💾 Archived View for 80h.dev › agena › gopherpedia.com › 0 › Sri captured on 2020-11-07 at 00:43:55.
View Raw
More Information
-=-=-=-=-=-=-
======================================================================
= Sri =
======================================================================
Introduction
======================================================================
Shri (; Devanagari: श्री, ISO: , , ), also transliterated as Shree,
Sri or Sree, is an Indian word denoting wealth and prosperity,
primarily used as an honorific.
The word is widely used in South and Southeast Asian languages such as
Indonesian Javanese, Balinese, Sinhala, Thai, Tamil, Telugu, Hindi,
Nepali, Malayalam, Kannada, Sanskrit, Pali and Malay. It is
transliterated as 'Sri', 'Sree', 'Shri', 'Si' or 'Seri' based on the
local convention for transliteration.
The term is used in Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia as a polite
form of address equivalent to the English "Mr." or "Ms." in written
and spoken language, but also as a title of veneration for deities.
Shri is also another name for Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of wealth,
while a 'yantra' or a mystical diagram popularly used to worship her
is called Shri Yantra.
Etymology
======================================================================
Monier-Williams Dictionary gives the meaning of the root verb as "to
cook, boil, to burn, diffuse light", but as a feminine abstract noun,
it has received a general meaning of "grace, splendour, beauty;
wealth, affluence, prosperity".
The word may also be used as an adjective in Sanskrit, which is the
origin of the modern use of shri as a title. From the noun, is
derived the Sanskrit adjective “śrīmat” (śrimān in the masculine
nominative singular, śrīmatī in the feminine), by adding the suffix
indicating possession, literally “radiance-having” (person, god,
etc). This is used in modern vernacular as form of address 'Shrimati'
(abbreviated Smt) for married women, while 'Sushri', (with “su”,
“good”, added to the beginning), can be used for women in general
(regardless of marital status).
Spelling and pronunciation
============================
In Devanagari script for Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi and other languages,
the word is combination of three sounds: (), () and (, long i).
There are two conventions in India to transliterate the syllable
(ISO: ) (i.e., () with the inherent vowel (); () + ()) to English.
Some use the convention of 'sa' for transcribing as in 'Sri Lanka'
and 'Srinagar', while others use the convention of 'sha' for
transcribing as in 'Shimla' and 'Shimoga'. Similarly, (; ) is also
transliterated to English in two different ways as 'ri' and 'ree',
although the latter is non-standard. Hence, in English, the spelling
of this word varies from Shri (the standard spelling) to Shree
through Sri and Sree. Whatever be the transliteration, the
pronunciation is the same. Sanskrit is written in many Indian scripts
as well, in which case there are corresponding letters which have the
exact same values as the Devanagari, so the Sanskrit pronunciation
remains the same regardless of script.
Usage
======================================================================
'Shri' is a polite form of address equivalent to the English "Mr." or
"Ms.".
'Shri' is also frequently used as an epithet of some Hindu gods, in
which case it is often translated into English as 'Holy'. Also, in
language and general usage, 'Shri', if used by itself and not followed
by any name, refers to the supreme consciousness, i.e. God.
'Shri Devi' (or in short Shri, another name of Lakshmi, consort of
Vishnu) is the devi (goddess) of wealth according to Hindu beliefs.
Among today's orthodox Vaishnavas, the English word "Shree" is a
revered syllable and is used to refer to Lakshmi, while "Sri" or
"Shri" is used to address humans.
'Shri' is one of the names of Ganesha, the Hindu god of prosperity.
'Shri' is also used as a title of the Hindu deities Rāma, Krishna,
Saraswati and sometimes Durgā.
Repetition
============
'Shri' may be repeated depending on the status of the person.
- Shri: for anybody
- Shri 2: honorific, guru, e.g. Ravi Shankar
- Shri 3: title used by former Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski and PMs
of Nepal (e.g. Shrī Tīn Jung Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji)
- Shri 5: title used by former King of Nepal (e.g. 'Shri pānch ko
sarkār' (His Majesty's Government)
- Shri 108: used by spiritual leaders
- Shri 1008: used by spiritual leaders (e.g. Shri 1008 Satyatma
Tirtha)
Other current usage
======================================================================
There is a common practice of writing 'Shri' as the first word
centralised in line at the beginning of a document.
During the Vidyāraṃbhaṃ ceremony, the mantra "Om hari shri ganapataye
namah" is written in sand or in a tray of rice grains by a child,
under the supervision of a Guru or Priest.
Another usage is as an emphatic compound (which can be used several
times: 'shri shri', or 'shri shri shri', etc.) in princely styles,
notably in Darbar Shri, Desai Shri and Thakur Shri or Shrii Shrii
Anandamurti, the founder of the social and spiritual movement Ananda
Marga (the Path of Bliss).
The honorific can also be applied to objects and concepts that are
widely respected, such as the Sikh religious text, the Shri Guru
Granth Sahib. Similarly, when the Ramlila tradition of reenacting the
Ramayana is referred to as an institution, the term Shri Ramlila is
frequently used.
Indian music
==============
The use of the term is common in the names of ragas (musical motifs),
either as a prefix or postfix. Some examples are Shree, Bhagyashree,
Dhanashree, Jayashree, Subhashree, Itishree, Jiteshree and Shree
ranjani.
South and Southeast Asia
==========================
Language/Script !! Shri written as !! Notes
Bengali-Assamese script শ্রী
Burmese (thiri) See Tamil below.
Filipino 'Sri' or 'Sree' Formerly used as an honorific title for
rulers in old Indianized pre-Hispanic kingdoms and rajahnates in the
Philippines, such as Sri Lumay of the Rajahnate of Cebu or Sri Bata
Shaja of the Rajahnate of Butuan.
Gujarati શ્રી
Indonesian 'Sri' or 'Sree' Often used as a title of veneration;
however "Sri" is also the name of the ancient Javan rice goddess Dewi
Sri. It is also used as a royal title such as "Sri Bhaginda", etc.
"Sri" can also be used as part of a proper name, usually by Javanese
people, such as "Sri Rahayu", "Ibu Sri" (Mrs. Sri), "Sri Agung", "Sri
Padma Kenchana", etc.
Javanese ('Sri' or 'Sree') alternatively written as or Often
used to address royal or venerated figures, such as "Sri Bhaginda"
(equivalent to "your majesty), and for names of deities, such as the
ancient Javan rice goddess Dewi Sri. In modern Javanese, it is a
common part of proper names, eg. the name of former Indonesian finance
minister Sri Mulyani Indrawati. "Sri" is also used as a name for
things other than people, such as the Indonesian bus companies "Sri
Rahayu" and "Sri Padma Kenchana".
Kannada ('Sri' or 'Sree')
Khmer ('Srey') and ('Serey')
Lao ('Si') and ('Sri' or 'Sree')
| Malay || سري ('Seri')||honorific titles]] in Malay kingdoms and
sultanates. This includes the honorific title for the Sultan of
Brunei: 'Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka **Seri** Baginda Sultan'
Hassanal Bolkiah. It is also used for the name of places such as
Bandar Seri Begawan
Malayalam ശ്രീ ('Sri' or 'Sree')
Odia ଶ୍ରୀ
Gurmukhi ਸ਼੍ਰੀ
Sinhala ශ්රී ('Sri' or 'Sree') also ශ්රී ('Sri' or 'Sree') or සිරි
('Siri') Meaning "resplendent", as in 'Sri Lanka', "Resplendent
Island".
Tamil ஸ்ரீ ('Sri' or 'Sree') The Tamil equivalent Thiru is also
used.
Telugu శ్రీ ('Sri' or 'Sree')
Thai ('Siri') and ('Sri' or 'Sree' or 'Si') Used in many Thai
place names, as seen below.
Vietnamese/Cham 'Chế' Vietnamese transcription of honorific name
prefix used among the Cham ethnic minority.
Place names
=============
The honorific is incorporated into many place names. A partial list
follows:
- Srimangal, Bangladesh
- Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh, a Siva temple, also one of the holiest
places of worship for Hindus.
- Srikakulam, a town in northern Andhra Pradesh.
- Sri City, an integrated township located on the Andhra Pradesh and
Tamil Nadu border.
- Shri Kshetra, name of the Puri Jagannath Dham, Odisha. One of the
four Dhams in the Hindu religion.
- Sree Mandira () is a famous Hindu temple dedicated to Jagannath
(Krishna) and located in the coastal town of Puri in Odisha.
- Sri Lanka, an island country at the southern tip of India.
- Sri Perumbudur, a town in the state of Tamil Nadu
- Sri Rangam, an island zone in the city of Tiruchirapalli, in Tamil
Nadu.
- Srinagar, 'nagar' meaning "city", is the capital of the Union
territory of Jammu and Kashmir
- Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte, the administrative capital of Sri Lanka.
- Sri Maha Bodhi, a sacred fig tree in the Mahamewna Gardens,
Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
- Srivijaya, a former kingdom centered on Sumatra, Indonesia.
- Sriwijaya University, located in South Sumatra, Indonesia
- Sri (), pronounced and usually transliterated 'Si' in Thailand place
names:
:'Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya' (), formal name of the city and province
of Ayutthaya
:Nakhon 'Si' Thammarat () city and province
:Sisaket () city and province
- Wat 'Si' Saket in Vientiane, Laos.
- Bandar 'Seri' Begawan, the capital of Brunei.
- Seri Menanti, the royal town of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
See also
======================================================================
- Indian honorifics
- Thai honorifics
- Thai royal and noble titles
- Malay styles and titles
- Filipino styles and honorifics
- Indonesian honorifics
- Sinhala honorifics
- Greater India
License
=========
All content on Gopherpedia comes from Wikipedia, and is licensed under CC-BY-SA
License URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Original Article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri
.