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People in Denmark, Germany, Spain, Sweden and the Netherlands ate the most meat
Eating less meat may be the key to keeping a healthy weight, say researchers.
A European study of almost 400,000 adults found that eating meat was linked
with weight gain, even in people taking in the same number of calories.
The strongest association was found with processed meat, such as sausages and
ham, the Imperial College London team reported.
It suggests that high-protein diets may not help slimmers in the long run.
The findings, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, also
support public health messages advocating cutting down on the amount of meat we
eat, the researchers said.
The study looked at data from adults taking part in a large project looking at
the link between diet and cancer.
Participants from 10 European countries, including the UK, were weighed and
measured at the start and then asked to report their weight five years later.
They also filled in a detailed food questionnaire.
Weight gain
Overall, the researchers found that meat consumption was associated with weight
gain in both men and women.
More detailed analyses showed that the link was still significant after taking
into account overall calorie intake, physical activity and other factors which
may have skewed the results.
The team calculated that in people who ate the same number of calories, an
extra 250g of meat a day - equal to a small steak - led to an additional weight
gain of 2kg (5lbs) over five years.
It counters the theory that diets with high amounts of protein and low amounts
of carbohydrate promote weight loss.
Although it is not clear why meat would lead to weight gain in people eating
the same number of calories, one theory is that energy-dense foods like meat
alter how the body regulates appetite control.
But there could also be another lifestyle or dietary explanation for the link
that was not accounted for by the study.
Study leader Dr Anne-Claire Vergnaud said: "I would recommend to people to
control their consumption of meat to maintain a healthy weight and good health
in general during life."
But she added: "Decreasing the amount of meat alone would not be an adequate
weight loss strategy."
Sian Porter, a dietician and spokeswoman for the British Dietetic Association,
said there were caveats in the study, including the fact that at the end-weight
was self-reported.
But she said it was an interesting finding.
"We eat more meat than we need.
"What I say to my patients is to think about variety - so have an egg for
breakfast instead of bacon, cheese for lunch instead of ham and fish for the
evening meal.
She advised people to eat lots of lentils and pulse, wholegrains, fruit and veg
and oily fish as well as meat.
"Portion size is the other thing - a portion of meat should be about the size
of a deck of cards."