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The dark side of the sharing economy

By Sara Eckel

A few years ago, a large event in Saskatoon usually meant more business for the

Chaplin Country Bed and Breakfast in Saskatchewan, Canada. I m about 10

minutes out of the city, so when the city hotels and bed and breakfasts fill

up, I would often get their overflow, said owner Kathy Chaplin.

But those days are over. As the popularity of home-sharing website Airbnb has

grown a recent search found 48 listings in Saskatoon, ranging from $184 for

an entire three-bedroom home to $41 to rent a couch in the owner s living room

(bring a sleeping bag and pillow) Chaplin s business has slowed down. She has

seen her business drop by 30% in the last two years.

The peer-to-peer economy think Lyft, Airbnb, Uber and Taskrabbit has been

hailed as a great way for people to buy and sell goods and services directly to

each other and bypass large corporations. The person renting out a guest room

or a seat in her car makes a little extra cash, and the buyer saves a bundle

over what she d pay for, say, a hotel or a car service. A win-win for little

guys everywhere.

Or so it would initially appear. But it s not just hotel and transportation

moguls who are being disrupted small innkeepers, cab drivers and other

professionals are feeling the pinch as their friends and neighbours make extra

spending money, charging far lower rates than the pros must bill to survive.

The veterans say that they are paying for taxes and licenses and abiding by

regulations that their newbie competitors are able to avoid.

There are a lot people out there for whom it's a full-time occupation and if

they don't have enough clients they will be out on the street, said University

of London economist Guy Standing.

The Chaplin's bed and breakfast has suffered since Airbnb came along. (The

Chaplins)

The Chaplin's bed and breakfast has suffered since Airbnb came along. (The

Chaplins)

Contemplating career changes

In San Francisco, ride-sharing services like Uber, Lyft and Sidecar have

decimated the taxi business. A report by the city s Municipal Transportation

Authority found a 65% drop in taxi rides from January 2012 to July 2014.

For Barry Korengold, who has driven a cab for 33 years, the income drop has

left him contemplating a career change.

I don t particularly appreciate having to think of another career when I m in

my 50s, said Korengold, who has seen his income drop by 25% to 50% since

January 2013.

The president of the San Francisco Cab Drivers Association, Korengold said many

of his colleagues have been hit even harder.

A lot of these people aren t able to feed their families or pay their rent,

he said.

He scoffs at the idea that they could all go to work for Uber or Lyft. It s

kind of like the Wal-Mart thing: They come in and put the small businesses out

of business and then everyone has to go work for Wal-Mart, he said.

Level playing field

The professionals affected by the app-enabled businesses say they aren t

opposed to competition. The problem, they say, is that the playing field isn t

level, as they are obeying regulations and paying expenses that the sideliners

aren t.

Korengold said that in his city, taxi medallions cost $250,000 and insurance

runs between $8,000 to $10,000 a year. All of the city s taxis must be hybrids

or alternative-fuel vehicles, a roughly $10,000 added cost ride-share drivers

aren t required to incur.

(Pablo Blazquez Dominguez/ Getty Images)

Hoda Mohtar, who owns Les Diplomates Executive Suites, a bed and breakfast in

Waterloo, Ontario, said in addition to paying 13% in taxes, she pays to have

her four-room inn accredited and inspected regularly. She also pays CAD$4,000

($3,590) per year in agency fees membership fees, listings, inspections,

conferences and about CAD$1,400 ($1,250) in insurance.

We do everything by the book and others are just opening shop, said Mohtar.

I don t want to stop anyone from making money in the shared economy. But for

them to not pay taxes, not to be legislated, not to be inspected -- that s

dangerous.

Several Saskatoon Airbnb hosts were contacted for this story, but declined to

be interviewed or did not return queries before publication.

Debbie Judt, owner of Glacier Park B&B in Saskatoon, shares her colleagues

concern that some Airbnb owners might not be paying taxes, though she stresses

that she doesn t know what her neighbours are doing and doesn t have a problem

with the site in fact, about 5% of her business comes through her listing on

Airbnb.

I wanted to be exposed to one of the biggest listing sites in the world

because it s huge, she said.

Municipalities start to adapt

Eric Brousseau, a professor of economics and management at the University

Paris-Dauphine, said the sharing economy is still in its infancy, but believes

regulation will eventually catch up. He notes that when French farmers first

began opening bed and breakfasts, they could do as they pleased. But now these

inns are subject to regulations and standards like any hotel.

I think by the end you will have control of entry of the market just because

it s needed, Brousseau said. That could mean everything from inspections to

permit requirements to more rigorous tax-collection and professional standards.

That is starting to happen, as regulators are cracking down on both ride- and

home-sharing. In the US, New York State Attorney General Eric Schneiderman

issued a report stating that 72% of Airbnb rentals in New York City are

illegal, violating zoning or other laws (short-term hotel stays must abide by

more stringent regulations than those offering long-term rentals).

In San Francisco and Portland, Oregon, Airbnb now collects occupancy taxes for

its hosts after housing advocates and neighbourhood groups pressed for stricter

legislation. In Spain, Uber drivers caught taking passengers without

professional licenses face fines of up to 18,000 ($22,500 USD). And, after a

German court banned UberPop in Berlin and Hamburg, the ride share company

dropped its fare to 0.35 euros (44 cents). A subsequent ruling permitted

UberPop drivers to continue because officials believed those fares could only

cover the driver s cost of operating the car and not yield a profit. In other

words, they truly have to be sharing.

Fundamental shift

But Standing believes there is a larger problem: we are now seeing a

fundamental shift in the way employment is handled around the globe. He notes

that in the past, professionals of all stripes be they cab drivers or

attorneys regulated their own industries by setting standards, pay rates,

training systems, and the like.

Those old models of the guilds that lived for hundreds of years have gradually

been turned over to being run by commercial interests, said Standing, who

notes that outsourcing firms have been auctioning employment, from

telemarketing to accounting, to the lowest bidder on the global marketplace for

years.

The problem isn t new to creative professionals writers, photographers, disc

jockeys who have seen technology-enabled amateurs drive down prices during

the past decade.

During the early 2000s, British sports photographer Gareth Jones made a nice

living taking pictures at rugby matches and other sporting events in Redding,

Berkshire, garnering enough work to contract out to four other photographers.

Things began to change around 2007, when photo-sharing sites coupled with lower

cost of cameras and higher quality equipment flooded the market with the work

of hobbyists willing to sell their photos for very little or nothing at all

or post them on public websites for anyone to use.

Say it was a rugby match. They would take a hundred photographs and two are

okay. People are happy with that. It s not perfect, but it s good enough, he

said.

After Jones saw his business drop significantly, he realised he had to make

some changes. He now shoots events that require a higher degree of skill, like

gymnastics competitions and bicycle races.

Jones can offer shots that less-skilled competitors cannot due to their lack of

technical skill and training.

That s hopefully what separates the professional from the well-meaning

amateur, he said.

At any rate, Jones bears no grudge. You can t stop things like that, he said.

Sometimes it s better to embrace it.