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Network Working Group L. Law
Request for Comments: 4869 J. Solinas
Category: Informational NSA
May 2007
Suite B Cryptographic Suites for IPsec
Status of This Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).
Abstract
This document proposes four optional cryptographic user interface
suites ("UI suites") for IPsec, similar to the two suites specified
in RFC 4308. The four new suites provide compatibility with the
United States National Security Agency's Suite B specifications.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................2
2. Requirements Terminology ........................................2
3. New UI Suites ...................................................2
3.1. Suite "Suite-B-GCM-128" ....................................2
3.2. Suite "Suite-B-GCM-256" ....................................3
3.3. Suite "Suite-B-GMAC-128" ...................................4
3.4. Suite "Suite-B-GMAC-256" ...................................5
4. Security Considerations .........................................5
5. IANA Considerations .............................................6
6. References ......................................................6
6.1. Normative References .......................................6
6.2. Informative References .....................................7
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RFC 4869 Suite B Cryptographic Suites for IPsec May 2007
1. Introduction
[RFC4308] proposes two optional cryptographic user interface suites
("UI suites") for IPsec. The two suites, VPN-A and VPN-B, represent
commonly used present-day corporate VPN security choices and
anticipated future choices, respectively. This document proposes
four new UI suites based on implementations of the United States
National Security Agency's Suite B algorithms (see [SuiteB]).
As with the VPN suites, the Suite B suites are simply collections of
values for some options in IPsec. Use of UI suites does not change
the IPsec protocols in any way.
2. Requirements Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", and "MAY"
in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
3. New UI Suites
Each of the following UI suites provides choices for ESP (see
[RFC4303]) and for IKEv1 and IKEv2 (see [RFC2409] and [RFC4306]).
The four suites are differentiated by the choice of cryptographic
algorithm strengths and a choice of whether the Encapsulating
Security Payload (ESP) is to provide both confidentiality and
integrity or integrity only. The suite names are based on the
Advanced Encryption Standard [AES] mode and AES key length specified
for ESP.
IPsec implementations that use these UI suites SHOULD use the suite
names listed here. IPsec implementations SHOULD NOT use names
different than those listed here for the suites that are described,
and MUST NOT use the names listed here for suites that do not match
these values. These requirements are necessary for interoperability.
3.1. Suite "Suite-B-GCM-128"
This suite provides ESP integrity protection and confidentiality
using 128-bit AES-GCM (see [RFC4106]). This suite or the following
suite should be used when ESP integrity protection and encryption are
both needed.
ESP:
Encryption AES with 128-bit keys and 16-octet Integrity
Check Value (ICV) in GCM mode [RFC4106]
Integrity NULL
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RFC 4869 Suite B Cryptographic Suites for IPsec May 2007
IKEv1:
Encryption AES with 128-bit keys in CBC mode
[RFC3602]
Pseudo-random function HMAC-SHA-256 [RFC4868]
Hash SHA-256 [FIPS-180-2] [RFC4634]
Diffie-Hellman group 256-bit random ECP group [RFC4753]
Group Type ECP
For IKEv1, Phase 1 SHOULD use Main mode. IKEv1 implementations MUST
support pre-shared key authentication [RFC2409] for interoperability.
The authentication method used with IKEv1 MAY be either pre-shared
key [RFC2409] or ECDSA-256 [RFC4754].
IKEv2:
Encryption AES with 128-bit keys in CBC mode
[RFC3602]
Pseudo-random function HMAC-SHA-256 [RFC4868]
Integrity HMAC-SHA-256-128 [RFC4868]
Diffie-Hellman group 256-bit random ECP group [RFC4753]
Authentication ECDSA-256 [RFC4754]
Rekeying of Phase 2 (for IKEv1) or the CREATE_CHILD_SA (for IKEv2)
MUST be supported by both parties in this suite.
3.2. Suite "Suite-B-GCM-256"
This suite provides ESP integrity protection and confidentiality
using 256-bit AES-GCM (see [RFC4106]). This suite or the preceding
suite should be used when ESP integrity protection and encryption are
both needed.
ESP:
Encryption AES with 256-bit keys and 16-octet ICV in GCM mode
[RFC4106]
Integrity NULL
IKEv1:
Encryption AES with 256-bit keys in CBC mode
[RFC3602]
Pseudo-random function HMAC-SHA-384 [RFC4868]
Hash SHA-384 [FIPS-180-2] [RFC4634]
Diffie-Hellman group 384-bit random ECP group [RFC4753]
Group Type ECP
For IKEv1, Phase 1 SHOULD use Main mode. IKEv1 implementations MUST
support pre-shared key authentication [RFC2409] for interoperability.
The authentication method used with IKEv1 MAY be either pre-shared
key [RFC2409] or ECDSA-384 [RFC4754].
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RFC 4869 Suite B Cryptographic Suites for IPsec May 2007
IKEv2:
Encryption AES with 256-bit keys in CBC mode
[RFC3602]
Pseudo-random function HMAC-SHA-384 [RFC4868]
Integrity HMAC-SHA-384-192 [RFC4868]
Diffie-Hellman group 384-bit random ECP group [RFC4753]
Authentication ECDSA-384 [RFC4754]
Rekeying of Phase 2 (for IKEv1) or the CREATE_CHILD_SA (for IKEv2)
MUST be supported by both parties in this suite.
3.3. Suite "Suite-B-GMAC-128"
This suite provides ESP integrity protection using 128-bit AES-GMAC
(see [RFC4543]) but does not provide confidentiality. This suite or
the following suite should be used only when there is no need for ESP
encryption.
ESP:
Encryption NULL
Integrity AES with 128-bit keys in GMAC mode [RFC4543]
IKEv1:
Encryption AES with 128-bit keys in CBC mode
[RFC3602]
Pseudo-random function HMAC-SHA-256 [RFC4868]
Hash SHA-256 [FIPS-180-2] [RFC4634]
Diffie-Hellman group 256-bit random ECP group [RFC4753]
Group Type ECP
For IKEv1, Phase 1 SHOULD use Main mode. IKEv1 implementations MUST
support pre-shared key authentication [RFC2409] for interoperability.
The authentication method used with IKEv1 MAY be either pre-shared
key [RFC2409] or ECDSA-256 [RFC4754].
IKEv2:
Encryption AES with 128-bit keys in CBC mode
[RFC3602]
Pseudo-random function HMAC-SHA-256 [RFC4868]
Integrity HMAC-SHA-256-128 [RFC4868]
Diffie-Hellman group 256-bit random ECP group [RFC4753]
Authentication ECDSA-256 [RFC4754]
Rekeying of Phase 2 (for IKEv1) or the CREATE_CHILD_SA (for IKEv2)
MUST be supported by both parties in this suite.
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RFC 4869 Suite B Cryptographic Suites for IPsec May 2007
3.4. Suite "Suite-B-GMAC-256"
This suite provides ESP integrity protection using 256-bit AES-GMAC
(see [RFC4543]) but does not provide confidentiality. This suite or
the preceding suite should be used only when there is no need for ESP
encryption.
ESP:
Encryption NULL
Integrity AES with 256-bit keys in GMAC mode [RFC4543]
IKEv1:
Encryption AES with 256-bit keys in CBC mode
[RFC3602]
Pseudo-random function HMAC-SHA-384 [RFC4868]
Hash SHA-384 [FIPS-180-2] [RFC4634]
Diffie-Hellman group 384-bit random ECP group [RFC4753]
Group Type ECP
For IKEv1, Phase 1 SHOULD use Main mode. IKEv1 implementations MUST
support pre-shared key authentication [RFC2409] for interoperability.
The authentication method used with IKEv1 MAY be either pre-shared
key [RFC2409] or ECDSA-384 [RFC4754].
IKEv2:
Encryption AES with 256-bit keys in CBC mode
[RFC3602]
Pseudo-random function HMAC-SHA-384 [RFC4868]
Integrity HMAC-SHA-384-192 [RFC4868]
Diffie-Hellman group 384-bit random ECP group [RFC4753]
Authentication ECDSA-384 [RFC4754]
Rekeying of Phase 2 (for IKEv1) or the CREATE_CHILD_SA (for IKEv2)
MUST be supported by both parties in this suite.
4. Security Considerations
This document inherits all of the security considerations of the
IPsec, IKEv1, and IKEv2 documents. See [CNSSP-15] for guidance on
the use of AES in these suites for the protection of U.S. Government
information.
Some of the security options specified in these suites may be found
in the future to have properties significantly weaker than those that
were believed at the time this document was produced.
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RFC 4869 Suite B Cryptographic Suites for IPsec May 2007
5. IANA Considerations
IANA has created and will maintain a registry called "Cryptographic
Suites for IKEv1, IKEv2, and IPsec" (see [IANA-Suites]). The
registry consists of a text string and an RFC number that lists the
associated transforms. The four new suites in this document have
been added to this registry after approval by an expert designated by
the IESG.
The new values for the registry are:
Identifier Defined in
Suite-B-GCM-128 RFC 4869
Suite-B-GCM-256 RFC 4869
Suite-B-GMAC-128 RFC 4869
Suite-B-GMAC-256 RFC 4869
6. References
6.1. Normative References
[FIPS-180-2] FIPS 180-2 with change notice, "Secure Hash Standard",
National Institute of Standards and Technology,
February 2004.
[IANA-Suites] Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, "Cryptographic
Suites for IKEv1, IKEv2, and IPsec",
<http://www.iana.org/assignments/crypto-suites>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2409] Harkins, D. and D. Carrel, "The Internet Key Exchange
(IKE)", RFC 2409, November 1998.
[RFC3602] Frankel, S., Glenn, R., and S. Kelly, "The AES-CBC
Cipher Algorithm and Its Use with IPsec", RFC 3602,
September 2003.
[RFC4106] Viega, J. and D. McGrew, "The Use of Galois/Counter
Mode (GCM) in IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload
(ESP)", RFC 4106, June 2005.
[RFC4303] Kent, S., "IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)",
RFC 4303, December 2005.
[RFC4306] Kaufman, C., "Internet Key Exchange (IKEv2) Protocol",
RFC 4306, December 2005.
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RFC 4869 Suite B Cryptographic Suites for IPsec May 2007
[RFC4308] Hoffman, P., "Cryptographic Suites for IPsec", RFC
4308, December 2005.
[RFC4543] McGrew, D. and J. Viega, "The Use of Galois Message
Authentication Code (GMAC) in IPsec ESP and AH", RFC
4543, May 2006.
[RFC4753] Fu, D. and J. Solinas, "ECP Groups for IKE and IKEv2",
RFC 4753, November 2006.
[RFC4754] Fu, D. and J. Solinas, "IKE and IKEv2 Authentication
Using ECDSA", RFC 4754, November 2006.
[RFC4868] Kelly, S. and S. Frankel, "Using HMAC-SHA-256, HMAC-
SHA-384, and HMAC-SHA-512 with IPsec", RFC 4868, May
2007.
6.2. Informative References
[AES] U.S. Department of Commerce/National Institute of
Standards and Technology, "Advanced Encryption Standard
(AES)", FIPS PUB 197, November 2001,
<http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/index.html>.
[CNSSP-15] Committee on National Security Systems, "National
Policy on the Use of the Advanced Encryption Standard
(AES) to Protect National Security Systems and National
Security Information", June 2003,
<http://www.cnss.gov/Assets/pdf/cnssp_15_fs.pdf>.
[RFC4634] Eastlake 3rd, D. and T. Hansen, "US Secure Hash
Algorithms (SHA and HMAC-SHA)", RFC 4634, July 2006.
[SuiteB] U.S. National Security Agency, "Fact Sheet NSA Suite B
Cryptography", July 2005, <http://www.nsa.gov/ia/
industry/crypto_Suite_b.cfm?MenuID=10.2.7>.
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RFC 4869 Suite B Cryptographic Suites for IPsec May 2007
Authors' Addresses
Laurie E. Law
National Information Assurance Research Laboratory
National Security Agency
EMail: lelaw@orion.ncsc.mil
Jerome A. Solinas
National Information Assurance Research Laboratory
National Security Agency
EMail: jasolin@orion.ncsc.mil
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RFC 4869 Suite B Cryptographic Suites for IPsec May 2007
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Acknowledgement
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Internet Society.
Law & Solinas Informational [Page 9]