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BELIEFS AND CUSTOMS OF WICCA
Not every Wiccan will subscribe to all of these points, but
generally they are representative.
1. The divine Spirit is present in all creatures and things:
people, animals, plants, stones...
2. The ultimate creative force manifests in both feminine and
masculine modes; therefore it is often symbolized as the Goddess
and The God.
3. In some covens, both are celebrated equally. In others, The
Goddess is given precedence or even celebrated without reference
to the God.
4. All Goddesses and Gods are aspects of The Goddess and The God.
The aspects most popular in Wicca are the Triple Goddess of the
Moon (Maiden, Mother and Crone) and the Horned God of death and
rebirth.
5. Reincarnation and karma are valid concepts. Upon death one
goes to a state of rest and reflection, and eventually chooses
where and when s/he will be reborn.
6. Magick is practiced for positive (helping) purposes:
spiritual development, healing, guidance, safety, etc.
7. Rituals are generally performed outdoors when possible, at the
New and Full Moons, and at eight Sabbat festivals which mark the
progression of the seasons.
8. Magick and celebration are performed in small groups, usually
3 to 13, called covens. These are basically autonomous -- there
is no central church authority or hierarchy.
9. There is no holy book, or prophet, no equivalent of the Bible
or Jesus or Mohammed. Individuals have access to the divine, and
do not require an intermediary. Every initiate is regarded as a
priest/ess.
10. The central ethic is "And ye harm none, do as ye will."
Whatever energy you send out returns threefold, so it is wise to
be kind to others.
11. We should live in harmony with the Earth and Nature, and not
exploit them.
12. Though Wicca is a valid spiritual path, it is not the only
one. There is no recruiting, and people should be free to choose
the path that best fits their needs.
13. The concepts of original sin, sacrifice, redemption,
confession, the divinity of Jesus, sinfulness of sex, Judgment,
Heaven and Hell, denigration of women, bodily resurrection, and
the Bible as divine revelation are not part of Wicca. Neither are
Satanism, the Black Mass, desecration of cemeteries, the sacrifice
of animals, etc.
EARTH-RITE / Mission San Jose, CA / 415-651-9496
Copyright (c) 1983 Amber K., Our Lady of the Woods. Used by
Permission
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[General]
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1: Basic Information
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1: One view of Wiccan Beliefs
2: pagan q & a
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A LITTLE LESS MISUNDERSTANDING
(What Christians Don't Understand about Neopaganism)
by J. Brad Hicks
Q: Are you a witch?
A: That's actually a tricky question to answer, so let me go
about it in a round-about way. What I am is a Neopagan.
Neopaganism is a beautiful, complex religion that is not in
opposition to Christianity in any way - just different. However,
some of the people that the Catholic church burned as "witches"
were people who practiced the same things that I do. In
identification with them and the suffering that they went through,
some of us (Neopagans) call ourselves witches.
One expert, P.E.I. Bonewits, says that there are actually
several kinds of groups who call themselves "witches." Some are
people whose ancestors were the village healers, herbalists,
midwives, and such, many of whom had (or were ascribed to have)
mental, psychic, or magical powers, which were passed down through
the family in the form of oral tradition, and Bonewits calls them
"Traditional Witches." Some are people who have deliberately used
the term to oppose themselves to Christianity, are practicing
"Satanists," and practice (deliberately) most of the practices
invented by the Inquisitors. Bonewits calls them "Gothic" or
"Neo-Gothic Witches." Of a different kind are some radical
feminist groups, who call themselves witches because they believe
that the original Inquisition was primarily anti-female; some of
these also practice magic, many of them do not - Bonewits calls
them "Feminist Witches." But the vast majority of modern witches
are harmless people who worship God in many forms, including the
Lord of the Dance, the Lady, and the Mother Earth. These are the
people that Bonewits (and I) call"Neopagan Witches" - and this is
what I am.
I hope that this helps more than it confuses.
Q: Are you a devil worshipper?
A: I'm tempted to just say, "No!" and leave it at that, but that
probably isn't enough.
Devil worship (including Satanism) is really a Christian
heresy. (If you don't believe me, ask an expert - say, any well-
read pastor or theology professor.) In order to worship Satan, you
have to believe in him - and there are no references to Satan
outside of the Christian Bible. So to be a Satanist or a devil
worshipper, you have to believe in the accuracy of the Christian
Bible, then identify yourself with God's Enemy, proclaim that you
are "evil," and then try to "fight against Jesus" or similar
nonsense.
Neopagans do not accept the Christian Bible as a source of
truth. As a source of some beautiful poetry, sometimes, or as a
source of myth, but not as a source of truth. Emphatically, we do
not believe that God has an Opposite, an evil being trying to
destroy God, the world, man, or whatever. So it is non-sensical
to say that Neopagans worship Satan.
Of course, many people insist that any god other than
JHVH/Jesus (and his other Biblical names) is a demon or an
illusion created by Satan. Well, you're welcome to believe that
if you like - but over half of the world's population is going to
be unhappy at you. Jews and followers of Islam are just as
confident that they worship the True God as you are, and resent
being called devil worshippers. So do I.
Q: What do Neopagans believe about God?
A: Neopaganism is a new religion with very, very old roots. It
harks back to the first religions that man ever practiced (based
on the physical evidence). Neopagans worship a variety of symbols
from the Old Religions - the practices of the ancient Celts, the
Greeks, the Egyptians, the Romans - and differ with each other
over what those symbols really represent. What I (and many
others) believe is that they are all aspects of God (or maybe, the
Gods) - some kind of beautiful, powerful, and loving being or
force that ties all of life together and is the origin of all
miracles - including miracles such as written language, poetry,
music, art ...
Q: Do Neopagans have a Bible?
A: Not most of us. The closest analogue would be a witch's Book
of Shadows, which is a sort of notebook of legends, poetry,
history, and magic ritual which is copied by every newly-initiated
witch, then added to. But on the whole, even a Book of Shadows
isn't what Christians think of as a Bible. It's not infallible
(couldn't be, they've been brought to us via hastily-coppied texts
under trying circumstances), it doesn't prescribe a specific code
of morality (except for a few general guidelines), and it doesn't
claim to be dictated by God - except for a few, debatable parts.
Those of us who aren't witches don't even have that much.
Neopaganism is a religious system that relies more on the
individual than on the Book or the Priest. One of the principal
beliefs of Neopaganism is that no one, not Pope nor Priest nor
Elder, has the right to interfere with your relationship to God.
Learn from whomever you want, and pray to whatever name means the
most to you.
Q: Did you say magic? Do Neopagans believe in the occult?
A: Cringe. What a badly worded question - but I hear it all the
time. Neopagans as a rule don't "believe in the occult" - we
practice magic. Magic is simply a way to focus the mental
abilities that you were born with, and use them to change the
world in positive ways. Magic can also be mixed with worship; in
which case it differs very little from Christian prayer.
Q: But I thought that you said that you weren't a demon-worshipper?
A: That's right. Magic and demonology are two different things.
Magic you also know as "psychic powers" or "mentallics" or even as
"the power of positive thinking" - in essense, the magical world
view holds that "reality" is mostly a construct of the human mind,
and as such, can be altered by the human mind. That's all there
is to it.
Q: How do you become a Neopagan?
A: In a very real sense, nobody every "becomes" a Neopagan.
There are no converts, as no conversion is necessary. Neopaganism
is an attitude towards worship, and either you have it or you
don't.
My case is not atypical. All of my life, I have been
fascinated by the old mythologies. I have always found
descriptions of the Greek Gods fascinating. If I had any
religious beliefs as a child, it was that somewhere, there was a
God, and many people worship Him, but I had no idea what His name
was. I set out to find Him, and through an odd combination of
circumstances, I because convinced that his Name was Jesus. But
seven years later, I had to admit to myself that Whoever God is,
he answers non-Christians' prayers as well as those in the name of
Jesus. In either case, true miracles are rare. In both cases,
the one praying has a devout experience with God.
After searching my soul, I admitted that I could not tell
that I was better off than when I believed in the Old Gods. And
in the mean time, I had found out that other people also loved the
Old Gods - and that they call themselves Neopagans. When I
realized that what I believed was little or no different that what
they believed, I called myself a Neopagan, too.
The common element for nearly all of us is that nearly all of
us already believed these things, before we found out that anyone
else did. "Becoming" a pagan is never a conversion. It's usually
a home-coming. No one ever "brainwashed" me. I finally relaxed,
and stopped struggling against my own self.
Q: I've heard about witches holding orgies and such. Do you?
A: No, that sort of thing doesn't appeal to me. Most of the
crap that you've heard about "witch orgies" is nonsense made up by
the National Enquirer to sell magazines.
But I shouldn't be flippant about this, because it underlies
a serious question - what kind of morality do Neopagans hold to?
"Eight words the Wiccan Rede fulfill:
An it harm none, do what thou will!"
from an old Book of Shadows
That about sums it all up. Neopaganism teaches that it is
harmful to yourself (and dangerous) to harm others. It also
teaches that trying to impose your moral standards on somebody
else's behaviour is (at least) foolish - and probably dangerous,
as you run some serious chance of hurting that person. Perhaps in
a sense Neopagans don't have morality, for as R. A. Wilson said,
"There are no commandments because there is no Commander
anywhere," but Neopagans do have ethics - standards for behaviour
based on honor and mutual benefit.
Q: I saw on the news that Neopagans use a star in a circle as their
emblem. Isn't that a Satanic symbol?
A: A pentacle (that's what it's called) is a Satanic symbol in
precisely same sense that the cross is a Nazi symbol. The German
National Socialist Party used an equal-armed cross with four flags
attached to it as their emblem. (Yes, I know - that's a swastika.
Well, before the Nazis made the word common knowledge, people just
called it a "bent cross" - it's an old heraldic symbol, and it
means the same thing that a normal cross does). That doesn't make
the Nazis good Christians, and it doesn't make Christians into
Nazis.
In the same sense, Satanists (and some rock groups) use a
type of pentacle as their emblem. That doesn't make them
Neopagans, nor does it mean that Neopagans are Satanists (or even
rock-and-rollers).
Q: Are Neopagans opposed to Christianity?
A: Some Neopagans are ex-Christians, and I'm not going to deny
that some of them have a grudge against the Church because of what
they perceived as attempts to control their minds. Further, many
Neopagans are suspicious of the Church, because it was in the name
of Jesus Christ that nine million of our kind were murdered.
Neopagans are opposed to anyone who uses force to control the
minds of others. Does that include you? If not, then it means
that Neopagans as such are not opposed to you.
Do you work for the benefit of mankind, are you respectful to
the Earth? Then it makes us allies, whether or not either of us
wants to admit it.
- - - - - - - - - -
There are many other misconceptions in the popular mind about the
Neopagan religion. Unless you've studied it, read about it from
sympathetic sources, then you really don't know anything about Neopagan
history, beliefs, practices, customs, art, science, culture, or magic.
But it would take several entire books to teach you, and I already fear
that I will be accused of trying to win converts (despite what I've
said above). If you are curious and willing to learn, try some of the
following books:
Margot Adler, _Drawing Down the Moon_
Starhawk, _The Spiral Dance_
P.E.I. Bonewits, _Real Magic_
Stewart Farrar, _What Witches Do_.
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