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I M P R I N T
The Newsletter of Digital Typography
Volume 1 Number 6
Contents copyright (c) 1997 by Robert A. Kiesling
and the contributors of IMPRINT.
All rights reserved.
To subscribe, send news, or comment, email to:
imprint@macline.com
In this issue:
How to arrange book pages in signatures and quires with PSUtils.
Installing Type 1 fonts under MikTeX, by John H. Steele.
TeX and troff underlining -- more than possible, it's easy.
HTML 4.0 to provide JAVA objects, international character sets.
Excalibur 2.5 supports AppleEvents, adds Catalan dictionary.
ImageMagick, the workstation graphics system, available for Linux.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
From the editor -- playing catch-up.
One project begets another, it seems. I didn't mention Thomas Merz'
Ghostscript manual in my review of Ghostscript 5.0 (IMPRINT Vol. 1 No.
5). The omission had nothing to do with the manual itself. I simply
wanted to print the PDF, two-up document to test of Ghostscript's
abilities.. Per Merz' instructions, I translated the file into
PostScript with pdf2ps. Then, its orientation was incorrect. The
pages were in portrait orientation, which meant that only the
left-hand pages would fit on letter-size paper.
This led me to the PSUtils package, but pstops had trouble
manipulating the PostScript output of pdf2ps.
Ghostscript 5.0 has no difficulty reading PDF files directly. It was
simply a matter of converting the PDF file into printer-ready Hewlett
Packard PCL. Add one more item to the list of things which
Ghostscript does well.
Merz's Ghostscript manual is actually an appendix of his "PostScript &
Acrobat/PDF: Applications, Troubleshooting, and Cross-Platform
Publishing." The manual is worth looking at, if only to study the
design. It's free, at the following URLs:
http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/
http://www.muc.de/~tm/.
And I wrote the PSUtils story, too.
To help MS Windows users get out of the office this summer, John H.
Steele, jsteele@coco.ece.cmu.edu, has contributed his tutorial/
reference for installing Computer Modern and Euler Type 1 fonts under
MiKTeX. The tutorial is a must-read for all MS Windows users trying
to decide whether to spend their time outside working on their tans,
or in the office trying to achieve professional output. A more
concise description of the installation process would be hard to find.
The usual disclaimers apply. Use the code presented here at your own
risk, please dress appropriately, and use a sun block rated SPF 5 or
greater.
Robert Kiesling
Editor, IMPRINT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How to arrange book pages in signatures and quires with PSUtils.
The advantages of using PSUtils to post-process PostScript files is
that the UNIX package, written by Angus J. C. Duggan, is compatible
with most common variations of standard PostScript and has the ability
to perform athletic formatting feats on PostScript files which could
otherwise be accomplished only with expensive, proprietary, or
specialized software.
PSUtils includes these programs:
psbook: Arrange pages into signatures.
psselect: Select pages from a file.
pstops: Select and arrange pages in a file.
psnup: Print multiple pages per sheet.
epsffit: Fit Encapsulated PostScript files into constrained size.
psresize: Scale documents for differently-sized sheets.
psmerge: Merge several files into one.
fixscribeps: Filter Scribe documents for psutils.
getafm: Create an AFM file of a font.
fixdlsrps: Filter DVILaser/PS files for psutils.
fixfmps: Filter FrameMaker documents for psutils.
fixmacps: Filter Mac files with "saner" version of PS prologue.
fixditsps: Filter Transcript's psdit program for psutils.
fixpspps: Filter PSPrint output.
fixwfwps: Filter Word For Windows output.
fixwpps: Filter WordPerfect output.
fixwwps: Filter Windows Write output.
extractres: Extract a file's resources.
includeres: Include resources in a file.
psselect selects odd, even, or an arbitrary list of pages from a
PostScript file. For example:
$ psselect -o term_paper.ps odd_pages.ps
exports the odd pages of the file term_paper.ps to the file
odd_pages.ps, and
$ psselect -e term_paper.ps even_pages.ps
selects the even pages. For two-sided printing of term_paper.ps,
first print odd_pages.ps. Then, if your printer outputs sheets in
reverse order, re-collate the pages so that they are in the correct
order. Re-insert the signature with the odd-numbered pages face-up in
the printer's in tray, with the top of the pages toward the print head,
and print even_pages.ps.
To avoid re-collating pages which are stacked in reverse order, use a
program like, dvips with the -r command-line switch. A UNIX shell
script which automates two-sided printing might look like:
$ dvips -f -r <term_paper.dvi >term_paper.ps
$ psselect -o term_paper.ps odd_pages.ps
$ dvips -f <term_paper.dvi >term_paper.ps
$ psselect -e term_paper.ps even_pages.ps
After printing odd_pages.ps, take the signature of odd pages, rotate
it 180 degrees with the printed side still facing upward, and
re-insert the signature in the printer's input tray. Then, print
even_pages.ps.
Books are commonly printed two-up or four-up -- two or four pages per
side of the paper, respectively. Printing book signatures requires
two steps. First, psbook arranges pages into signatures before the
quires can be printed. psbook also takes partial signatures into
account. That is, psbook will insert blank pages if NUMBER_OF_PAGES
mod 4 > 0. psbook defaults to four-page quires, so it requires no
special parameters for two-sided, two-up printing, only the input and
output filenames.
$ psbook term_paper.ps signature.ps
The next step depends on the type of PostScript output you began with,
and whether you want the printed signatures to emerge from the printer
with printing on both sides. Two programs of the PSUtils package can
print quires: psnup and pstops. psnup is the simpler of the two to
use: it prints the number of pages you specify per sheet.
$ psnup -2 signature.ps four-up.ps
This will print two pages per sheet, one-sided.
Incidentally, if you want to print a folded 'zine, you might use the
command
$ psnup -4 signature.ps eight-up.ps
which will print four pages per side.
To print quires on both sides of the sheet, pstops can be used.
However, pstops seems to have trouble with dvips output. You can use
groff, or just about any word processing or DTP program that outputs
PostScript as an alternative.
[If you must use TeX DVI output, try dvidvi, by Tomas Rokicki,
rokicki@cs.stanford.edu, the author of dvips. dvidvi is available at
ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/ctan/tex-archive/dviware/dvidvi/.]
The arguments to pstops are terse and complex, reflecting the
flexibility of the program. Essentially, you specify the modulo for
the page blocks, and then the shift, rotation, and scaling of the
blocks' pages. You also specify a starting page number for each page.
Specifying a negative starting page number tells pstops to print the
pages in reverse order. For example, to arrange the quires of a
two-up booklet, with two U.S. Letter-sized pages scaled and rotated
to fit side-by-side on a single, U.S. Letter sheet, on both sides, you
would issue the commands
$ pstops 4:-3L@.7+0L@.7 signature.ps front_side.ps
for the front side, and
$ pstops 4:1L@.7+-2L@.7 signature.ps front_side.ps
for the back side. Note that, for two-sided printing, half the pages
must be printed in reverse order.
The psutils package, in source code form, is available at
ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/ctan/tex-archive/support/psutils/
and its mirror sites, or the PSUtils Home Page:
http://www.tardis.ed.ac.uk/~ajcd/psutils/
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installing Type 1 fonts under MikTeX, by John H. Steele.
by John H. Steele, jsteele@coco.ece.cmu.edu
In March, a consortium of scientific publishers and commercial TeX
developers released PostScript Type 1 versions of the Computer Modern
fonts. Although the fonts are freely distributable, the American
Mathematical Society maintains a copyright to insure that the fonts
are not altered.
While TeX and DVI do not deal directly with PostScript, these fonts
can be included in final PostScript or PDF versions of documents.
Without PostScript Type 1 fonts, these final documents include
embedded PostScript bitmapped fonts, which results in much larger
output file sizes.
MiKTeX is a popular freeware distribution of TeX for Windows 95 and
NT. It is available from the MiKTeX Home Page (see the end of the
article for the URL).
Unfortunately, configuring MiKTeX v1.07 to recognize and embed Type 1
fonts into final PostScript is not well documented. Most of the
procedure involves configuring DVIPS, the utility MiKTeX uses to
produce PostScript output. The instructions below assume that you
have installed MiKTeX in the default directory c:\texmf.
Appendix A explains how to supplement the AMS CM fonts with PS Type 1
versions of the AMS Euler math fonts. After obtaining these additional
Type 1 fonts, the installation instructions can be followed with
slight modifications to install these fonts.
Appendix B enumerates a few other issues concerning MiKTeX v1.07 that may
be of interest to users.
=============================================================================
Installing AMS Computer Modern (CM) PostScript (PS)
Fonts into the MiKTeX v 1.07 TeX distribution:
=============================================================================
0. Obtain BSR PS CM fonts from CTAN
* The AMS versions of PS Type 1 Computer Modern are available from CTAN at
http://tug2.cs.umb.edu/ctan/tex-archive/fonts/cm/ps-type1/bluesky/index.html
The set is also available from the AMS at
ftp://e-math.ams.org/pub/tex/cmfonts/ps.
1. Choose a location to install your fonts.
* (e.g.: c:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1)
2. Copy the pfb and pfm directories of the AMS PS CM font distribution
to the path you chose in step 1.
3. Create a MAP file which tells DVIPS where to find PS versions of
the CM fonts.
* Each line of this file refers to one font. The format is:
TeX_font_name PostScript_font_name <full_path_to_pfb_file
The optional "<" symbol in front of the PFB file name tells
DVIPS to embed this font file in the PostScript output. Because
few printers have the TeX fonts installed, I would suggest
setting all of the CM fonts to be embedded in your documents.
* Appendix C contains a copy of my local MAP file. You may need to
modify it for the font path you selected in step 1.
* I suggest naming the file "CMFONTS.MAP." The DVIPS configuration
file (see step 4) is configured for this name anyway.
* Save the MAP file in the DVIPS init directory
(e.g.: c:\texmf\dvips\init\cmfonts.map).
4. Edit the DVIPS configuration to refer to the new MAP file:
* Open c:\texmf\dvips\init\config.ps.
* Remove the comment symbol (*) from the line containing
"*p+ cmfonts.map" (line 20 in 1.07 distribution).
* Modify this line with the name of the MAP file from step 3.
(The path is not necessary because he MAP file is installed in
the init directory. The line should read simply:
"p+ cmfonts.map".)
5. Add the Adobe font encoding file to the dvips\inputs directory:
* Obtain the ad.enc file from CTAN at
http://tug2.cs.umb.edu/ctan/tex-archive/info/fontname/ad.enc/index.html
* Copy ad.enc to c:\texmf\dvips\inputs.
6. Edit the MiKTeX configuration for the TEXFONTS path.
* Open c:\texmf\miktex\config\miktex.environment.
* Add the font path from step 1 to the TEXFONTS= line.
(This is line 104 in the 1.07 distribution; e.g.:
TEXFONTS=%R\fonts\tfm//;%R\fonts\cmtype1// .)
* Note that the "//" at the end of a path instructs MiKTeX to
search all subdirectories (like the directories of your PFB and
PFM files).
7. Update the MiKTeX configuration:
* Run CONFIGURE.EXE to update the registry with the changes you
made to miktex.environment.
* Run CONFIGURE.EXE -U to update the MiKTeX filename database.
8. Check that DVIPS has included PostScript CM fonts in your PS files.
* Run DVIPS on a DVI file that you know contains CM fonts.
(e.g.: DVIPS c:\texmf\doc\dvips\dvips.dvi)
* The screen output of the program warns if it can't find a
certain file. If DVIPS is including PS fonts, you will see a
list of the PS font files being accessed.
(e.g. "<C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMR8.pfb>")
* You should also check the PostScript file for PS fonts instead
of bitmapped fonts. Somewhere in the PS file should be a line
like:
%%BeginFont: CMMI10
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI10 1.100
%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:57
you should NOT see a line like:
%DVIPSBitmapFont: Fb cmmi10 10 2
That's all. Good luck. And happy TeX-ing!
===========================================================================
Appendix A: Supplementing the AMS CM fonts.
Unfortunately, the AMS Computer Modern font set does not include the
commonly used Euler AMS font family. These fonts, along with a few
additional CM sizes, can be obtained from the BaKoMa font collection at
http://tug2.cs.umb.edu/ctan/tex-archive/fonts/cm/ps-type1/bakoma/index.html.
The supplemental fonts available from the BaKoMa collection are:
CM fonts:
cmbsy6 cmbsy7 cmbsy8 cmbsy9 cmcsc8 cmcsc9
cmex7 cmex8 cmex9 cmmib6 cmmib7 cmmib8
cmmib9 msam10 msam5 msam6 msam7 msam8
msam9 msbm10 msbm5 msbm6 msbm7 msbm8
msbm9
AMS Euler font family:
euex10 euex7 euex8 euex9 eufb10 eufb5
eufb6 eufb7 eufb8 eufb9 eufm10 eufm5
eufm6 eufm7 eufm8 eufm9 eurb10 eurb5
eurb6 eurb7 eurb8 eurb9 eurm10 eurm5
eurm6 eurm7 eurm8 eurm9 eusb10 eusb5
eusb6 eusb7 eusb8 eusb9 eusm10 eusm5
eusm6 eusm7 eusm8 eusm9
You will need the PFB (outline) and PFM (font metrics) files for
PC-compatible use. The TeX font metric (TFM) files are included in the
MiKTeX package. I would suggest that you add only the Euler font
family. Additional BaKoMa CM symbol fonts have a known problem with
square root symbols. (For details, see the README file in the BaKoMa
patched-pfb directory).
===========================================================================
Appendix B: MiKTeX v 1.07 issues.
Christian Schenk is planning to release an update to MiKTeX. I have
not seen version 1.08, so I can only say that I hope that these
installation instructions will not change under the new version.
Christian has indicated he will put a GUI interface on configure.exe,
so step 7 may change.
Please note that a few bugs in MiKTeX 1.07 are listed on the MiKTeX
Home Page. These include the release of a new version of DVIPS (v5.72)
and typos in the configuration information for DVIWin.
Users of U.S. Letter-size paper may want to change to paper size
setting in the DVIPS config.ps file as explained in the HTML MiKTeX
help file under DVIPS configuration.
===========================================================================
Appendix C: Sample cmfonts.map file
This sample file is for the AMS CM font distribution only.
-----begin cmfonts.map-----
cmb10 CMB10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMB10.pfb
cmbsy10 CMBSY10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMBSY10.pfb
cmbx10 CMBX10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMBX10.pfb
cmbx12 CMBX12 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMBX12.pfb
cmbx5 CMBX5 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMBX5.pfb
cmbx6 CMBX6 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMBX6.pfb
cmbx7 CMBX7 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMBX7.pfb
cmbx8 CMBX8 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMBX8.pfb
cmbx9 CMBX9 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMBX9.pfb
cmbxsl10 CMBXSL10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMBXSL10.pfb
cmbxti10 CMBXTI10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMBXTI10.pfb
cmcsc10 CMCSC10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMCSC10.pfb
cmdunh10 CMDUNH10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMDUNH10.pfb
cmex10 CMEX10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMEX10.pfb
cmff10 CMFF10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMFF10.pfb
cmfi10 CMFI10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMFI10.pfb
cmfib8 CMFIB8 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMFIB8.pfb
cminch CMINCH <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMINCH.pfb
cmitt10 CMITT10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMITT10.pfb
cmmi10 CMMI10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMMI10.pfb
cmmi12 CMMI12 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMMI12.pfb
cmmi5 CMMI5 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMMI5.pfb
cmmi6 CMMI6 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMMI6.pfb
cmmi7 CMMI7 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMMI7.pfb
cmmi8 CMMI8 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMMI8.pfb
cmmi9 CMMI9 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMMI9.pfb
cmmib10 CMMIB10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMMIB10.pfb
cmr10 CMR10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMR10.pfb
cmr12 CMR12 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMR12.pfb
cmr17 CMR17 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMR17.pfb
cmr5 CMR5 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMR5.pfb
cmr6 CMR6 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMR6.pfb
cmr7 CMR7 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMR7.pfb
cmr8 CMR8 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMR8.pfb
cmr9 CMR9 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMR9.pfb
cmsl10 CMSL10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSL10.pfb
cmsl12 CMSL12 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSL12.pfb
cmsl8 CMSL8 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSL8.pfb
cmsl9 CMSL9 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSL9.pfb
cmsltt10 CMSLTT10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSLTT10.pfb
cmss10 CMSS10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSS10.pfb
cmss12 CMSS12 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSS12.pfb
cmss17 CMSS17 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSS17.pfb
cmss8 CMSS8 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSS8.pfb
cmss9 CMSS9 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSS9.pfb
cmssbx10 CMSSBX10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSSBX10.pfb
cmssdc10 CMSSDC10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSSDC10.pfb
cmssi10 CMSSI10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSSI10.pfb
cmssi12 CMSSI12 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSSI12.pfb
cmssi17 CMSSI17 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSSI17.pfb
cmssi8 CMSSI8 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSSI8.pfb
cmssi9 CMSSI9 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSSI9.pfb
cmssq8 CMSSQ8 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSSQ8.pfb
cmssqi8 CMSSQI8 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSSQI8.pfb
cmsy10 CMSY10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSY10.pfb
cmsy5 CMSY5 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSY5.pfb
cmsy6 CMSY6 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSY6.pfb
cmsy7 CMSY7 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSY7.pfb
cmsy8 CMSY8 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSY8.pfb
cmsy9 CMSY9 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMSY9.pfb
cmtcsc10 CMTCSC10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMTCSC10.pfb
cmtex10 CMTEX10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMTEX10.pfb
cmtex8 CMTEX8 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMTEX8.pfb
cmtex9 CMTEX9 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMTEX9.pfb
cmti10 CMTI10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMTI10.pfb
cmti12 CMTI12 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMTI12.pfb
cmti7 CMTI7 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMTI7.pfb
cmti8 CMTI8 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMTI8.pfb
cmti9 CMTI9 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMTI9.pfb
cmtt10 CMTT10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMTT10.pfb
cmtt12 CMTT12 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMTT12.pfb
cmtt8 CMTT8 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMTT8.pfb
cmtt9 CMTT9 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMTT9.pfb
cmu10 CMU10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMU10.pfb
cmvtt10 CMVTT10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\CMVTT10.pfb
lasy10 LASY10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LASY10.pfb
lasy5 LASY5 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LASY5.pfb
lasy6 LASY6 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LASY6.pfb
lasy7 LASY7 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LASY7.pfb
lasy8 LASY8 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LASY8.pfb
lasy9 LASY9 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LASY9.pfb
lasyb10 LASYB10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LASYB10.pfb
lcircle1 LCIRCLE1 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LCIRCLE1.pfb
lcirclew LCIRCLEW <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LCIRCLEW.pfb
lcmss8 LCMSS8 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LCMSS8.pfb
lcmssb8 LCMSSB8 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LCMSSB8.pfb
lcmssi8 LCMSSI8 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LCMSSI8.pfb
line10 LINE10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LINE10.pfb
linew10 LINEW10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LINEW10.pfb
logo10 LOGO10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LOGO10.pfb
logo8 LOGO8 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LOGO8.pfb
logo9 LOGO9 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LOGO9.pfb
logobf10 LOGOBF10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LOGOBF10.pfb
logosl10 LOGOSL10 <C:\texmf\fonts\cmtype1\pfb\LOGOSL10.pfb
-----end cmfonts.map------
The MikTeX Home Page is located at:
www.in-berlin.de/User/ronin/miktex/index.html
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TeX and groff underlining -- more than possible, it's easy.
The opinion of many word-processing and DTP pundits seems to be that
using underlining to emphasize text went out of style shortly after
the Cretaceous Period. Because most home printers now have
proportional fonts and italic (or at least oblique) faces, underlining
will certainly make your text, and you, look prehistoric indeed.
But many professors and publishers require underlining for text
emphasis. Like it or not, underlining is still required for
monospaced, typed manuscripts which conform to the style guidelines of
the Modern Languages Association, and probably a few other groups as
well.
Fortunately, underlining is easy to achieve with the TeX and troff
family text processing systems. LaTeX uses TeX's formidable
underlining capabilities. Underlining has always been a convention of
mathematical typesetting.
Producing underlines in TeX and LaTeX is as simple as using the
\underline command:
\underline{text}
This underlines the text within the braces. But the \underline
command does not allow the text within its scope to break across
lines.
Presumably, you could typeset the text in TeX math mode by enclosing
the text in dollar signs, but this is unsatisfactory because TeX may
have trouble parsing text as if it were an equation.
Trying to underline more than a few words at a time can result in
input files that look like:
\underline{This sentence starts a paragraph.}
\underline{And this is the next sentence.}
\underline{And this is the third sentence of the paragraph.}
This will produce consistent underlines, and text won't run off the
right side of the page, but it will leave some very ragged right
margins. If you must use the basic \underline command, in plain TeX
for example, you can mitigate the agony of re-typing text with line
breaks by using a macro:
\def\ul#1\underline{#1}
This way you can type:
\ul{This is underlined text.}
Under LaTeX, ulem.sty, by Donald Arseneau, asnd@triumf.ca, makes
underlining the default mode of emphasis. The package also allows
underlining to span lines. The latest version of ulem.sty is
available from the CTAN archives at:
ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/macros/latex/contrib/other/misc/ulem.sty
and its mirror sites.
Adding \usepackage{ulem} to a LaTeX document's preamble simply
redefines the LaTeX \em command to produce underlining instead of
italics. It's easy to return to the normal, italicized emphasis with
the \normalem command. ulem.sty also does wavy underlining and
strikethroughs.
Underlining with troff and derivatives like groff is also easy with
the ms macro package. The .UL macro
This is
.UL underlined
text.
underlines its argument. If you need to underline only words and
punctuation, and not the spaces between words, use consecutive .UL
macros.
This example
.UL underlines
.UL three
.UL words.
and not the spaces in between.
To get continuous underlining, which the MLA, for one, requires,
enclose the text to be underlined in quotes. The text is interpreted
as a single argument.
.UL "This text will be continuously underlined."
The underlining algorithm is simple. The program stores the length of
the text to be underlined. After typesetting the text, the macro
instructs the typesetter to backtrack and print the line below the
text.
While LaTeX and the ms macros default to camera-ready, typeset output,
they're easy to configure by simple workarounds like these to produce
editor-ready typescripts. Authors retain the benefits of the TeX and
troff family text-processing systems, like bibliographies, indexing
and tables of contents, and marginalia.
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HTML 4.0 to provide JAVA objects, international characters sets.
The World Wide Web Consortium has announced the release of "Cougar",
the HTML 4.0 draft standard. HTML 4.0 supports improved
internationalization via the ISO 10646 character set, and enhanced
usability for persons with disabilities, including captioning that can
be rendered in Braille or speech.
Support of the ISO 10646 standard for character sets allows Web page
authors to mix character sets of different languages, encodings, and
text directions.
Other enhancements include better facilities for creating forms,
frames, tables, object support for styles and scripts, and named page
elements like glyphs and mathematical symbols.
More information and the draft standard formatted in HTML, SGML, PDF,
and PostScript, is available at
http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/MarkUp/Cougar/.
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Excalibur 2.5 supports Word Services, adds Catalan dictionary.
Excalibur 2.5, the LaTeX spelling checker for Macintosh, supports Word
Services AppleEvents of word processing and communication programs
that provide them.
Excalibur is freeware. It was written by Richard Zaccone,
http://www.bucknell.edu/departments/cs/zaccone.html, and Robert
Gottshall, http://www.mdl.com/gottshall/index.html.
Version 2.5 adds a Catalan dictionary. A partially-completed Italian
dictionary is also available. Languages already supported include
German, French, Norwegian, Spanish, and English. The new release is
compatible with dictionaries of previous versions, and a release
without dictionaries is available for users who want to maintain their
current dictionaries.
In addition to checking text and word-processing files, Excalibur can
also check clipboard text. With LaTeX language support disabled, this
makes the program useful for checking plain-text documents and e-mail
messages.
For non-LaTeX users, the manual is available in PostScript, PDF, and
HTML.
Excalibur runs in native mode on PPC machines. When used with
software that supports Word Services AppleEvents, like Nisus Writer,
ClarisWorks, Eudora Pro, NewsWatcher MT, and Communicate 2.0,
Excalibur supports batch check, check word, and guess word events.
Excalibur allows users to create their own dictionaries, and the
program can learn new LaTeX commands and environments. It can also
use Internet Config information to determine the correct creator code
for its output files.
The Excalibur Home Page is located at:
http://www.eg.bucknell.edu/~excalibr/excalibur.html
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ImageMagick, the workstation graphics system, available for Linux.
ImageMagick, by John Cristy, cristy@sympatico.org, is now available in
a Linux port, in addition to Macintosh, Windows NT, and generic UNIX
versions.
ImageMagick is a graphics interchange, manipulation, and animation
system which provides 8- and 16-bit color graphics manipulation in
MIFF (Magick Image File Format). With extensions, the program can
read, manipulate, and convert the following image formats: AVS, BMP,
CMYK, EPS, FAX (Group 3), FITS, GIF, GRAY (Raw gray bytes), HDF, JPEG,
MAP, MATTE (Raw matte bytes), MNG, MPEG, MTV, PCD, PCX, PC Paintbrush,
PDF, PICT, PNG, PNM, PostScript, PostScript Level II, RAD, RGB RLA,
RLE, SUN Raster image file format, Truevision Targa, text (read only),
TIFF, UYVY, (e.g. AccomWSD), VICAR, VID, VIFF, X (X server screen
images), XC (constant image of X server background color), XBM, XPM,
XWD (X11 window dump),and YUV.
ImageMagick is available in source form at
ftp://ftp.wizards.dupont.com/pub/ImageMagick/ImageMagick-3.8.7.tar.gz
Precompiled binaries are available at the same location. The Linux
version also requires the ImageMagick Plug-in library, available as
libIMPlugin-1.2-elf.tgz from:
ftp://ftp.sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/libs/graphics/.
The precompiled Linux binaries use the ELF shared libraries and are
available as ImageMagick-3.8.7-elf.tgz from:
ftp://ftp.sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/graphics/viewers/X/.
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and via e-mail:
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IMPRINT: The Newsletter of Digital Typography, is copyright (c) 1997
by Robert A. Kiesling and its individual contributors. IMPRINT may
be reproduced in its entirety for distribution by electronic media,
provided no fee is charged for the newsletter. Individual stories
are copyrighted by their authors. Registered trademarks are the
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