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P.L.E DOCUMENTATION
ENTERED BY JUDIE MAC
LOADING/RUNNING P.L.EDITOR
IF YOU OWN AN APPLE II PLUS SYSTEM THAT DOES NOT HAVE AN INTEGER BASIC
FIRMWARE CARD, THE PROGRAM LINE EDITOR WILL NOT BE RUN WHEN THE
SUPPLIED DISK IS BOOTED. THIS IS BECAUSE THE GREETING PROGRAM IS AN
INTEGER BASIC PROGRAM. SO, THE FOLLOWING STEPS MUST BE TAKEN IN ORDER
TO ALLOW THE PROGRAM LINE EDITOR DISK TO BOOT PROPERLY IN APPLESOFT.
1. REMOVE THE WRITE PROTECT TABS FROM THE EDGE OF THE INCLUDED DISK.
2. INSERT AND BOOT THE DISK.
3. UNLOCK PROGRAM LINE EDITOR
4. UNLOCK PLE.FP
5. RENAME PROGRAM LINE EDITOR, PLE.INT
6. RENAME PLE.FP.PROGRAM LINE EDITOR
7. LOCK PROGRAM LINE EDITOR
8. LOCK PLE.INT
9. REPLACE THE WRITE PROTECT TAB.
10. REBOOT THE DISK
AFTER THIS IS DONE, JUST BOOT THE DISK NORMALLY. SOON, A DISK CATALOG
WILL APPEAR ,LETTING YOU KNOW THE PLE IS UP AND RUNNING.
WHEN THE PLE HAS BEEN RUN, YOU SHOULDN'T NOTICE ANYTHING UNUSUAL ABOUT
THE OPERATION OF YOUR APPLE. IN FACT, EVERYTHING IS THE SAME, EXCEPT
FOR ALL OF THE NEW COMMANDS AND FEATURES DESCRIBED IN THE FOLLOWING
PAGES.
NOTE:
WHEN THE PLE IS UP AND RUNNING, DOS WILL SET HI-MEM:1536 BYTES LOWER
THAN NORMAL FOR YOUR SYSTEM.
PAGE 1
THERE ARE TWO NEW COMMANDS ADDED TO BASIC THAT ALLOW YOU TO EDIT
EITHER A PROGRAM LINE OR THE LAST LINE OF CHARACTERS TYPED AT THE
KEYBOARD. THESE ARE CTRL-E (EDIT) AND CTRL-W
ENTERING EDIT MODE:
CTRL-E AND CTRL-W
THIS IS THE COMMAND USED WHEN YOU WANT TO EDIT A LINE IN YOUR
PROGRAM.`TO TYPE CTRL-E, JUST PRESS THE CTRL KEY AND HOLD IT DOWN
WHILE YOU HIT THE E KEY. AFTER THE WORD "EDIT" APPEARS, TYPE THE LINE
NUMBER OF THE LINE YOU WANT TO EDIT. THE LINE WILL APPEAR, WITH THE
CURSOR AT THE BEGINNING OF THE FIRST STATEMENT IN THE LINE. THE LINE
EDITOR REMEMBERS THE NUMBER OF THE LAST LINE EDITED, SO, IF YOU WANT
TO EDIT THE SAME LINE AGAIN LATER, SIMPLY TYPE CTRL-E AND A PERIOD
(.). THIS WILL CAUSE THE LAST - EDITED LINE TO REAPPEAR.
HERE ARE A FEW THINGS TO WATCH FOR WHEN USING CRTL-E TO ENTER EDIT
MODE:
1. CTRL-E MUST BE THE FIRST CHARACTER TYPED ON A LINE.
2. DON'T TRY TO EDIT LINE 0 OF AN APPLESOFT PROGRAM.
3. CTRL-E IS DISABLED DURING INPUTS AND MONITOR.
4. BACKSPACING INTO THE WORD EDIT BEFORE TYPING THE LINE NUMBER MAY
DISABLE CTRL-R (RESTART) IN EDIT MODE.
5. IF YOU INADVERTENTLY TYPE THE ESCAPE KEY BEFORE TYPING CTRL-E, TWO
WARNING BELLS WILL SOUND AND YOU WILL NOT ENTER EDIT MODE. IF A LINE
NUMBER IS TYPED AFTER THE WARNING BELL, HITTING RETURN MAY DELETE THE
LINE.
6. IF A LINE IS LONGER THAN THE MAXIMUM BASIC LINE LENGTH (128 FOR
INTEGER BASIC, 239 FOR APPLESOFT), IT WILL BE AUTO-PACKED, REMOVING
ALL EXTRANEOUS SPACES FROM THE LINE.
CTRL-W
THIS IS THE COMMAND TO USE WHEN YOU HAVE TYPED A LINE IN INTEGER BASIC
AND RECEIVED A ***SYNTAX ERROR MESSAGE, JUST TYPE CTRL-W AND THE LINE
WILL INSTANTLY REAPPEAR. CTRL-W WORKS DURING INPUTS, AND IT WILL
RECOVER AND RE-EXECUTE IMMEDIATE COMMANDS. THIS COMMAND CAN ALSO BE
USED TO RECOVER LINES CANCELED WITH CTRL-X. CTRL-W ACTUALLY WORKS TWO
WAYS, DEPENDING ON WHEN IT IS TYPED. IF IT IS TYPED AS THE FIRST
CHARACTER ON A LINE, IT WILL CAUSE THE LAST LINE TYPED FROM THE
KEYBOARD TO REAPPEAR. IF IT IS TYPED WHILE ENTERING A LINE, CTRL-W
RETYPES THE LINE AND ENTERS EDIT MODE.
HERE ARE SOME THINGS TO BE CAREFUL OF WHEN USING CTRL-W:
1. CTRL-W DOES NOT WORK WHEN ENTERED AS THE FIRST CHARACTER OF AN
APPLESOFT LINE.
2. VERY LONG LINES MAY BE AUTO-PACKED, REMOVING ALL EXTRANEOUS
SPACES.
EDIT MODE:CONTROL COMMANDS
ALL OF THE FOLLOWING COMMANDS ARE AVAILABLE ONLY AFTER ENTERING EDIT
MODE AS DESCRIBED. CONTROL CHARACTERS IN THE EDITED LINE ARE DISPLAYED
IN INVERSE VIDEO DURING EDIT MODE. A WARNING BELL WILL SOUND IF YOUR
LINE HAS REACHED THE MAXIMUM BASIC LINE LENGTH (128 FOR INTEGER BASIC,
239 LINES FOR APPLESOFT).
NOTICE THE FIRST CHARACTER OF EACH COMMAND'S NAME IS THE SAME AS (OR
SOUNDS LIKE) THE COMMAND ITSELF. THIS IS AN EASY WAY TO REMEMBER THESE
COMMANDS.
EDIT MODE COMMANDS
CTRL-I
INSERT -THIS COMMAND ALLOWS YOU TO INSERT CHARACTER INTO THE LINE.
NON-CONTROL CHARACTERS TYPED AFTER A CTRL-I WILL BE INSERTED IN FRONT
OF THE CURSOR, AND THE REST OF THE LINE WILL SPREAD TO MAKE ROOM. ALL
FOLLOWING CHARACTERS TYPED WILL BE INSERTED UNTIL A CONTROL CHARACTER
IS TYPED (SUCH AS <-,->, OR ANOTHER EDIT MODE COMMAND). TO INSERT
CONTROL CHARACTERS, SEE OVERRIDE.
CTRL-D
DELETE -TO DELETE THE CHARACTER UNDER THE CURSOR FROM THE LINE, TYPE
CTRL-D. THE CHARACTER WILL DISAPPEAR, AND THE REST OF THE LINE WILL
MOVE IN AND FILL UP THE SPACE CREATED. IF YOU DELETE TOO MUCH, YOU CAN
RECOVER THE LINE WITH RESTART
CTRL-F
FIND -FOLLOWED BY A CHARACTER TYPED N TIMES, FIND WILL MOVE THE CURSOR
TO THE NTH OCCURRENCE OF THE CHARACTER IN THE LINE. FOR EXAMPLE, TO
POSITION THE CURSOR ON THE THIRD COLON (:) IN A LINE, TYPE CTRL-F :::.
NOTICE THAT YOU ONLY NEED TYPE CTRL-F ONCE. TYPE ANY OTHER CHARACTER
TO TERMINATE FIND
CTRL-Z
ZAP - THIS FUNCTION DELETES ALL CHARACTERS UP TO A SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
A CTRL-Z FOLLOWED BY A CHARACTER TYPED N TIMES WILL DELETE ALL
CHARACTERS UP TO THE NTH OCCURRENCE OF THAT CHARACTER (MUCH LIKE
FIND). FOR EXAMPLE, TO DELETE THREE STATEMENTS FROM A LINE, TYPE
CTRL-Z :::. TYPE ANY OTHER CHARACTER TO TERMINATE ZAP. IF YOU ZAP A
LITTLE TOO FAR, YOU CAN RESTORE THE ORIGINAL LINE WITH RESTART
CTRL-0
OVERRIDE - THIS COMMAND FUNCTIONS EXACTLY LIKE THE INSERT COMMAND
EXCEPT THAT THE FIRST CHARACTER INSERTED MAY BE A CONTROL CHARACTER.
AFTER THE FIRST CHARACTER HAS BEEN INSERTED, OVERRIDE BEHAVES EXACTLY
LIKE INSERT THAT IS, INSERTION IS TERMINATED WITH A CONTROL CHARACTER.
INSERTED CONTROL CHARACTERS ARE DISPLAYED IN INVERSE VIDEO IN EDIT
MODE. YOU CAN USE OVERRIDE TO INSERT CTRL-D'S INTO PRINT STATEMENTS
FOR DOS COMMANDS. YOU MIGHT ALSO WANT TO EXPERIMENT WITH OTHER CONTROL
CHARACTERS SUCH AS THE FOUR PROGRAMMABLE CURSOR CHARACTERS (CTRL-
H,I,J,K), BACKSPACES, AND CARRIAGE RETURNS.
CTRL-R
RESTART- THE RESTART COMMAND IS USED TO RE-EDIT THE ORIGINAL LINE,
REGARDLESS OF ANY CHANGES OR DELETIONS YOU MIGHT HAVE MADE (A LIFE
SAVER). RESTART DOES NOT WORK IF YOU ENTERED EDIT MODE WITH A
CTRL-W.
CTRL-P
PACK-THE PACK COMMAND ALLOWS YOU TO REMOVE EXTRANEOUS SPACES IN EDITED
LINES THAT WOULD OTHERWISE CAUSE A *** TOO LONG ERROR. CTRL-P WILL
RETYPE A LINE
WITH ALL SPACES REMOVED EXCEPT THOSE WITHIN QUOTES. PACK CAN ALSO BE
USED WHEN YOU HEAR THE BELL WARNING YOU THAT YOUR LINE IS TOO LONG. TO
PROTECT REMARK LINES FROM BEING PACKED, ENTER A QUOTE AS THE FIRST
CHARACTER OF THE REMARK.
CTRL-C
CONVERT - THE CONVERT COMMAND IS USED TO QUICKLY CONVERT UPPER CASE
TEXT TO LOWER CASE, OR VICE VERSA. CTRL-C CONVERTS THE CHARACTER UNDER
THE CURSOR TO THE CURRENT CASE SET BY THE CTRL-A/CTRL-S UPPER-LOWER
SHIFT LOCK, AND ADVANCES THE CURSOR.
CTRL-B
BEGIN - THIS COMMAND MOVES THE CURSOR TO THE BEGINNING OF THE LINE. IT
IS USEFUL FOR REPOSITIONING THE CURSOR BEFORE USING THE FIND COMMAND,
AND FOR RENUMBERING LINES.
CTRL-N
END - THIS COMMAND MOVES THE CURSOR TO THE END OF THE LINE.CTRL-Q QUIT
- THE QUIT COMMAND DELETES TO THE END OF THE LINE STARTING FROM THE
CURSOR POSITION AND EXITS EDIT MODE. THE LINE IS ENTERED UP TO THE
CURSOR POSITION.
CTRL-M
RETURN - TYPING A CARRIAGE RETURN WILL EXIT EDIT MODE AND SAVE THE
LINE EXACTLY AS IT APPEARS ON THE SCREEN THIS IS THE USUAL WAY OF
LEAVING EDIT MODE.
CTRL-X
CANCEL - CTRL-X IS USED TO CANCEL THE LINE BEING EDITED, AND EXIT EDIT
MODE. A LINE CANCELLED WITH CTRL-X CAN BE RECOVERED WITH CTRL-W.
<-,->
THE BACKWARD AND FORWARD ARROW KEYS WORK JUST AS THEY NORMALLY DO,
MOVING THE CURSOR BACKWARD OR FORWARD ONE SPACE. THESE ARE ALSO
INVOKED WITH CTRL-H AND CTRL-U, RESPECTIVELY.
CTRL-A, CTRL-S
THE UPPER AND LOWER CASE SHIFT LOCK KEYS ALSO WORK IN EDIT MODE.
CTRL-A IS UPPER SHIFT LOCK, AND CTRL-S IS THE LOWER SHIFT LOCK. (SEE
CONVERT)
STOP LIST ESC OR
CTRL-S
TEMPORARILY STOP,I.E. PROGRAM LISTINGS OR CATALOG, HIT CTRL-S OR
ESC. EXIT COMMAND, HIT ANY KEY.
CANCEL LIST
CTRL-C
TO TERMINATE LISTING ENTIRELY AND RETURN TO BASIC
FLUSH LIST
CTRL-F
TO QUICKLY SKIP THROUGH LONG LISTINGS. TO RESUME OUTPUT TO SCREEN
CTRL-F
NOTICE: ESC AND CTRL-S:
DURING INPUT BE CAREFUL. THE ABOVE COMMANDS S, C, F, ESC, WORK ONLY
WHEN CHARACTERS ARE ACTUALLY BEING PRINTED ON THE SCREEN.
CURSOR CONTROL
CTRL-H - LEFT
CTRL-I - RIGHT
CTRL-J - DOWN
CTRL-K - UP
THESE CHARACTER ALLOW YOU TO CONTROL THE POSITION OF THE CURSOR FROM
WITHIN PRINT, REM, OR INPUT STATEMENTS.
EXAMPLE:
A PRINT STATEMENT WITH AN ASTERISK FOLLOWED BY FIVE CTRL-K'S AND
ANOTHER ASTERISK WILL PRINT AN ASTERISK ONE SPACE AHEAD AND FOUR LINES
ABOVE THE OTHER.
ESCAPE FUNCTIONS
NOTE:
THE ESCAPE FUNCTIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE DURING EDIT MODE!
ESC @, A-G
THESE ARE NORMAL APPLE ESCAPE COMMANDS. THEY WORK AS IS IN MANUAL.
ESC P
TYPING ESC-P/ SAME AS ESC SHIFT-P, EXCEPT DON'T USE SHIFT KEY.
ESC I, HJ, K, M
SIMULATE AUTOSTART ROM ESCAPE EDITING. SAME AS ESC A, B, C, D.
ESC T
THIS TYPES TEXT AND RETURN, AND THEN POKE -16300,0 RETURN, WHICH
RETURNS YOU TO TEXT PAGE 1.
ESC L
TYPE LIST AND A CARRIAGE RETURN.
ESC O AUTOMATICALLY TYPES CALL-936
ESC 1,2 ESC 1 WILL CATALOG THE DISK IN DRIVE 1
ESC 2 WILL CATALOG THE DISK IN DRIVE 2
ESC / USE IN PLACE OF WORD PRINT
ESC: THIS DOES A CALL-151 NOTE THAT A ":" IS A LOWER CASE "*" THE
MONITOR PROMPT CHARACTER.WHEN EXECUTED ALL THAT IS SEEN IS "MON"
ESC <- -> PERFORMS EIGHT <- AND ->. TYPING ESC ->->->->-> WILL COPY
AN ENTIRE LINE FROM THE APPLE SCREEN WHILE ESC <- <- WILL FAST
BACKSPACE SIXTEEN TIMES.
ESC Q
THIS FUNCTION WILL BRING THE VALUE OF THE CONTENTS OF ANY TWO MEMORY
LOCATIONS. TO USE, YOU MUST FIRST SET THE VARIABLE A EQUAL TO THE
ADDRESS OF THE LOCATION OF THE TWO-BYTE NUMBER. (THIS IS DONE BY
TYPING A=N, WHERE N IS AN INTEGER) NEXT JUST TYPE ESC Q. THIS FUNCTION
IS ROUGHLY EQUIVALENT TO PRINT PEEK (A) + PEEK (A+1) * 256, EXCEPT
THAT VALUES GREATER THAT 32767 ARE PRINTED AS NEGATIVE NUMBERS. IN
INTEGER BASIC SETTING A=74 WILL PRINT THE CURRENT VALUE OF LOMEM: AND
A=76 WILL PRINT THE ADDRESS OF HIMEM: IN APPLESOFT USE A=105 AND A=73
RESPECTIVELY, TO PRINT THE VALUE OF LOMEM: AND HIMEM: THIS FUNCTION IS
NOT PRINTED ON THE SCREEN DURING EXECUTION.
ESC W
WILL CALCULATE THE START ADDRESS AND LENGTH OF THE MOST RECENTLY
BLOADED DISK FILE ON 48K SYSTEM. YOU MUST CHANGE THE CONSTANTS WITHIN
THE FUNCTION WITH THE ESC CREATE PROGRAMS FOR USE WITH OTHER SIZE
SYSTEMS.
ESC !-% -ESC SHIFT 1 THRU ESC SHIFT 5
MAKE AVAILABLE THE FIVE CHARACTERS THAT ARE NOT NORMALLY AVAILABLE ON
THE APPLE KEYBOARD: THE RIGHT BRACKET, THE BACKSLASH, THE UNDERLINE,
CTRL-/, AND CTRL
ESCAPE FUNCTIONS CAN BE USED FOR ANYTHI NG, REMEMBER POKES PEEKS
CALLS, TYPE RESPONSES TO INPUT, FIRE UP PRINTER DRIVER, APPEND INTEGER
BASIC.
ESCAPE CREATE.INT
ESCAPE CREATE.FP
WHEN USING THE ESC CREATE PROGRAM TO DISPLAY THE ESCAPE FUNCTIONS
YOU'VE NOTICED THAT THE CURSOR MOVEMENT COMMANDS ESC@ @ THROUGH ESC F
ARE DEFINED IN TERMS OF THEMSELVES.
IF YOU DON'T WANT THE TEXT OF THE ESCAPE FUNCTION TO BE DISPLAYED ON
THE APPLE SCREEN JUST INSERT (') APOSTROPHE INTO THE FUNCTION AT THE
PLACE WHERE YOU WANT TO DISABLE THE DISPLAY (USUALLY THE FIRST
CHARACTER OF THE FUNCTION). WHEN ENCOUNTERED, DURING EXECUTION OF AN
ESC FUNCTION, LISTING OF THE FUNCTION IS TURNED OFF AND (') SKIPPED
OVER NOT ENTERED INTO THE LINE AS PART OF THE FUNCTION.
ALSO NOTICE ESC CTRL-E IS DEFINED AS TWO BELLS AND A CTRL-X. THIS CAN
BE A LIFE SAVER IF YOU USE ESC KEY FOR STOP LIST AND YOU ACCIDENTALLY
HIT THE ESC KEY AFTER THE LISTING HAS STOPPED. THE NEXT KEY WILL BE
PROCESSED AS AN ESCAPE FUNCTION AND THUS YOU WILL NOT ENTER EDIT
MODE.
TYPE CTRL-E TO ENTER EDIT MODE AND YOU HEAR TWO BELL, YOU KNOW TO TRY
AGAIN.
USING PLE GREETING PROGRAM ON YOUR OWN DISK:
A. INSERT PLE DISK AND BOOT.
B. DECIDE INTEGER BASIC OR APPLESOFT OF THE GREETING PROGRAM YOU WANT.
C. LOAD PLE
D. INSERT YOUR OWN DISK.
E. CATALOG YOUR DISK TO FIND OUT THE NAME AND FILE TYPE OF ITS EXISTING
GREETING PROGRAM.
F. SAVE HELLO. YOU NOW HAVE REPLACED
THE OLD GREETING PROGRAM WITH PLE
GREETING PROGRAMS:
A. LOAD PLE
B. DEL 10,30
C. ENTER YOUR PROGRAM.
INTEGER: THE LAST STATEMENTS EXECUTED IN YOUR PROGRAM MUST GOSUB
32767: PRINT "<CTRL-D>INT"
APPLESOFT: THE LAST STATEMENT EXECUTED MUST BE GOSUB 63999:PRINT
"<CTRL-D>FP"
BECAUSE THE FINAL INT AND FP IMMEDIATELY TERMINATES THE PROGRAM AND
CLEARS PROGRAM MEMORY, IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO RUN AN OTHER PROGRAM FROM
YOUR GREETING PROGRAM. BRUN CATALOG AND EXEC ETC., ARE ALLOWED
D. INSERT YOUR OWN DISK.
E. SAVE HELLO
IT IS POSSIBLE TO INIT A NEW DISK WITH A PLE GREETING PROGRAM.
ENTERING BASIC FROM APPLE MONITOR
TO RETURN TO BASIC AFTER HITTING RESET OR CALL-151,TYPE CTRL-Y AND HIT
RETURN. IF YOU USE 3D0G TO RE-ENTER BASIC THE PLE WILL BE DISABLED
UNTIL BASIC IS REENTERED WITH CTRL-Y. IF YOU HAVE AUTOSTART ROM,
HITTING RESET WILL ALWAYS RETURN YOU TO BASIC WITH THE EDITOR UP AND
RUNNING.
THE PLE IS MUCH CONNECTED TO THE APPLE LIKE A PRINTER OR OTHER
PERIPHERAL. THEREFORE WHEN YOU USE PR# IN# THE PLE IS TEMPORARILY
DISABLED AND MUST BE RECONNECTED. IN APPLESOFT CALL-1013 OR SIMPLY AN
& IN YOUR PROGRAM OR FROM THE KEYBOARD. INTEGER DOESN'T HAVE &
STATEMENT YOU MUST USE CALL-1013 TO RECONNECT THE PLE.
MEMORY CONFLICTS; TO TRANSFER TO ANOTHER DISK
A. BLOAD REMOVE PLE
B. BSAVE REMOVE PLE,A$300,L$3A