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Driving in severe winter weather poses many challenges. Cars can get stuck in
snowy conditions even on familiar roads, forcing the driver and passengers to
spend the night on the roadside.
Here is some advice on how to prepare your car for winter driving if you have
to make a journey and what to do should you be caught out in bad weather.
BEFORE YOU LEAVE
Tyres: Ensure your tyres are inflated correctly and that you have a minimum of
3mm of tread on your tyres to cope with wet and slippery conditions.
Battery: In winter, the battery will run down quicker than in warmer weather.
Make sure you do a regular long journey to top it up or trickle-charge the
battery.
Engine: Modern engines are more robust than older ones. All the same, depress
the clutch when starting as this will reduce drag on the engine when starting,
and preserve the battery.
Screenwash: Keep this topped up and use a proper additive at the right
concentration to prevent it freezing.
EMERGENCY SNOW KIT
Jump leads
Cat litter or sand
Shovel
Ice scraper
Warm clothes
Torch
Food and water
First aid kit
Mobile phone
Sturdy boots
Fuel: Keep your tank topped up - that way if you are caught out, you'll have
enough fuel to make it home or run the engine to keep warm. However, it's
essential to keep snow from blocking the exhaust as noxious fumes can leak into
the vehicle.
Windows: Clear all snow and ice from the windscreen before driving. Do not use
water to de-ice windscreens. Hot water can crack the glass, and the water will
only freeze again on the screen or on the ground where you are standing.
Locks: A squirt of WD-40 will prevent your door locks freezing up.
Warm clothing: Your car may be as warm as toast on the inside but if you have
to step outside, you could be in trouble if you have not got any warm clothing
with you.
Always pack the following: warm coat, hat, gloves, sturdy boots, a blanket to
keep you warm if you get stuck. Take some food, chocolate, biscuits, water and
a hot drink if you can. Always carry a fully charged mobile, and some old bits
of carpet, or cat litter, to put under the tyres when stuck and a shovel to
clear snow.
DRIVING IN SNOW AND ICE
This is what the Institute of Advanced Motorists recommends.
When driving in snow, get your speed right - not too fast so that you risk
losing control, but not so slow that you risk losing momentum when you need it
- and brake, steer and accelerate as smoothly as possible.
Start gently from stationary, avoiding high revs. If you get yourself into a
skid the main thing to remember is to take your foot off the pedals and steer.
Only use the brake if you cannot steer out of trouble.
Double or even triple your normal stopping distance from the vehicle in front.
Drive so that you do not rely on your brakes to be able to stop - on an icy
surface they simply may not do that for you!
If your vehicle has ABS in very slippery conditions it will not give you the
same control it would in others. Do not rely on it.
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Top tips for driving in snow and ice
Plan your journey around busier roads as they are more likely to have been
gritted. Avoid using shortcuts on minor roads - they are less likely to be
cleared or treated with salt, especially country lanes.
On motorways stay in the clearest lane where possible, away from slush and ice.
Keep within the clear tyre tracks if you can.
Stay in a higher gear for better control, and if it is slippery, in a manual
car move off in a higher gear, rather than just using first.
On a downhill slope get your speed low before you start the descent, and do not
let it build up - it is much easier to keep it low than to try to slow down
once things get slippery
In falling snow use dipped headlights or foglights to make yourself visible to
others (especially pedestrians) - but as conditions improve make sure your
foglights are only on if necessary as they can dazzle other drivers
If you are following another vehicle at night, using their lights to see ahead
can cause you to drive dangerously close - keep well back from other traffic.
WHAT TO DO IF YOU GET STUCK IN THE SNOW
Hundreds of drivers have been caught out by the weather in recent days. While
it can be dangerous there are ways to avoid the worst effects of spending hours
in a cold car, miles from anywhere.
First of all, make sure you have packed your emergency snow kit. This should
include warm clothing, some food, water and a mobile phone.
Car stuck in snow
Experts say you should stay with your car if you're stuck in the snow
If you are trapped in your car, you can stay warm by running the engine.
However, it is vital that the exhaust pipe is not blocked by snow. If the
engine fumes cannot escape, you could be overwhelmed by carbon monoxide gas,
which is highly toxic.
If there is any risk the fumes can come into the car, do not run the engine.
Even if it is safe, do not run the engine for more than 10 or 15 minutes in
each hour.
Stay in or close to your car. In heavy snow it is easy to get disorientated and
lost or separated from your vehicle. If necessary you can always hang a piece
of brightly coloured cloth on your car to let others know you are there.