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By Hannah Richardson BBC News education reporter
The UK needs to increase by as much as 50% the number of science, technology,
engineering and maths (Stem) graduates it is creating, a report says.
The study, by the Royal Academy of Engineering, says 100,000 Stem graduates are
needed a year just to maintain the status quo.
It argues the UK is already slipping down the international innovation league
tables.
The UK has dropped to eighth globally in the number of US patents registered.
The report estimates 830,000 graduate-level Stem experts and 450,000
technicians will be needed by 2020.
In the UK some 23,000 engineers are graduating every year. But India is
producing eight times as many, and China 20 times as many.
The report warns overall that the current pool of science, technology and
engineering experts are already "stretched thin" and ageing rapidly. The median
age of chartered engineers rises by 10 years for every 14 that pass.
UK firms are already having to recruit experts from abroad.
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Engineering firms are crying out for engineers
Professor Matthew Harrison Royal Academy of Engineering
The report adds that the requirement for 100,000 Stem graduates per year
between 2012 and 2020 will not be met by newly graduating students alone, and
calls for Stem experts to be trained through other routes.
"With only circa 90,000 Stem graduates each year (including international
students who presently cannot obtain visas to work in the UK after graduation)
and knowing from earlier analysis of Hesa [Higher Education Statistics Agency]
data that a proportion of Stem graduates choose non science occupations (26% of
engineering graduates for example) there are clearly too few UK Stem graduates
to meet the need," it says.
Prof Matthew Harrison, director of engineering and education at the Royal
Academy of Engineering, said the shortage of Stem graduates was getting worse.
"In the last 10 years the general wage premium for graduates has been dropping,
but over the same period the graduate premium for engineering has been going
up.
"Engineering firms are crying out for engineers. They can't get the people they
need. Although they have been very very vocal about the subject it has not
translated into public policy yet."
A Department for Business, Innovation and Skills spokesman said it was working
closely with industry and continue to look at various ways to support
engineering at all levels, including engagement in schools, apprenticeships and
postgraduate training.
"We have recently committed 3m to create up to 500 additional aeronautical
engineers at masters level over the next three years, co-funded with industry,"
he said.