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2600 



HANG 

1 

UP 


AUGUST, 1986 


VOLUME THREE. HUMBER £7 OUT 


$2 


KNO WING UNIX 


by The Kid * Co. 

J Tuc UN IX operating system is popular s mtyng mpsl major 
universities and companies such as AT&T II timing how to 
hack and use UNIX is important to u.ny serious phone phicuk 
or hacker. 

UN IX is a ieili rve Ions system which enisLs in mauv different 
forms: UNIX Release 7, UNIX J.2RSD, UNIX System V. 
Curtcnl ly, effori s £i rc underway to make a 1 1 systems conform to 
the UNIX System V interface standards. This will make Ihc 
jobs of praftranlrn injj U ms; systems a nd hack ing them much 
easier since everything will he “compat iblc. " The techniques I 
am about £o discuss sbmtld wnrk under Ihc pen most popular 
versions- UNIX System V and UNIX 4.2BSU. I "be UNIX 
operal ing system ha* a icputal ion of nnl hei ng vc i y secu ie, yet 
ms iiy oltempis liavc been ittade to make it that way. Many of 
them hues: been successful Now let us, cm ho rt: on om quCM fur 
root {super user privileges.!, 

Id order h> hack a UNIX system, you musl learn how to 
idcnl if y one. UNIX systems ail have the same login and 
password prompts. I hese prompts appea r to he nn iq ne 1 1 > i h is 
system . therefore it is not eve n ncecsta i y to jsenetffl te the system 
rn identify i[. T'hc Login protnpts Shown below are the standard 
prompts: 
lr>syn: 

Pawn- ora: 

in order to start hacking., one must first get into- a regular 
user’s account l>h the system On some systems passwords are 
hoi even req Lured . bait they are suggested . I Km I ly there arc A 
few accounts on every machine with no password to limn,. AH 
that must be obtained to gain cnliy to these password -kss 
accounts is tlie tasrnume. Finding u username is not uneasy 
thing Lo do. 1 he system could make the task of finding a 
username easier if il a I lowed “command logins.” One system I 
know of allowed anyone to type the username H whq”at the 
login prompt and receive a list of till lhe users currently logged 
inrn the system. If A hacker were to encounter a system with this 
featu re f bole), bis job would be mad e considerably easier, He 
could collect a list of usernames by using; this “who” login 
several ' irnes. Once one ItASO list of users, all one needs todo is 


guess live passwuTdi which are typically easy even for the 
beginner. Here uie some usernames alone, with some lilteiy 
passwords. Notice tJie obvious patterns here. The specific 
usernames a re not significant except in the CASCO! root find field 
since these two accounts appear on -every UNIX system. 

Username fins mt Mil (.hot me ids 


rutil 

Held 

Kilt 

I™ 


Miperuir The Super 1 Tun Aefmnrt 

hautwuTt Field Maintenance (ha* mist jirie.n i 

jihpttr AwmHf user (notice die patttriij 

Unlit Anetlfcfl'nverHfce iner 


Successful Login to a UNIX system would nok something 
file the following: 
togtruli artier 
Pnufwonl: 

T-fist tdfiln: Tue May DijtfiKii oil H ? Si2 


Wrlrcimt lo kukvax 
Van ll/TRO 
4.1HSD 

♦ lyperiman JiK ViS." foot intemiHtieiii an xvxx... 


s 

The S is the command piompt. Once you have this, you arc 
ready to slart hacking. away. First we will Jca i u how LO use Lhe 
telnet program tt> send mail to anyone on Lhe system without 
having yog r hacked account Y username attached to ir ! You can 
even make the mu il Look Like it came from att)VW On lhe system 
Or even from a nobler system! Hclow we see a C program which 
allows you lo do this in a nice neat way: 

Pim-luilc NtHin..hJ /h-kv 'jcrenrur than, Sant than' brat , JtrVr rniY tlih titty 
Jj I i! f pfl tVnUltittf 

niHiignrxeauj'v) 
ehar tpipfi: 
iiil arp; 

( / usrunnpy/i squiggly bfQfktt hfhtl 
I' ll I'. ‘lioTK-m;). *1- r , L 
char eh , r<>f 8] h ]W.in|S] |, subj L -rtJ.K 1 ]; 

aifirae i= 2) 

( / me nn ope/ i rqvifrty hr ark r t hw) 
prinrtTTw T 
e«v(«>k 

> (use il dasetl squiggly hrartet hfttj 
else 

MTi|7l LHi,irnd I |i: 
pTinlirt-'miTn: ™i; 
gptitifrwmj: 

printfi^Siibjetl: ^ 

Gcts^nbjwUL 

Ji n |a:r/" teln.il huhiDp 2S Jj/Acvi'rijll n L ' V 7| ,iW I'mi- UrnuNV 

Ffrurr' .vurir.v hfft> nr fir? Vrfei'J 

rprintf( , fpj' , | , n»ll f’eoiiv < S.s/ii" , Jr(iml; /repfane stash fa with 
hstrSiflasbfif 

rjiriTi(gfp.“rcjil to: (o'J: Ail me (ft ifcisve/ 

fjirwitfttpAdala/i'iSiuliiieL: ftx^n/r T ’.™hjnf 0; fra/itr ffi niiuv/ 
wliilH(sh“B^tclini<» !- PThFj ftw Sw# 'Uis ihVn' jjL;nv utUrr ,'ti-r 
>,hi/r 'j 

fpnmdl.tek 

tp Wl fi< " / n , / riitu 1 1 ( n h H rpl ; / nrjn iVh ■ .vi'ii'.ij'rr r with fi itc. 6',5 l l iv7lt , >T i 
AflOMi;fp)l 

} (use nett! vi’J sqisirriy h rar it ft h ere/ 

I h is program should be placed into a file which ends in ,cou 
I he system and then compiled, One should USC either ed or vi to 
create the t'itc . 1 1 i s nol rnxcviu ry lo explain how to use these 
programs si nee thaL Lnionnar.ion can lie obtained by typing 
either “man ed" or “man vi” al live command prompt. If vk 
were to place this program into the flic fakcmailc then we 
would use lhe following command tn compile it: 

ec -ii Jiiki-iii j.il luVenuil x 

J o run the progna ill, j ust type fakemail and it will nin i'tnd 
prompt you. Tti terminate lhe message just type a COtilroi-D 
{Hie UNIX COT' mark}. Yon can have ;i lot of fun confusing 
users by sending, mail which appears to he from someone of 
importance like ‘"root” or other important users. 

AIL 11 N IX operating systems a llow aLI useix to look at the 
password file. Unfortunately the passwords.: are all encrypted. 
One can Look at this file by lyplng “cat ; etc/ pavswrT from (he ^ 
prompt. Although you uni nnot get the actual passwords from 
th is tile you CAu (ret a list of every user on Ihc system und a list oi' 
i hose users which do not have any passwords. I fa user docs nnl 
haven password . the encrypted password field will be null. The 


ffnnti/juccf on pxiy: 3-64) 


A Trip To England 


by John Drake 

Thi fv/fon-mx r.Ti'rt k comes to m, pom a writer who f.i 
WVfiriing selmf* time in The United Kirtgy!on\. We 'xeiccatm 
hi: lm cent rib limns frotn Cfher writers in other eowb'tks, 
Please cot) to C! us if you have something to offer. 

Phone Ortl Phones 

Bril isti Telecom is trying to inetcase the number of these 
telephone booths th noughout Fngb rid si rice there is no money 
involved, and thus un reason to break into them. Phone cards 
arc the sajne sire a s cred lL qi rd s but they are green on black 
plastic base. Tlw uniLs of e-ach cord are divided op into tw*o 
tracks of 100 units. Cards come En dcdomirtfuions of JO. 20. 50, 
1 00, and 2fX) units. Oik unit is the £lme as [0 pence, To use the 
other track OH tlse card (if there is one} you simply turn it 
around and insert the opposite long length of the card into the 
phone when the (rod track is all used up 

The phone L, buras off” a uni I al a limed 5n.tcn.-u! which ts 
determined hy the number yon dialed. You can make 
international calls ftom those phones. Free calls locally, long- 
distance, or international can (>e made from these pltur.es by 
disconnecting (cutting the wire or instiling la switch'} the rigid 
wire that contains the incoming liming signals. The wires arc 
color coded but BT (British I'clceom} constantly changes this 
color coding. Y on can use a vd I meter to deduce wh ich wi re you 
have to cut The problem arises that the wire is usually hidden 
ni*i protected unless it’s in a school Or inn building as opposed 
to a phone booth You Can always disconnect it at its source 
which is inside the pliune. It stands to reason Lhal since the 
phoneca rd phones contain no money tha l the lock s wil I he la k 
O r etisie r yet. standa ndiyed for a I I phones. Once inside, you ca n 
disconnect the wire going into the write head. 

iticte is such a phone at an international] selmol in London 
The wires of the phone a re very bate and 1 believe that someone 
at the school lias figured ouL which is the riphl wire to cut, The 
Students have been making free internal ional phone calls 
around the world for several months now*. British Telecom has 
been around to Tin ihe phone several times to UOAViiil Finally, 
two weeksAgu . Lhey cut all the wires a nd left the phone for dead. 
During the past week they have reconnected the phone and for 
the time bring i t is bn i n i ng off the bred its when you make a call. 
The wires going into the phone are still hare. .. 

Modem NtAmJards 

PrestolY odd standard of 3 300/ 75 lias carried over to must 
Other non-PrcsE-cl syslems, This includes mainframes. 
Viewdata, And even sume BBS's. 30D/3QQ (upl U.S. 
compatible) modems are becoming more popular tits ate 
1200,* i 200 fU,S. compatible}. Other speed configurations ate 
I200;'?i Viewdata and 1200 Spectrum. There is’il device which 
clips unto the modem porl and that acts as a butter for your 
1200 baud modem and makes it compatible with the 1200 US 
computers here. 

ILK. Operator Numbers 

WS Emergencies— fire, police, ambulance, cave rescue, cnast 

guard. and mountain rescue 

142 Information for London Postal Area 

102 Information for numbers outside London 

1(I(J Operator Services— ala rip calls, advice of duration it 

Charge, c radii card calls., fixed time rails, tree (one cults. 

personal ciills. international ciills, transferred charge ealls. 

Subscriber eont rolled transfer 

151 Faults repair service 

193 International Telegrams — send to most countries 

Id H Maritime Services— ships 1 telegram service, ships’ 

telephone servtee 

155 Inmarsat Satellite Service 


llh) 1 elcmcssagc — if you Stave something to say and prefer to 

say it In writing 

191 Any olher cal! enquiries 

l.ondon General Information Services— Charged 
(London area code is (11 inside U.K.) 

246 8Q7E British Gas Roc 5 pc line (Mon-Ffi Sasti-Apm) 

24(1 SO 24 Capital Ttadioline 

24(1 SOSO Challenge! ir.e — brain teasers (answer (he following 
day} 

'246 80(17 Children \ 1 .nedon — events, and competitions 
154 Daily Repress C* ickriliue (during test matches played in 
[ ondou and Other matches 8arn-7pm} 

246 8(17(1* L>a ily M irror Telefun show 

24(1 S966 Even tl ine~ M dor ipor! info 

246 8926 Financial Times Cityline fpr busiriras news and L I 

iodes 

24fi 8066 Financial 3Cimes Cityline — international market 
reports 

246 8944 Golden Hitlinc— hits from Ws & 70’s 

246 RIM l (.eisdreliire daily selection of events iu and around 

( pndon 

246 15HK4T French version of abov e 
246 8M5 German versicr. of above 
246 KU33 'Natl nnal Sum nra l ies A i i 

246 8630 National Suieluk'i riei — Kail (Inter City it [.ondou 
Service) 

246 803] National Sumnarles — Road (Motorways) 

246 811*32 National Summaries*- Ecu 

246 1HKH1 Pnflin Storyline (bedtime stories from 6pm each 
niglu) 

246 84155 Spaceline (space mission information) 

246 8(126 Span si iv* general roundup 

246 8400 Star'ine— lor your daily horoscope ((kim-dpin daily) 

1 23 T' inch nc - fn r i ho -peri k i ng Clock ( 24 hour service) 

246 8091 Weatherline— L.ondon area 

246 8008 Woolworth — a selected ( P featured ench week 

1 60* Wonlwor! h— 24 hours a day 

168 William Hill R a Celine horse racing results and 
mformatiou 

Fngiiieers 1 Tests 

L'7fl tn 179 plus your Isisl four dibits is the tclf test number for 
yuur phtFne. 

175 Line fault lest Dial 175 then yom last four digits, let it 
ri ng. you evil | heai someth ir.g. hang up. Y our phone will ring, 
answer 3t;£md ihenriLal *3. A list of diagnostics will be raid off to 
you hy a computer. 

Tong DisUmce Operators 
I kH (1(1 8 9ft 6 11 UK Lu AT&T Sung distance opiemtnrs 
1 800 445 5667 A t 2t I to Bril ish T elvCOtt'i k. Ope ralurs 



J.58 




VINO 

6 



Phone Fraud in Governor’s House 


riW.L'tJ-u l.,.,V 

Though LiL-i aides insist it was most Iv a ease i if "V n.1s briny. 
Sex) Governor Thom burg his slaSe telephone oral il ca rd was 

used foT hundreds of personal colls, some of them made by 
rtxinhLrs Of "-it: grA'firra'jr's family. 

The persons! longdistance calls — daring to cite beginning of 
Che Thornburgh adm i nis i r;i 1 1 o n were included in bills 
submitted co che scare. They were routinely prfl cussed and paid 
in full It was onlv recently, when word of inquiries from a 
reps's rear filtered hack ty ThomburghY press office. cLiac o 
review was done cn che plionc hi ILs. 

Tbs review ■diowed i bill about 54.330 worth of personal 
Icng-dislnnre phone calls had been made in a year period 
ending I refe to her 19SS. A IE of those culls hod been made using 
the slide telephone -credit-card number assigned co ilia 

ucivemLiT. 

A spokesman sa id chat ThnmhLiTjdi personally reimbursed 
the stale for 51.75! .OH worth of eaLls made by mc-mbe rs uf his 
family- He said the slate also had been reimbursed by a private 
citizen, whom he would nor name, for an additional 52,Jtl2 52 
in personal long'd istunree calls tha! had been made by fa 
teenager" using the governor^ card number. 


RR Watching VDT Operators 

L'XAT^fr 

S.fi million video display terminal operators are being 
monitored hy their computers, aeeoisfinjj to ih« National 
Institute of Occupational Safety and HealLh. 

Employers— sueli as insurance companies, airlines, 
supermarkets, post offices, and telephone companies— am 
using com puters co record when an operator is off a V'jTT. 
COnnf keystrokes by the second, time customer sciwiee 
transactions, and track errors- Htey say worfceritlo more when 
they know they’re being watched . 

“V es, in i he short term you cun squeeze more out or people." 
says HarieyShaiken, ci;L-hriiilOy r y professor at the University of 
California in 5an Diego. "But in the lung term, Li desirOys 
Cmaiivitynr4 che Initqilive and desire to do a gcod job." 

PSA 3no. of Sa it Diego began in March m give demerits io 
reservation agenLs. who don't m-et certain standards. PSA 
agents are a Ik. wed to leave their terminals a coral of 72 minutes 
during an S 5-hour .shift . 'I hey can't spend more than l&t 
seconds pereall and more than 1 1 seconds he'wsen ea Ils, if i hey 
io. they collect demerits: 37 in a year could gee them fired. 

Workers me fighting bar 5: in unusual ways. Some aie 
hanging up on customers co reduce average oall times, Others 
fake work.. holding a linger on a key and filling computer 
screens with one leuer. 

ffieadenft we welcome a ny olher suggestions for bearing th is 
horrible, nasty system. These penpk: used oikf help!] 


LD Companies Strike Rack 

The u-al 'ikt Jr-uTd'i 

VircoT and Iteccy Humphrey got a surprise package on their 
3Sch wedding annivensa ry last mot th; a E25H fXJO bill for long 
durance plionc calls they didn't make. 

GTE S print sn ys i be 3 ,600-page . 34-poutid bill resu Iced front 
fraud . During a sis-day dlali ng spree , ic says, inmates at prisons 
across the cornu ry eharrurl 46,000 ca lls co the 1 tumph rcy Y code 
before the company cancelled and replaced lice number. 

fen while the HumphreyY are off the hook. Sprint isn't. Tlrey 
must | ray the coses of providing service. whether or tied ihey 
Themselves get paid. Investigators ray iliac illcgi brittle iew of 
billing codes issued to customers of companies other than 
AT&T was responsible far a significant portion of the 
esiima ted S50fl ra itlkm i hat the long d ista ace indust ry tost to 
toll fraud last t ear. 

3-59 



The coni panics are fighting back. Among Other steps, che 1 , 
lave ficted i hit 1 r switching cquipmenc with anti-fraud softwa re 
and forged a new industry coalition to bu tier prosecution 
■■f I nri s Some com pan ics pormi i customers who are t rave ling in 
place calls only to numbers in their home area codes 

Many enmpa aics have joined the Communieatinns Fraud 
Cuntml Association, a trade group farmed last yea r co combat 
loll fraud. The companies complain, however, llrat they deni 
always gel t he cooperation they expoei from local law- 
enforcement agencies. 

fn February. Teltec Saving Communieaiirms Co., a Miami- 
based long d iscance o ompatiy, feed suit in stare court aga inst ?|t 
jsrople. including live operators of seven electronic bulletin 
hoards, accusing chem of either using fmudukntEy obtained 
codesor permitting them to be posted . Although the case hesn 'i 
yet gone to trial, some defendants haw reltled out of court. 
agT-reing as part of the settlement fo post the weird on 
underground -electronic networks rhai computer crime doesn'i 
pay. 

Teltee has put its own message in hulteiin boards where it 
fou ad its codes posted . offeri ng up to 5 10 fOO for infmmation 
un who was posting the codes rt has also posted phony codes, 
liven i ranted people who used chem. 

Leave Our Poles Alone! 

.i.Tcr .L-iwal 

in full view of local police. Republican eongressipnal 
candidate Aihin Sinf* recently carried out his clan nod “civil 
cl istibcdlcnos" by nailing a pul icica I porter to a utility pole . 

"Those ate ouf poles." said a spokesman fur New Jersey Bell, 
“The posters a re a safety hazard. Wc don't want clvem. Vv\: ray 
please I caste ou r |.io!et alone." 

Phone Booths Mauled Then Stolen 

I i'Tf iv Bill % fj Mil *. 

"Someone ap’sirendy used a chain attaelved ca a cruek."suid 
a New York Telephone spokesman when he referred co two 
phone booths that were stolen Each of the missing hnoi fe 
weighed 4fKl pyrands. And each was secuted by a si^-ineh boil co 
a concrete slab ou L-iiite Weirls Delicatessen in Mori ford, 

Town liighway depanmem workers reported the booth-* 
missing at 4:5-(J am. Telephone company employees Inspected 
che sice and found only Che bolts snrrounclL^I by pieces of 
hrpkten glass as well as smashed panels and rubber molding, 

According m WeitY clerk the chef 1 was the- firnl indignity 
suffered by the boolhs, "People would slum the phone down , 
break the receiver, take a hammer and bam, "he raid. “They’d 
fiv i mad when they'd Lose clvei r money " 

Die New York Telephone spokesman raid (but public 
phones gee "hoinhrai . bludgeoned and stuffed But , hi: added . 
“Ills unusual co see a hooch haulad off." 

New York Telephone is offering a $2 .000 reward for 
information about Live cfem , T h* number toe-all Ls 110(15225 . 
The numb-rs of the missing payphones were 5 1 15732HM0 and 
5f6732k5S>. 

The Ghost in the Machine 

I l-K 

The 9 1 E opfiTai nrs haste Irarr.od tliac when i hey g?t a cal I a nd 
hea r no voice on the i ine, a corcl less phone is frequently ac lau It . 

A rugite phoneY dialiikfi. system is apparently triggered hy low 
bacteiics, or hy inteifurencc from household gadget! such as 
micnowiiye ovend. fliroresecnt lic'ihis, hair d ryers. and .garage- 
door openers. Throcnligit numbetsare hie mast nfccn(41 1 i'or 
direraory assistance also gets such oalbfe 

For emergency nponrioTS. the problem is mure than a 
TmiEiTice. Silenl calls musi be irneutj, in rase a human nuber 
than a phimiom needs help. 


letters of the month 


Donr26#0: 

Cangratula tioits on Lhe apparent success of your newsletter. 1 
learn somethi ng from each issue. Your points on the power of 
computers and the Information tlwt is processed on them are 
correct. And yon provide ft valuable service by attempting to 
educate your readers and (sometimes) elu.de those who would 
use the information improperly. 

f wo rk on the other side of the ticuoc t.\n La Security fora large 
Corporation. L don't always like what you say shout tiie 
condition of my profession — because it is usually too painfully 
true!!! t also have the nature to try. test, and explore new areas 
to see what happens, line. 1 would n’t proceed to the point of 
"era shing''ur L "disabling K ‘a system as was slated on pope ?.-A 1 of 
your .Func issue. Finally. Ihe pornt of my letter! 

Please dank tell people how ro crash a computer system. [< 
may prove yon r technical sa pe nonty, or that you can read a 
technical manual. However, just as the lives uf many innocent 
people ton neereci with you t BBS a rid others were un juslly and 
adversely affected by raids by uneducated and unqualified 
intruder, crashing u major (or minor) computer system has 
serious consequences to innocent people, directly or indirectly 
And. unless you know the effect you hftvc on my business 
(retail., oil, hawking, publk utility, medical rare. etc ), you are 
j'.Ls .1 as naise, over-your-hrad, and dfi ngerons as the authorities 
that confiscate a BBS. 

On a lighter note, we don’t need your help Anyway. We crash 
our systems on an irregular basis. Unintentionally, of course. 
Which helps explain why you see so few computer professionals 
loitering in pool halls these days, They ait luo busy trying to 
recover from the latest, 'greatest technology. 

Keep up the good work. 

Hie Stopper 

Diair Sloppcr: 

Please not e that those people who Confiscate li fid's get the 
full support of law, unlike time v- ho crush main-frames. 

(to whether or not h'c will stop printing 'ityjiwtt shuf-down 
procedures... that Is something we shall consider. Our main 
point is !o show how easily it cun be done hy anyone — n 
computer buff or a where fir. 

Dear 2600: ' 

f am a lawyer with an avid interest in BBS's or S EGk that 
Iwi nd le law-related mate rial o 1 a re aimed at Lawyers. On you or 
your read cos know of any such hoards Other than the £ lb Von 
CompuServe . the Sou rec. a nd Ri.i? Are there any that have sbul 
down'? 1 would Like Lu hear from anyone who has had any 
experience with these bonrdx or lawyers who use them. 

I am on CompuServe, BIX, and ABA/ met ( IK25), 

Rets Yl&rrisOn 
14 Muaitruse Hoad 
Starsdak, NY IftSitf 

Dear Mr. Morrison: 

Pk&SC send us the list of the law-related fiflS's that you know 
of and wvr ask on r o iherrt eiders loch the same. We re rtf. tu ( tftsh 
them in the near future. 

Dear 2?M>: 

As c veteran VAX, ''VMS wizard and a new subscriber 10 
2600 , 1 was inteteSled to see the front-page article (July DSGfon 
the subject of VMS security hacking. T was diiiippointed, 
though, to find that "Violating a VAX "dealt with the subject at 
a junior-high level, IYn not necessarily criticising the Arlicle or 
ilt> anthor'on that account; weal! have to crawl before we leap® 
to wu.lk.snd all that. However, I’d Like to save would-be VMS 
hackers some embarrassment by pointing out a few mistake® to 
avoid. If you do firings BaalzebubY wny. your friendly local 
systc in manager will sticrn he k nock ing a( your duOr with a sheaf 


of printouts in his hand and a stem look on his lace. 

The possword-gmbber command procedure presented in the 
article ill i.i si rales a number of blunders: 

1. 1 Inst, that "9/iDClT.-F-TRA\ r S' , crftp is completely bogus, 
in several senses of the word. Why bother faking a login and 
making up an error message whan you can just simulate a user 
validation erior and make it Look as though file User has mis- 
typed his password':' Simulating a login error and killing the 
prucess is a lot salcr than pntWUtmg the user fwho may not he 
all that stupid, even if lie is a system manager) with a series of 
obviously bogus "system* messages. 

2. You can use Ihe DLL command '‘STOP, 1 IDENTIC” to 
logout without generating a message. This doesn’t require any 
privilege at a II In a program, you ean use SY£$r)EI.PkC. 

3. Lsrng iMyL’IKF to read llw username and password is 
foolish when you can use the READ command with the 
■ PROMPT and /ERR qualifier®, Also, READ has a timeout 
Option. Gy the way, the default limrout count at login is .30 
Seconds, not 30 seconds ?s implied iu Lhe article. 

A. She command procedure given doesn't use SET 
MESSAGE to get rid of any error tUKSftges which might 
possibly be generated if things go wrong— another potent ial 
source of user fip-uffs 1 hat something fishy is going on. 

Where VMS is ennee i ucd . the whole password -grabber 
concept is praci it a lly obsolete anyway, since VMS V 4 d rfir.es a 
terminal characteristic called "SECIJRESERVGR” which was 
designed specifically to foil p ssword-gra bber programs. When 
a Lenmnal line has rh i® characteristic set, pressing the BREAK 
key At login Lsguaramted to disconnect any process running on 
file terminal. 

A few other notes: I ) Control -T isn't very useful at login tinte 
Reprated COnirol-YY immediately following ihe password arc 
more useful, but the ’T>5SCTT ,Y" flag in the UAF prevents 
them from having any effect. 3) Using "890" a® a file version 
number is silly. (Snppo.sc that version k9i or higher ahead v 
rxii-Ls.) The number you wanl is 337 67; that’s the maximum 
possible version number. RTEM: 3) The first “Trojan horse* 
procedure given should include the command ’"SET' 
DEFAULT SYSIUXrlN'" before the DELETE command 
which is supposed to gel ihl of the incriminating 1 XXIIN .COM 
tile. 

As operating systems go. VMS is very secure, and il's 
becoming more so with each new release. (Unfortunate but 
true.) According to T>FC, a Version of VMS will have the 
Defense Departments highest possible security raring within 
two or three years. 

1ft parting, 1 offer you at 2600 a slogan for your masthead: 
'Tlte road of access leads to- the palace of wisdom. ” Apologies 
1o Will iam Blake. 

] 

Dear 26Wf\ 

1 noticed a problem in the password grabber described on 
ptige 3-49 of your July 1986 issue. In the narrative, it says that 
con'rol-Y is disabled, but Ihe code docsnY aclufillv disable 
coni rot-Y ; ii merely provides d i rect ion un what to do ii' a 
contiobY is encountered . in fiiis ease. if a conLrol-Y is entered 
during Ihe wait period, then tJw program will just continue whh 
the next step after the Control- Y interrupt, Since there Lsr.o step 
after tile WAIT, the program will exit in this case. To use the 
OX O!>NTR0).,-Y effectively in this ease, you need to Loop 
back so that any cnntrol-Y vvill reset the watt timer; $1 DOB- 
SON CONTROL -Y THUN GOTO LOOP, JWAIT 01 :00:0O. 

An even better solution would be 1o actually dtiahk the 
COutroRY early in the pregnant with a SE'l XfK’ONTROT. 
Command. In fact, il would be Useful to also d isabJc COntrol-T 

(continued on page 3-64 } 


The 2600 Information Bureau 


1Q007 

TeiemarKot ina 

202 

793 

7213 

10054 

Eastern Tel sa hone 

215 

370 

4111 

JO0ES 

Lexi tel 

800 

931 

4835 

10000 

Amt el 




1 0084 

LOS Metroftisdia Lons Distance 


1 0095 

Wes t el t Inc- 




10203 

Cvte 1 




10211 

ftCI 

000 

450 

7000 

10220 

We s tern Union 




10221 

Tclesaeer 201 498 4417, 

202 

882 

1199 

10222 

mi 

800 

324 

9240 

10223 

TDX Srstewi., Inc- ffor 

business 

onlr) 

10235 

rntelcRlex 

003 

349 

0050 

10209 

AT4T 

000 

222 

0300 

10333 

UB Telecom 

000 

331 

1885 

1036B 

SmsricaTi Telco, Inc- 




10444 

A 1 live t 

800 

982 

3898 

10494 

Houston NetwDrJtr Inc, 




1048B 

ITT 

800 

528 

3000 

10777 

GT8 Sprint 

000 

521 

4840 

10800 

Satolcc 




10024 

ATC /Dlfectlin? 




10050 

ToUKal 

BOO 

649 

1 67 B 

10055 

NotworU plus 

703 

352 

1171 

10088 

S8S Slvvline 

900 

3 83 

6S00r 




235 

2001 


CDCt Phi Hr* part of Vftj 
EPhiUvJ 


[eastern c £ t ies J 


CSouthern NJJ 


CNerthern NJ3 
C DC metro area] 

Cno auto 8A* need acctj 


2600 


(ISSN 0749-355 [) 


Editor find Publisher 
Twenty Six Hundred 

Associate Editors 
Eric Corley David Ruderrn, an 


Executive Director 
Helen Victory 

Cartoonist 
Dan Holder 


60S OprJTiltOT 
Terr B lich 

Junk Mflil Receiver 
Richard Petrovich 


Phonecard 



E.l.Hc l1k l receiver 
ilcld liMCIl f : ; ir lMliI 
kbiUjlrtmilruHiLiS 
|ili rrii^i. or new dial 
tone - a hLji.'h 

I'Hldlod hum). 


1. liHii'n 1 l.ilL" h.lhiI 

i li ( c h |L' ,skn, ^rcLTi 
Mdc u|\ in the 
direfl h m of Hie- 
li re;™, and press it 
f'J lli Il'.MLI'j. 


Writers: John Drake. Foul Estev. Mr. French, Emmanuel | 
GeltJstcj in, Chester Holmes. Ktd & Company, Lex Luthor. 
LnrdPliTeaker. Mika Sa lerno. The Shadow, Silem Switchman, 
grid the u&iial anonymous bunch 

2 &C$j is pUalishod tv 2(500 -ntarprisos, Inc,. an Vlfceriyjsyrta'y 
oraanuatian. 

ANNUAL SUflSCRIPTIDN RATES S 1 2, individual; 530, onrprralrv 
SS0.. cruerjws 

lifetime suasop iptsom- &?eo sponsorship: jeeoo. 

BACK ISSUED: SS nxn. aiOwidWiil; S3 each, iZO'p.'Lf a |k; 

£2.EO c-ach, piemens 

MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO: 2000 Fmwises. hie, 

WHITE TO: BBSO, P.O. Dow 752. Middlrr kiprd, NY 11S&3-C752 
TtLEFI-CNE <51 Bl 75 ’<-2500. PRIVATE SECTOR G6S: |S0D366^M3L 
ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT: P.O. Blv. 76Z, Middle bland, IvY 
11952 0703 Callferrnws 

ARTICLE SUBMISSION AND LETTERS : PO R™ S& Middle Island. NY 
1 1 95J-OO90 We 'wSdily ectepl art Ces. ludirrs, clippings, nriVdiyk. and 
0.:i;i Inr pi nlirnmn 
POSTMASTER- Tkrs is private mail 



3-61 


3. Dial the nu mbet 
you want. Hue cLi^itu.! 

(Li -| jby wi It xlvjw 
__i \ die number of 

\ unused urdLs cm ilkf 

• efrdlurun tluMiacfc 

OKLivolly Inserted in die i asceFoi idu unit 
■CVi I ij >. L.lfllCn Jnr lhi_ L nivKlup DOI1C and 
speak whisr renneaed. Jtie credit uuii.s 
:inc prHijfrfi-slvcLy erased as shown yn the 
dlpir.i] display. 

rp.[|ow-(in calls. 

]f you have in ium d unite rcmalnlns 
cui a cun I and you wish to make a new 
mil, do tkH replete live rcdcKx-r. I nvtead, 

I mef ly depress anil release (he receiver 
rest As srwn as yr*i hear <he dial rone 
:ii-:;ii n. i,t_*.i can tnskcytxir fieri call 

(see pitfi- 3-58 for m ore details oti thh) 


This ]i a tilt of area codes and the nuibEr of Exchanges btin-a m-ed in each one. 
[t Wli] |n idea of H-hit if pa Cade-5 am filling up, as np[] jr. khicft ones 

irH >jnutedr ibis Hst ccaps. to us Iroi r-elejsa Digest, via PrivalE Sector . 


m 

COUNT 

m 

543 

202 

+37 

m 

3+9 

m 

3DB 

205 

522 

206 

451 

20? 

306 

2DB 

246 

209 

257 

2(2 

447 

2! 3 

524 

2L4 

5+2 

2S5 

431 

lit 

477 

IL7 

325 

218 

267 

11? 

307 

305 

530 

302 

73 

303 

557 

304 

2 S3 

302 

540 

304 

+ L6 

307 

133 

500 

i£6 

309 

237 

312 

440 

313 

504 

354 

454 

3 [3 

226 

350 

332 

3L7 

325 

3 LB 

296 

31? 

306 

405 

SOB 

+02 

335 

403 

24+ 

404 

456 

405 

462 

m 

!L6 

407 

0 

m 

216 

409 

255 

450 

C 

452 

377 

413 

10? 

+ L4 

37B 

453 

+03 

4 Li 

433 

4 IT 

5B1 

m 

327 

4L9 

304 

501 

m 

302 

3E0 

503 

44 ! 

504 

267 

505 

265 

504 

143 

507 

24? 

500 

0 

209 

213 

532 

305 

353 

396 

55 + 

343 

5L5 

377 

550 

233 

5L7 

205 

35? 

21 L 

539 

2B6 

601 

353 


CDKHEHTfl 

Wpftt Jprse-y r Setting right up there. 


Lop fcngeies already cpLst off B3B, 
A Dal Lai split i i rcanrc-d seen. 


Maryland, 3ysjpr than 617 r 
SEliNjrPi Every state gets cut, fttmw. 
Gylofatfa has been growing, r . 

tliaai too> 

Hydcing. 


hlhy Jiasn-'t CbiCigc split yet? 


Rhode Is! and, 

Alberta and uoac ART - Carada’a bUJsEtt 


hr Hans - aha h A hje'e- cf a gojd cndoi 
Sin FVanciscrjj JlPO fUadfed fnr splits 


San Ant an La , TH h 


602 

440 

603 

193 

604 

430 

605 

330 

606 

240 

607 

1 + 6 

60B 

250 

00? 

20+ 

610 

0 

612 

424 

653 

220 

614 

33S 

615 

+30 

656 

317 

457 

5J3 

613 

300 

6H 

329 

70! 

333 

702 

595 

703 

455 

704 

265 

70S 

239 

706 

96 

707 

145 

70S 

0 

709 

237 

710 

0 

7L2 

265 

753 

4J4 

7L4 

364 

755 

23E 

716 

322 

7L7 

430 

71 E 

29+ 

71? 

0 

EOJ 

265 

&02 

167 

B'jJ 

396 

BM 

37 L 

005 

193 

BOi 

225- 

DOT 

97 

m 

163 

BOS 

340 

310 

0 

012 

243 

S 1 3 

344 

S3 4 

237 

055 

255 

£56 

+01 

3L7 

301 

0L8 

240 

01? 

232 

900 

2+ 

?01 

179 

902 

221 

?03 

0 

?D4 

314 

905 

206 

?06 

109 

907 

340 

?Ofl 

0 

909 

0 

9 10 

0 

912 

270 

9L3 

399 

914 

256 

9J5 

257 

?16 

3L9 

9J7 

0 

91 B 

257 

919 

5LO 


£. Hass - splitting aff 50& jn J9BE 

Nnrthh^ct Hex i cg hick, not a real 3IPA 
Unljiteti cods jised -far AfST Sever nspnt servicei. 


H. Ontario - andth-er waste, 


Upper Hi chi gin, tied with 413. 


North Carolina 1 ^ gnawing quickly. 


SYSTEMATICALLY SPEAKING 


USSR Computer Hungry 

i -jib K-a*j t- 

The Sovrel Union has. announced sweeping reforms iti its 
“obsolete" higher education system, which ii. said produces 
dodoes who canooi diagnose fi.ru) engines^ who know little 
about computers 

“‘Ma leria band techniques an; obsolete . J hat is why there is a. 
need for the profound rcstructu rang of higher a nd SKOaxlaa y 
special I i.7cd ed u ca t i n n 1 h c ■Corn m u n i s I Pa rt y rte ws pa per 
/ >r dJ l- Jer y!iid in announcing proposed change* that will a tic cl 2 
mil Ison students nnd set lip thousands nl' computer ’^quipped 
workplaces to malte Russians "computer literate". 

ATM’s in China! 

< r t4t r Til N:v. Vjtjiwi 

NCR Corporation has installed the first automatic idler 
machine in Ch ina. f he unit will he op era led as a ted case by i ho 
Nartunp batik in Zliuhai, an economic “free rone" near Ihe 
Ho nil. Kong bonier. The machine won't be available to citizens 
of Ihe People’s kepubl ic. 

Cash Machines Are Popular 

Srv Vril- Kcvudis 1 

.Just a yea r a tier (he New V ork Cn sh Exchange was formed.. 
:ho system Lh£i I lets Customers of one Ixa nk use automat ic lellera 
at 'competing bunks has virtually mu out of iflsl ilutions to 
rcunnt. 

The regional system now has 1 .235- machines and 4.2 million 
customers, making it one ol' the Largest in the nation, The 55 
nstitul ions set to join wi 1 1 boost XVCE to 2 .OllU machines a nd 
6.5 million customers, with a tolal of HO institution? in eight 
states, the District nf Columbia, and Puerto Rico. 

The system^ chief New Vork rival is Citibank, which has its 
own network of 626 machines and 1.5 million card -holders. 
C'ilibank has shown little interest in joining NYCH. 

NYC’li may try nut a new pnojocl- a dribi l-ca id system, If 
sneli a system were i n place . it Cu slonwreou Id huy c loth inc at a 
local department stoic using a hank card, and a sales ckrk 
could deduct i ho purchase; price right from the customer's 
checking account. 

TV Blue Boxes 

3 he coming generation nl d igital TV stl s is d csigned for cji sy 
servicing by reprogramming tlicrn, Access for servicing, in Ihe 
ChSC of ids using ITT digital ICY. is provided via a rear-panel 
connector or by dialing up a special cede OH tJte wireless 
ren l'olc -coni iol unit. Tit boLh cases, that gives the repair 
technician access to the set’s control lues, From there, it would 
be an easy rnal I c r to defeat the sync-sup press bn decoding used 
by uiOSl CiibLe-TV sysletns for their premium channels, 
accord mg to engineers of the National Cable TV Association. 
The N C I A tears that the i nc rad ucti nn of <1 jgita l TV ^i.s will 
lead to a Pood of "blue boxesAtO let cable subscriber decode 
piiV'TV programs without paying for them. The NCTA has 
written to a II major TV set ma nut'act to t iv u rging 1 hem to “la ke 
Ihe necessary steps to make it impossible to externally farce’ 1 
one of f I'l Y VI. SI chips to defeat pay -TV encoding. 


New Chip Helps Sprint 

tFXTH.; 

About 20 percent of telephone customers won't get equal 
access sciviee until 30R7 or Idler Those customers would 
ordinarily be lost to US Sprint, because to get on Sprint’s 
system i be- customer would ha vo to d ia I more tha n 20 digi I $, So 
Sprint came np wirh a microprocessor that antomaiioally dials 
ii 13 the $ pri nl access numbers when a user d ials ” I . " S pri nt wilt 
install it free on the praniscs of any customer with bills of i 1 30 
or more. 

Government Phone Fate? 

Tv P- 1 ."! Veil' I rr;t- 

TTie Federal government has started to update its entire 
system of lines, switching equipment, satellites and security 
devices, which, has bocn in place since 1 964. The current system 
is still managed by AT&T and cannot handle Ihe demand of 
increased numbers of calls und high-speed data 
corn mu nidi ions 

The G e n e ra L S e r v ic e s A d m a n i s t rat i o n has invited 
communications companies to come up with ideas for a new 
system. Ihe Government's, nest phone company, 'ike AT&T, 
will be privy to information about encoded dnln and will 
therefore be required to have a high-level security elcaruiicc. 
The earn panics arc being asked 10 devise advanced ways to 
protect communications from phone tapping, saholagn, and 
even disruption caused by tlsc deel roiJKlgnfrtifi pulse that 
desl rdys conductor s of electricity a I ter a nuclear explosion . 

The system , LH FTS 2(300", is ex pected to he in place by the yea i 
1990 ard will eost 4 billion of your lax dollars. 

Rural Radio Phones 

■I'.,.., ■ f.i' r. Vr i,L 

Four telephone associ? i.i oiV’ and the Rural Clectrifseation 
Admin istral ion f R LA !i have asked the l Cl Cl to scl aside certain 
radin frequencies to be used foi Telephone service in tufa! Smses. 

Using radio iaisleud of land -bused wi re CrtuLcI lower costs of 
connecting cu stumers, permitting teleos to extend coverage in 
areas where costs have previously prevc need it, a cent (I i ng to tire 
group Y KX’ filing. 

They called the radio Service llnsic Exchange 
Telccommu metal ions Radio ('BET EL). 

lithe request is granted in full. FlF.TTt could extend service to 
an eitiaiiilted hS?, 00(> custcameTX nationwide who are eau rently 
without lelcphones Another 41X1,000 Could have service 
upgraded from rnuLli-puity fO ode-porty lines. 

The groups want the t'CCl to nllocate 2A chan nels in the 450 
MJIz band and two Hlfl) MHy. channels to RFTR 

“Debugging” Phones 

V»Vrr k 

It naay not he whal tite phone Company had in ntind when at 
dime up with the memorable slogan "Reach otil and touch 
snmet>nt.’'hut a t iaiyccanpUiiy called ihtfl Iygemx Sue. plans to 
publicize a list of unfavory barter Ls and fungi tltaf It sem 
inhabit the mouth and rnrpicccs of most telepItOateS, 

' I he Fremont (C A1 sio ii up, of course , is p rovid Lnp ir.uTe than 
a public service . 1 1 bus a prod ucl: a patented plosl ie telephone 
cove r impregnated with vinyzene, tar. outlmicsohiol p re pq ral ion 
developed by Moitou Thiokol T ri c - 

3-A3 


UNIX 


(commit? cl fnynt page j-J 7 .J 


format of' etc," pFi S’i'.vJ r^Uric-F. follows; 

uwne rat (i^dluntr lirifocliumL dirpri^ exf filial lipfm 

lngyn 

Examples front an actual /dc/passwd Itle fils first' 4 
accounls UK present on virtually till UNIX systems): 

rDO&i/linv’ICl J1 li nil'll ^1 !l OtSyrlrm A cam n 1 i> 'J trl a/ ( jfi 
ilnjtnujnr^ilr.T-liTJir- devil [liniwlt:/: 

□.□up: wf:! : 1 ■ (JN CX-1i>-L! N [X f opyt/tiAf/Hpoal/uiic ppiibl If ■/ im/ 

fflr/iiiijp/imfJt# 

firWitv^HWiA E.V- ,nti(i:il-:J HiT- If 1(1 u >: ch «j nrl V u sr/tlr kl Wji/ush 

Tvnul;Vfcf , uS77t*I.iDjr! 1| rT :S: I0!p>ul G . Kxfet^uw/njwis/ psniF; 
li'3iriy::tD:20:].f mil Kern (ilnrnlh pfi pu ssivd 1 ■ u* r t 

ustrVlpinjfi/IDliVih 

Those entries in [fit;: password file which have li user number 
ol Ef areaccou PCS which have super user privileges and should be 
primary Limpets for password hacking techniques. 

Thi s should he enough Lo pet you pomp on U h 1 EX hack i nt- 
Took for fni'l two which will contain more advanced methods 
u f hacking. 


Public 

Phone 

onboard 


letters 


(continued front page .hdftj 


white the Password drabber is. rtmainu:. that would avoid rhp 
situation described, in the second paragraph of the article. For 
example. H the vicluti has the piesence of mind CO enter a 
COntrol-T wfiilu the password grabber is at ifte WAIT step, i; 
will he obvious to the victim thai ho is stiLI looted on. I he 
solution is to enter SET NOCONTROL=(Y,T)' early in (lye 
program . 


Stake Out 

l>ear licutfcist 

/.(T.vt month. you read ahouf the "pee phones of phiih . " 
Chester Halm as told y&u about free culls from vat ions 
payphones shat hare erjutil access. 

One of our lit iters Mas on a recent trip across the earnin', 
and he had an opportunity to test Mr. Holmes' discovery out in 
other cities around the nation. 


In Chicago and Los Angeles, for example, par phone calls 
are pee when one simply chooses an alternate carrier before 
dialing, 10414, 1(1777, and SOdtih wo r fed A more complete list 
(furnished hy Kid & Co.) ran he found in this month !t 2600 
Information Bttreatt. 

For wit lelco executives , — vou' should realize that 
Philadelphia, t hicago, and I. ns Angeles are among the largest 
vit\es in this country and represent a very large hole fo patch 
i hot fo mention die rest of the free world). 


EQUIPMENT 

Security, Privacy* Police 
Survci I la nee, Cou nlCrmeusu ncs , T tlephone 

BOOKS 

Plans. Secret Reports. Forbidden Knowledge 

■«-* 

,l£Nt> Ijir-tiC rvn I.aPGk ca ta LOG A Hu Out: YPA R t)fi>A net! 

SHERWOOD COMMUNICATIONS 

PhiSmont Commons 
Philmont Avenue Suite (MOST 
Huntingdon Valley* PA [9006 


Call The Private Sector BBS! 

The official bulletin board of 2600 
is available for you to cal II 

NOW RUNNING OBtGlNA L SOFTWARE 
ON A 20-MEG PC WITH THESE SUB BOARDS; 


Telecom Digest 
Media/News 
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© Computer Law 

• Telecom 

• Computer Security 

• User Suggestions 
® ftodioCommun. 

Connect with the famous 
Private Sector BBS and participate 
in interesting and intelligent talk 
o n te tecom m u n i c at io ns a nd com puters 

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3AA 


FULL DI SCLOSURE 

la the rri.tot amazing news. (roper aval I aid e 


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