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By Michelle Roberts Health editor, BBC News online
Having a hot temper may increase your risk of having a heart attack or stroke,
according to researchers.
Rage often precedes an attack and may be the trigger, say the US researchers
who trawled medical literature.
They identified a dangerous period of about two hours following an outburst
when people were at heightened risk.
But they say more work is needed to understand the link and find out if
stress-busting strategies could avoid such complications.
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It's not clear what causes this effect. It may be linked to the physiological
changes that anger causes to our bodies, but more research is needed to explore
the biology behind this
Doireann Maddock British Heart Foundation
People who have existing risk factors, such as a history of heart disease, are
particularly susceptible, they told the European Heart Journal.
In the two hours immediately after an angry outburst, risk of a heart attack
increased nearly five-fold and risk of stroke increased more than three-fold,
the data from nine studies and involving thousands of people suggests.
The Harvard School of Public Health researchers say, at a population level, the
risk with a single outburst of anger is relatively low - one extra heart attack
per 10,000 people per year could be expected among people with low
cardiovascular risk who were angry only once a month, increasing to an extra
four per 10,000 people with a high cardiovascular risk.
But the risk is cumulative, meaning temper-prone individuals will be at higher
risk still.
Five episodes of anger a day would result in around 158 extra heart attacks per
10,000 people with a low cardiovascular risk per year, increasing to about 657
extra heart attacks per 10,000 among those with a high cardiovascular risk, Dr
Elizabeth Mostofsky and colleagues calculate.
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Dr Mostofsky said: "Although the risk of experiencing an acute cardiovascular
event with any single outburst of anger is relatively low, the risk can
accumulate for people with frequent episodes of anger."
It's unclear why anger might be dangerous - the researchers point out that
their results do not necessarily indicate that anger causes heart and
circulatory problems.
Experts know that chronic stress can contribute to heart disease, partly
because it can raise blood pressure but also because people may deal with
stress in unhealthy ways - by smoking or drinking too much alcohol, for
example.
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The researchers say it is worth testing what protection stress-busting
strategies, such as yoga, might offer.
Doireann Maddock, senior cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said:
"It's not clear what causes this effect. It may be linked to the physiological
changes that anger causes to our bodies, but more research is needed to explore
the biology behind this.
"The way you cope with anger and stress is also important. Learning how to
relax can help you move on from high-pressure situations. Many people find that
physical activity can help to let off steam after a stressful day.
"If you think you are experiencing harmful levels of stress or frequent anger
outbursts talk to your GP."