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Light smoking 'doubles sudden heart death risk in women'

By Michelle Roberts Health editor, BBC News online

Women who are light smokers - including those who smoke just one cigarette a

day - double their chance of sudden death, a large study suggests.

The research tracked the health of 101,000 US nurses over three decades.

Light-to-moderate smokers were twice as likely to die of sudden heart problems

than those who had never smoked.

But those who quit smoking saw their risk begin to go back down within years, a

journal of the American Heart Association reports.

Raised risk

During the study, there were 315 sudden cardiac deaths - where the heart

unexpectedly stops working.

Start Quote

What this study really tells women is how important it is to stop smoking

Dr Roopinder Sandhu University of Alberta

In people aged 35 or younger, this is usually because of a heart condition that

runs in the family.

But in people who are older than this - as most of the nurses in the study were

- it can be the first sign of coronary heart disease, where the heart's

arteries become blocked by fatty deposits.

Of the 315 sudden deaths in the study, 75 were among current smokers, 148 were

among recent or past smokers and 128 occurred in people who had never smoked.

Reason to quit

After taking into account other heart risk factors, such as high blood

pressure, high cholesterol and family history of heart disease, Dr Roopinder

Sandhu and colleagues found the women who smoked were twice as likely to die

suddenly even if they smoked "light-to-moderate" amounts - between one and 14

cigarettes a day.

For every five years of continued smoking, the risk went up by 8%.

But women who quit saw their risk fall to that of someone who had never smoked,

after 20 years of cessation.

Dr Sandhu, of the the University of Alberta, Canada, said: "What this study

really tells women is how important it is to stop smoking. The benefits in

terms of sudden cardiac death reduction are there for all women, not just those

with established heart disease.

"It can be difficult to quit. It needs to be a long-term goal. It's not always

easily achievable and it may take more than one attempt."

Ellen Mason, senior cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said: "This

study shows that smoking just a couple of cigarettes a day could still

seriously affect your future health.

"As we approach the new year, many of us will be making resolutions and giving

up smoking will be top of the list for lots of people.

"If you're thinking of quitting and need a nudge, this research adds to the

wealth of evidence that stopping smoking is the single best thing you can do

for your heart health."

A recent study in the Lancet of 1.2 million women found those who gave up

smoking by the age of 30 would almost completely avoid the risks of dying early

from tobacco-related diseases.

Latest figures suggest a fifth of women in England smoke.