobj' parameter (defaults to None), if the part does not have a
main MIME type of "text", or the charset is not defined.
The list will contain one string for each part of the message, plus
one for the container message (i.e. self), so that a non-multipart
message will still return a list of length 1.
get_content_charset(self, failobj=None)
Return the charset parameter of the Content-Type header.
The returned string is always coerced to lower case. If there is no
Content-Type header, or if that header has no charset parameter,
failobj is returned.
get_content_disposition(self)
Return the message's content-disposition if it exists, or None.
The return values can be either 'inline', 'attachment' or None
according to the rfc2183.
get_content_maintype(self)
Return the message's main content type.
This is the `maintype' part of the string returned by
get_content_type().
get_content_subtype(self)
Returns the message's sub-content type.
This is the `subtype' part of the string returned by
get_content_type().
get_content_type(self)
Return the message's content type.
The returned string is coerced to lower case of the form
`maintype/subtype'. If there was no Content-Type header in the
message, the default type as given by get_default_type() will be
returned. Since according to RFC 2045, messages always have a default
type this will always return a value.
RFC 2045 defines a message's default type to be text/plain unless it
appears inside a multipart/digest container, in which case it would be
message/rfc822.
get_date(self) Return delivery date of message, in seconds since the epoch.
get_default_type(self)
Return the `default' content type.
Most messages have a default content type of text/plain, except for
messages that are subparts of multipart/digest containers. Such
subparts have a default content type of message/rfc822.
get_filename(self, failobj=None)
Return the filename associated with the payload if present.
The filename is extracted from the Content-Disposition header's
`filename' parameter, and it is unquoted. If that header is missing
the `filename' parameter, this method falls back to looking for the
`name' parameter.
get_flags(self) Return as a string the flags that are set.
get_info(self) Get the message's "info" as a string.
get_param(self, param, failobj=None, header='content-type', unquote=True)
Return the parameter value if found in the Content-Type header.
Optional failobj is the object to return if there is no Content-Type
header, or the Content-Type header has no such parameter. Optional
header is the header to search instead of Content-Type.
Parameter keys are always compared case insensitively. The return
value can either be a string, or a 3-tuple if the parameter was RFC
2231 encoded. When it's a 3-tuple, the elements of the value are of
the form (CHARSET, LANGUAGE, VALUE). Note that both CHARSET and
LANGUAGE can be None, in which case you should consider VALUE to be
encoded in the us-ascii charset. You can usually ignore LANGUAGE.
The parameter value (either the returned string, or the VALUE item in
the 3-tuple) is always unquoted, unless unquote is set to False.
If your application doesn't care whether the parameter was RFC 2231
encoded, it can turn the return value into a string as follows:
rawparam = msg.get_param('foo')
param = email.utils.collapse_rfc2231_value(rawparam)
get_params(self, failobj=None, header='content-type', unquote=True)
Return the message's Content-Type parameters, as a list.
The elements of the returned list are 2-tuples of key/value pairs, as
split on the `=' sign. The left hand side of the `=' is the key,
while the right hand side is the value. If there is no `=' sign in
the parameter the value is the empty string. The value is as
described in the get_param() method.
Optional failobj is the object to return if there is no Content-Type
header. Optional header is the header to search instead of
Content-Type. If unquote is True, the value is unquoted.
get_payload(self, i=None, decode=False)
Return a reference to the payload.
The payload will either be a list object or a string. If you mutate
the list object, you modify the message's payload in place. Optional
i returns that index into the payload.
Optional decode is a flag indicating whether the payload should be
decoded or not, according to the Content-Transfer-Encoding header
(default is False).
When True and the message is not a multipart, the payload will be
decoded if this header's value is `quoted-printable' or `base64'. If
some other encoding is used, or the header is missing, or if the
payload has bogus data (i.e. bogus base64 or uuencoded data), the
payload is returned as-is.
If the message is a multipart and the decode flag is True, then None
is returned.
get_subdir(self) Return 'new' or 'cur'.
get_unixfrom(self)
is_multipart(self) Return True if the message consists of multiple parts.
items(self)
Get all the message's header fields and values.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
keys(self)
Return a list of all the message's header field names.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
raw_items(self)
Return the (name, value) header pairs without modification.
This is an "internal" API, intended only for use by a generator.
remove_flag(self, flag) Unset the given string flag(s) without changing others.
replace_header(self, _name, _value)
Replace a header.
Replace the first matching header found in the message, retaining
header order and case. If no matching header was found, a KeyError is
raised.
set_boundary(self, boundary)
Set the boundary parameter in Content-Type to 'boundary'.
This is subtly different than deleting the Content-Type header and
adding a new one with a new boundary parameter via add_header(). The
main difference is that using the set_boundary() method preserves the
order of the Content-Type header in the original message.
HeaderParseError is raised if the message has no Content-Type header.
set_charset(self, charset)
Set the charset of the payload to a given character set.
charset can be a Charset instance, a string naming a character set, or
None. If it is a string it will be converted to a Charset instance.
If charset is None, the charset parameter will be removed from the
Content-Type field. Anything else will generate a TypeError.
The message will be assumed to be of type text/* encoded with
charset.input_charset. It will be converted to charset.output_charset
and encoded properly, if needed, when generating the plain text
representation of the message. MIME headers (MIME-Version,
Content-Type, Content-Transfer-Encoding) will be added as needed.
set_date(self, date) Set delivery date of message, in seconds since the epoch.
set_default_type(self, ctype)
Set the `default' content type.
ctype should be either "text/plain" or "message/rfc822", although this
is not enforced. The default content type is not stored in the
Content-Type header.
set_flags(self, flags) Set the given flags and unset all others.
set_info(self, info) Set the message's "info" string.
set_param(self, param, value, header='Content-Type', requote=True, charset=None, language='', replace=False)
Set a parameter in the Content-Type header.
If the parameter already exists in the header, its value will be
replaced with the new value.
If header is Content-Type and has not yet been defined for this
message, it will be set to "text/plain" and the new parameter and
value will be appended as per RFC 2045.
An alternate header can be specified in the header argument, and all
parameters will be quoted as necessary unless requote is False.
If charset is specified, the parameter will be encoded according to RFC
2231. Optional language specifies the RFC 2231 language, defaulting
to the empty string. Both charset and language should be strings.
set_payload(self, payload, charset=None)
Set the payload to the given value.
Optional charset sets the message's default character set. See
set_charset() for details.
set_raw(self, name, value)
Store name and value in the model without modification.
This is an "internal" API, intended only for use by a parser.
set_subdir(self, subdir) Set subdir to 'new' or 'cur'.
set_type(self, type, header='Content-Type', requote=True)
Set the main type and subtype for the Content-Type header.
type must be a string in the form "maintype/subtype", otherwise a
ValueError is raised.
This method replaces the Content-Type header, keeping all the
parameters in place. If requote is False, this leaves the existing
header's quoting as is. Otherwise, the parameters will be quoted (the
default).
An alternative header can be specified in the header argument. When
the Content-Type header is set, we'll always also add a MIME-Version
header.
set_unixfrom(self, unixfrom)
values(self)
Return a list of all the message's header values.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
walk(self)
Walk over the message tree, yielding each subpart.
The walk is performed in depth-first order. This method is a
generator.
Message with mailbox-format-specific properties.
add_header(self, _name, _value, **_params)
Extended header setting.
name is the header field to add. keyword arguments can be used to set
additional parameters for the header field, with underscores converted
to dashes. Normally the parameter will be added as key="value" unless
value is None, in which case only the key will be added. If a
parameter value contains non-ASCII characters it can be specified as a
three-tuple of (charset, language, value), in which case it will be
encoded according to RFC2231 rules. Otherwise it will be encoded using
the utf-8 charset and a language of ''.
Examples:
msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment', filename='bud.gif')
msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
filename=('utf-8', '', Fußballer.ppt'))
msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
filename='Fußballer.ppt'))
as_bytes(self, unixfrom=False, policy=None)
Return the entire formatted message as a bytes object.
Optional 'unixfrom', when true, means include the Unix From_ envelope
header. 'policy' is passed to the BytesGenerator instance used to
serialize the message; if not specified the policy associated with
the message instance is used.
as_string(self, unixfrom=False, maxheaderlen=0, policy=None)
Return the entire formatted message as a string.
Optional 'unixfrom', when true, means include the Unix From_ envelope
header. For backward compatibility reasons, if maxheaderlen is
not specified it defaults to 0, so you must override it explicitly
if you want a different maxheaderlen. 'policy' is passed to the
Generator instance used to serialize the message; if it is not
specified the policy associated with the message instance is used.
If the message object contains binary data that is not encoded
according to RFC standards, the non-compliant data will be replaced by
unicode "unknown character" code points.
attach(self, payload)
Add the given payload to the current payload.
The current payload will always be a list of objects after this method
is called. If you want to set the payload to a scalar object, use
set_payload() instead.
del_param(self, param, header='content-type', requote=True)
Remove the given parameter completely from the Content-Type header.
The header will be re-written in place without the parameter or its
value. All values will be quoted as necessary unless requote is
False. Optional header specifies an alternative to the Content-Type
header.
get(self, name, failobj=None)
Get a header value.
Like __getitem__() but return failobj instead of None when the field
is missing.
get_all(self, name, failobj=None)
Return a list of all the values for the named field.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, and may contain duplicates. Any fields deleted and
re-inserted are always appended to the header list.
If no such fields exist, failobj is returned (defaults to None).
get_boundary(self, failobj=None)
Return the boundary associated with the payload if present.
The boundary is extracted from the Content-Type header's `boundary'
parameter, and it is unquoted.
get_charset(self)
Return the Charset instance associated with the message's payload.
get_charsets(self, failobj=None)
Return a list containing the charset(s) used in this message.
The returned list of items describes the Content-Type headers'
charset parameter for this message and all the subparts in its
payload.
Each item will either be a string (the value of the charset parameter
in the Content-Type header of that part) or the value of the
'failobj' parameter (defaults to None), if the part does not have a
main MIME type of "text", or the charset is not defined.
The list will contain one string for each part of the message, plus
one for the container message (i.e. self), so that a non-multipart
message will still return a list of length 1.
get_content_charset(self, failobj=None)
Return the charset parameter of the Content-Type header.
The returned string is always coerced to lower case. If there is no
Content-Type header, or if that header has no charset parameter,
failobj is returned.
get_content_disposition(self)
Return the message's content-disposition if it exists, or None.
The return values can be either 'inline', 'attachment' or None
according to the rfc2183.
get_content_maintype(self)
Return the message's main content type.
This is the `maintype' part of the string returned by
get_content_type().
get_content_subtype(self)
Returns the message's sub-content type.
This is the `subtype' part of the string returned by
get_content_type().
get_content_type(self)
Return the message's content type.
The returned string is coerced to lower case of the form
`maintype/subtype'. If there was no Content-Type header in the
message, the default type as given by get_default_type() will be
returned. Since according to RFC 2045, messages always have a default
type this will always return a value.
RFC 2045 defines a message's default type to be text/plain unless it
appears inside a multipart/digest container, in which case it would be
message/rfc822.
get_default_type(self)
Return the `default' content type.
Most messages have a default content type of text/plain, except for
messages that are subparts of multipart/digest containers. Such
subparts have a default content type of message/rfc822.
get_filename(self, failobj=None)
Return the filename associated with the payload if present.
The filename is extracted from the Content-Disposition header's
`filename' parameter, and it is unquoted. If that header is missing
the `filename' parameter, this method falls back to looking for the
`name' parameter.
get_param(self, param, failobj=None, header='content-type', unquote=True)
Return the parameter value if found in the Content-Type header.
Optional failobj is the object to return if there is no Content-Type
header, or the Content-Type header has no such parameter. Optional
header is the header to search instead of Content-Type.
Parameter keys are always compared case insensitively. The return
value can either be a string, or a 3-tuple if the parameter was RFC
2231 encoded. When it's a 3-tuple, the elements of the value are of
the form (CHARSET, LANGUAGE, VALUE). Note that both CHARSET and
LANGUAGE can be None, in which case you should consider VALUE to be
encoded in the us-ascii charset. You can usually ignore LANGUAGE.
The parameter value (either the returned string, or the VALUE item in
the 3-tuple) is always unquoted, unless unquote is set to False.
If your application doesn't care whether the parameter was RFC 2231
encoded, it can turn the return value into a string as follows:
rawparam = msg.get_param('foo')
param = email.utils.collapse_rfc2231_value(rawparam)
get_params(self, failobj=None, header='content-type', unquote=True)
Return the message's Content-Type parameters, as a list.
The elements of the returned list are 2-tuples of key/value pairs, as
split on the `=' sign. The left hand side of the `=' is the key,
while the right hand side is the value. If there is no `=' sign in
the parameter the value is the empty string. The value is as
described in the get_param() method.
Optional failobj is the object to return if there is no Content-Type
header. Optional header is the header to search instead of
Content-Type. If unquote is True, the value is unquoted.
get_payload(self, i=None, decode=False)
Return a reference to the payload.
The payload will either be a list object or a string. If you mutate
the list object, you modify the message's payload in place. Optional
i returns that index into the payload.
Optional decode is a flag indicating whether the payload should be
decoded or not, according to the Content-Transfer-Encoding header
(default is False).
When True and the message is not a multipart, the payload will be
decoded if this header's value is `quoted-printable' or `base64'. If
some other encoding is used, or the header is missing, or if the
payload has bogus data (i.e. bogus base64 or uuencoded data), the
payload is returned as-is.
If the message is a multipart and the decode flag is True, then None
is returned.
get_unixfrom(self)
is_multipart(self) Return True if the message consists of multiple parts.
items(self)
Get all the message's header fields and values.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
keys(self)
Return a list of all the message's header field names.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
raw_items(self)
Return the (name, value) header pairs without modification.
This is an "internal" API, intended only for use by a generator.
replace_header(self, _name, _value)
Replace a header.
Replace the first matching header found in the message, retaining
header order and case. If no matching header was found, a KeyError is
raised.
set_boundary(self, boundary)
Set the boundary parameter in Content-Type to 'boundary'.
This is subtly different than deleting the Content-Type header and
adding a new one with a new boundary parameter via add_header(). The
main difference is that using the set_boundary() method preserves the
order of the Content-Type header in the original message.
HeaderParseError is raised if the message has no Content-Type header.
set_charset(self, charset)
Set the charset of the payload to a given character set.
charset can be a Charset instance, a string naming a character set, or
None. If it is a string it will be converted to a Charset instance.
If charset is None, the charset parameter will be removed from the
Content-Type field. Anything else will generate a TypeError.
The message will be assumed to be of type text/* encoded with
charset.input_charset. It will be converted to charset.output_charset
and encoded properly, if needed, when generating the plain text
representation of the message. MIME headers (MIME-Version,
Content-Type, Content-Transfer-Encoding) will be added as needed.
set_default_type(self, ctype)
Set the `default' content type.
ctype should be either "text/plain" or "message/rfc822", although this
is not enforced. The default content type is not stored in the
Content-Type header.
set_param(self, param, value, header='Content-Type', requote=True, charset=None, language='', replace=False)
Set a parameter in the Content-Type header.
If the parameter already exists in the header, its value will be
replaced with the new value.
If header is Content-Type and has not yet been defined for this
message, it will be set to "text/plain" and the new parameter and
value will be appended as per RFC 2045.
An alternate header can be specified in the header argument, and all
parameters will be quoted as necessary unless requote is False.
If charset is specified, the parameter will be encoded according to RFC
2231. Optional language specifies the RFC 2231 language, defaulting
to the empty string. Both charset and language should be strings.
set_payload(self, payload, charset=None)
Set the payload to the given value.
Optional charset sets the message's default character set. See
set_charset() for details.
set_raw(self, name, value)
Store name and value in the model without modification.
This is an "internal" API, intended only for use by a parser.
set_type(self, type, header='Content-Type', requote=True)
Set the main type and subtype for the Content-Type header.
type must be a string in the form "maintype/subtype", otherwise a
ValueError is raised.
This method replaces the Content-Type header, keeping all the
parameters in place. If requote is False, this leaves the existing
header's quoting as is. Otherwise, the parameters will be quoted (the
default).
An alternative header can be specified in the header argument. When
the Content-Type header is set, we'll always also add a MIME-Version
header.
set_unixfrom(self, unixfrom)
values(self)
Return a list of all the message's header values.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
walk(self)
Walk over the message tree, yielding each subpart.
The walk is performed in depth-first order. This method is a
generator.
The specified mailbox does not exist and won't be created.
with_traceback(...)
Exception.with_traceback(tb) --
set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.
args = <attribute 'args' of 'BaseException' objects>
The specified mailbox is not empty and deletion was requested.
with_traceback(...)
Exception.with_traceback(tb) --
set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.
args = <attribute 'args' of 'BaseException' objects>
A classic mbox mailbox.
add(self, message) Add message and return assigned key.
clear(self) Delete all messages.
close(self) Flush and close the mailbox.
discard(self, key) If the keyed message exists, remove it.
flush(self) Write any pending changes to disk.
get(self, key, default=None) Return the keyed message, or default if it doesn't exist.
get_bytes(self, key, from_=False) Return a string representation or raise a KeyError.
get_file(self, key, from_=False) Return a file-like representation or raise a KeyError.
get_message(self, key) Return a Message representation or raise a KeyError.
get_string(self, key, from_=False) Return a string representation or raise a KeyError.
items(self) Return a list of (key, message) tuples. Memory intensive.
iteritems(self) Return an iterator over (key, message) tuples.
iterkeys(self) Return an iterator over keys.
itervalues(self) Return an iterator over all messages.
keys(self) Return a list of keys.
lock(self) Lock the mailbox.
pop(self, key, default=None) Delete the keyed message and return it, or default.
popitem(self) Delete an arbitrary (key, message) pair and return it.
remove(self, key) Remove the keyed message; raise KeyError if it doesn't exist.
unlock(self) Unlock the mailbox if it is locked.
update(self, arg=None) Change the messages that correspond to certain keys.
values(self) Return a list of messages. Memory intensive.
Message with mbox-specific properties.
add_flag(self, flag) Set the given flag(s) without changing others.
add_header(self, _name, _value, **_params)
Extended header setting.
name is the header field to add. keyword arguments can be used to set
additional parameters for the header field, with underscores converted
to dashes. Normally the parameter will be added as key="value" unless
value is None, in which case only the key will be added. If a
parameter value contains non-ASCII characters it can be specified as a
three-tuple of (charset, language, value), in which case it will be
encoded according to RFC2231 rules. Otherwise it will be encoded using
the utf-8 charset and a language of ''.
Examples:
msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment', filename='bud.gif')
msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
filename=('utf-8', '', Fußballer.ppt'))
msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
filename='Fußballer.ppt'))
as_bytes(self, unixfrom=False, policy=None)
Return the entire formatted message as a bytes object.
Optional 'unixfrom', when true, means include the Unix From_ envelope
header. 'policy' is passed to the BytesGenerator instance used to
serialize the message; if not specified the policy associated with
the message instance is used.
as_string(self, unixfrom=False, maxheaderlen=0, policy=None)
Return the entire formatted message as a string.
Optional 'unixfrom', when true, means include the Unix From_ envelope
header. For backward compatibility reasons, if maxheaderlen is
not specified it defaults to 0, so you must override it explicitly
if you want a different maxheaderlen. 'policy' is passed to the
Generator instance used to serialize the message; if it is not
specified the policy associated with the message instance is used.
If the message object contains binary data that is not encoded
according to RFC standards, the non-compliant data will be replaced by
unicode "unknown character" code points.
attach(self, payload)
Add the given payload to the current payload.
The current payload will always be a list of objects after this method
is called. If you want to set the payload to a scalar object, use
set_payload() instead.
del_param(self, param, header='content-type', requote=True)
Remove the given parameter completely from the Content-Type header.
The header will be re-written in place without the parameter or its
value. All values will be quoted as necessary unless requote is
False. Optional header specifies an alternative to the Content-Type
header.
get(self, name, failobj=None)
Get a header value.
Like __getitem__() but return failobj instead of None when the field
is missing.
get_all(self, name, failobj=None)
Return a list of all the values for the named field.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, and may contain duplicates. Any fields deleted and
re-inserted are always appended to the header list.
If no such fields exist, failobj is returned (defaults to None).
get_boundary(self, failobj=None)
Return the boundary associated with the payload if present.
The boundary is extracted from the Content-Type header's `boundary'
parameter, and it is unquoted.
get_charset(self)
Return the Charset instance associated with the message's payload.
get_charsets(self, failobj=None)
Return a list containing the charset(s) used in this message.
The returned list of items describes the Content-Type headers'
charset parameter for this message and all the subparts in its
payload.
Each item will either be a string (the value of the charset parameter
in the Content-Type header of that part) or the value of the
'failobj' parameter (defaults to None), if the part does not have a
main MIME type of "text", or the charset is not defined.
The list will contain one string for each part of the message, plus
one for the container message (i.e. self), so that a non-multipart
message will still return a list of length 1.
get_content_charset(self, failobj=None)
Return the charset parameter of the Content-Type header.
The returned string is always coerced to lower case. If there is no
Content-Type header, or if that header has no charset parameter,
failobj is returned.
get_content_disposition(self)
Return the message's content-disposition if it exists, or None.
The return values can be either 'inline', 'attachment' or None
according to the rfc2183.
get_content_maintype(self)
Return the message's main content type.
This is the `maintype' part of the string returned by
get_content_type().
get_content_subtype(self)
Returns the message's sub-content type.
This is the `subtype' part of the string returned by
get_content_type().
get_content_type(self)
Return the message's content type.
The returned string is coerced to lower case of the form
`maintype/subtype'. If there was no Content-Type header in the
message, the default type as given by get_default_type() will be
returned. Since according to RFC 2045, messages always have a default
type this will always return a value.
RFC 2045 defines a message's default type to be text/plain unless it
appears inside a multipart/digest container, in which case it would be
message/rfc822.
get_default_type(self)
Return the `default' content type.
Most messages have a default content type of text/plain, except for
messages that are subparts of multipart/digest containers. Such
subparts have a default content type of message/rfc822.
get_filename(self, failobj=None)
Return the filename associated with the payload if present.
The filename is extracted from the Content-Disposition header's
`filename' parameter, and it is unquoted. If that header is missing
the `filename' parameter, this method falls back to looking for the
`name' parameter.
get_flags(self) Return as a string the flags that are set.
get_from(self) Return contents of "From " line.
get_param(self, param, failobj=None, header='content-type', unquote=True)
Return the parameter value if found in the Content-Type header.
Optional failobj is the object to return if there is no Content-Type
header, or the Content-Type header has no such parameter. Optional
header is the header to search instead of Content-Type.
Parameter keys are always compared case insensitively. The return
value can either be a string, or a 3-tuple if the parameter was RFC
2231 encoded. When it's a 3-tuple, the elements of the value are of
the form (CHARSET, LANGUAGE, VALUE). Note that both CHARSET and
LANGUAGE can be None, in which case you should consider VALUE to be
encoded in the us-ascii charset. You can usually ignore LANGUAGE.
The parameter value (either the returned string, or the VALUE item in
the 3-tuple) is always unquoted, unless unquote is set to False.
If your application doesn't care whether the parameter was RFC 2231
encoded, it can turn the return value into a string as follows:
rawparam = msg.get_param('foo')
param = email.utils.collapse_rfc2231_value(rawparam)
get_params(self, failobj=None, header='content-type', unquote=True)
Return the message's Content-Type parameters, as a list.
The elements of the returned list are 2-tuples of key/value pairs, as
split on the `=' sign. The left hand side of the `=' is the key,
while the right hand side is the value. If there is no `=' sign in
the parameter the value is the empty string. The value is as
described in the get_param() method.
Optional failobj is the object to return if there is no Content-Type
header. Optional header is the header to search instead of
Content-Type. If unquote is True, the value is unquoted.
get_payload(self, i=None, decode=False)
Return a reference to the payload.
The payload will either be a list object or a string. If you mutate
the list object, you modify the message's payload in place. Optional
i returns that index into the payload.
Optional decode is a flag indicating whether the payload should be
decoded or not, according to the Content-Transfer-Encoding header
(default is False).
When True and the message is not a multipart, the payload will be
decoded if this header's value is `quoted-printable' or `base64'. If
some other encoding is used, or the header is missing, or if the
payload has bogus data (i.e. bogus base64 or uuencoded data), the
payload is returned as-is.
If the message is a multipart and the decode flag is True, then None
is returned.
get_unixfrom(self)
is_multipart(self) Return True if the message consists of multiple parts.
items(self)
Get all the message's header fields and values.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
keys(self)
Return a list of all the message's header field names.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
raw_items(self)
Return the (name, value) header pairs without modification.
This is an "internal" API, intended only for use by a generator.
remove_flag(self, flag) Unset the given string flag(s) without changing others.
replace_header(self, _name, _value)
Replace a header.
Replace the first matching header found in the message, retaining
header order and case. If no matching header was found, a KeyError is
raised.
set_boundary(self, boundary)
Set the boundary parameter in Content-Type to 'boundary'.
This is subtly different than deleting the Content-Type header and
adding a new one with a new boundary parameter via add_header(). The
main difference is that using the set_boundary() method preserves the
order of the Content-Type header in the original message.
HeaderParseError is raised if the message has no Content-Type header.
set_charset(self, charset)
Set the charset of the payload to a given character set.
charset can be a Charset instance, a string naming a character set, or
None. If it is a string it will be converted to a Charset instance.
If charset is None, the charset parameter will be removed from the
Content-Type field. Anything else will generate a TypeError.
The message will be assumed to be of type text/* encoded with
charset.input_charset. It will be converted to charset.output_charset
and encoded properly, if needed, when generating the plain text
representation of the message. MIME headers (MIME-Version,
Content-Type, Content-Transfer-Encoding) will be added as needed.
set_default_type(self, ctype)
Set the `default' content type.
ctype should be either "text/plain" or "message/rfc822", although this
is not enforced. The default content type is not stored in the
Content-Type header.
set_flags(self, flags) Set the given flags and unset all others.
set_from(self, from_, time_=None) Set "From " line, formatting and appending time_ if specified.
set_param(self, param, value, header='Content-Type', requote=True, charset=None, language='', replace=False)
Set a parameter in the Content-Type header.
If the parameter already exists in the header, its value will be
replaced with the new value.
If header is Content-Type and has not yet been defined for this
message, it will be set to "text/plain" and the new parameter and
value will be appended as per RFC 2045.
An alternate header can be specified in the header argument, and all
parameters will be quoted as necessary unless requote is False.
If charset is specified, the parameter will be encoded according to RFC
2231. Optional language specifies the RFC 2231 language, defaulting
to the empty string. Both charset and language should be strings.
set_payload(self, payload, charset=None)
Set the payload to the given value.
Optional charset sets the message's default character set. See
set_charset() for details.
set_raw(self, name, value)
Store name and value in the model without modification.
This is an "internal" API, intended only for use by a parser.
set_type(self, type, header='Content-Type', requote=True)
Set the main type and subtype for the Content-Type header.
type must be a string in the form "maintype/subtype", otherwise a
ValueError is raised.
This method replaces the Content-Type header, keeping all the
parameters in place. If requote is False, this leaves the existing
header's quoting as is. Otherwise, the parameters will be quoted (the
default).
An alternative header can be specified in the header argument. When
the Content-Type header is set, we'll always also add a MIME-Version
header.
set_unixfrom(self, unixfrom)
values(self)
Return a list of all the message's header values.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
walk(self)
Walk over the message tree, yielding each subpart.
The walk is performed in depth-first order. This method is a
generator.
linesep = b'\n'